大菱鲆肌肉组织中的基因差异表达与体长性状的相关性研究

为了揭示出一些影响鱼类生长发育速度方面的遗传信息,本文应用mRNA差异显示技术,以同一批受精卵孵化的同池养殖的两组大菱鲆鱼为试验材料,检测了在相同生长发育条件下两组体长相差悬殊的3月龄大菱鲆肌肉组织的基因差异表达。结果：18对引物组合共显示出723条带,其中有527条带能够重现,差异显示条带的重现率为72.89%;在527条稳定的条带中有21条为差异带,其余506条为共有带（96.02%）。21条差异表达条带中有16条（3.04%）为阳性差异表达cDNA片段。这些差异表达cDNA片段的存在,说明体长差异悬殊的两组大菱鲆之间存在基因表达上的差异。试验结果对于进一步分析各种差异表达基因与大菱鲆的生长性状之间的相关关系奠定了基础;为深入研究大菱鲆的生长发育性状的分子遗传机制奠定了基础。     

石龙芮在城市生活污水净化中的应用潜力

采用水培技术,研究了石龙芮(Ranunculus sceleratus L.)在净化城市生活污水中的应用潜力.经5 d培养,石龙芮处理组总氮(K-N)、总磷(TP)浓度分别降低到2.93和0.097 6 mg·L-1,总去除率分别达到97.47%和98.44%;氧化还原电位(Eh)迅速提高; pH值得到一定的改善; 浊度迅速下降, 72 h后达到5度. 而对照组K-N、TP浓度分别为35.42和1.27 mg·L-1, 总去除率仅为52.29%和61.31%; 氧化还原电位上升缓慢; 浊度下降缓慢,72 h后仍为 57.8度.结果表明石龙芮在富营养化水体控制及水生生态修复中具有很大的应用潜力.     

提取工艺和植物生长调节剂对罗布麻愈伤组织中黄酮含量的影响

以罗布麻愈伤组织粉末为材,在单因素实验的基础上,利用响应曲面法对罗布麻愈伤组织中黄酮的提取工艺进行优化。响应曲面分析结果表明,提取试剂和提取温度对提取的黄酮含量存在显著影响。通过响应曲面分析得到罗布麻愈伤组织中黄酮提取的最佳条件为:提取试剂为70%甲醇,物料比1∶40,提取时间为4 h,提取温度为70℃。培养并比较了30种不同植物生长调节剂浓度与配比诱导100 d生长的愈伤组织中黄酮的含量,结果得出MB+KT(1.0 mg/L)+NAA(0.2 mg/L)上培养约100 d的愈伤组织中黄酮含量最高,为73.90mg/g。测定愈伤组织培养30 d内黄酮的积累动态,探明从培养的愈伤组织提取黄酮的最佳时段。通过优化提取工艺和筛选最佳植物生长调节剂浓度与配比,运用组织培养技术提高了罗布麻愈伤组织中黄酮含量。     

Involvement of Ubiquitin in Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Degradation

Western immunoblot analysis of protein extracts prepared from epidermal peels, whole leaves, and mesophyll protoplasts with ubiquitin and PEPCase antibodies indicated ubiquitinated PEPCase bands and degradation products only in crude extracts which have been obtained in the presence of the proteolysis inhibitors leupeptin and hemin. After ammonium sulfate precipitation and further purification, PEPCase forms were stable and not ubiquitinated. It is assumed, that only a certain part of PEPCase is degraded via the ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis.     

Fine linkage mapping enables dissection of closely linked quantitative trait loci for seed dormancy and heading in rice

Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for seed dormancy (tentatively designated Sdr1) and heading date (Hd8) have been mapped to approximately the same region on chromosome 3 by interval mapping of backcross inbred lines derived from crosses between the rice cultivars Nipponbare (japonica) and Kasalath (indica). To clarify whether Sdr1 and Hd8 could be dissected genetically, we carried out fine-scale mapping with an advanced backcross progeny. We selected a BC₄F₁ plant, in which a small chromosomal region including Sdr1 and Hd8, on the short arm of chromosome 3, remained heterozygous, whereas all the other chromosomal regions were homozygous for Nipponbare. Days-to-heading and seed germination rate in the BC₄F₂ plants showed continuous variation. Ten BC₄F₂ plants with recombination in the vicinity of Sdr1 and Hd8 were selected on the basis of the genotypes of the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers flanking both QTLs. Genotypes of those plants for Sdr1 and Hd8 were determined by advanced progeny testing of BC₄F₄ families. Sdr1 was mapped between the RFLP markers R10942 and C2045, and co-segregated with C1488. Hd8 was also mapped between C12534S and R10942. Six recombination events were detected between Sdr1 and Hd8. These results clearly demonstrate that Sdr1 and Hd8 were tightly linked. Nearly isogenic lines for Sdr1 and Hd8 were selected by marker-assisted selection.Communicated by D. Mackill     

Glycosides of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol from the fruits of anise,coriander and cumin

Eight glycosides of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol (1) were isolated from the fruit of anise, and their structures were clarified as 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 1-O-beta-D-fructofuranoside, 3-O-beta-D-fructofuranoside, 4-O-beta-D-fructofuranoside, 1-O-beta-D-(6-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-glucopyranoside and 1-O-beta-D-(6-O-4-methoxybenzoyl)-glucopyranoside of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol (2-9), respectively. Furthermore, 2 and 4 were isolated from the fruit of coriander, and 2, 3 and 4 were isolated from the fruit of cumin. Though the phosphate of 1 was known to be one of the first precursors of isoprenoids in the non-mevalonate pathway, and 1 is considered to be a common constituent in Umbelliferous plants, the glycosides of 1 are found for the first time.     

Chloroplast proliferation based on their distribution and arrangement inAdiantum protonemata growing under red light

Chloroplast proliferation was investigated inAdiantum protonemata growing under continuous red light. Cell division is absent when cells are grown under red light. The chloroplast number increases as the cell length increases, therefore the chloroplasts divide in the absence of cell division. Chloroplasts in the basal part of the filamentous protonemal cell migrate gradually toward the cell apex, but there is no large net migration from the tip to the base or vice versa, indicating that chloroplast division takes place in the apical part of the protonemata. Chloroplast number in the apical 100 μm was maintained at about 200 during cell growth at least over eight days. The chloroplasts were either dumbbell- or ellipsoid-shaped. Dumbbell-shaped chloroplasts are abundant everywhere in a protonema, ranging from 30 to 50% of the total chloroplasts. The dumbbell-shaped chloroplasts attached to or very close to the plasma membrane seem to be the ones that are dividing but the dumbbell-shaped ones in the other regions do not divide. These data support the hypothesis that a signal from the plasma membrane induces the dumbbell-shaped chloroplasts to divide.     

用甘蓝苗连续饲养小菜蛾的技术

室内实验结果表明 :在 ( 2 5± 1 )℃、相对湿度 5 0 %～ 70 %、光周期 1 6L∶8D条件下 ,用甘蓝苗(BrassicanapusL .)饲养小菜蛾PlutellaxylostellaL .可取得较好的饲养结果 ,连续饲养多代种群未出现退化现象 ,能够得到大量发育整齐的供试虫源。在低温 ( 4℃ )条件下 ,卵冷藏 7d ,孵化率 77 8% ,蛹冷藏 1 5d化蛹率 86 9% ,冷藏后卵和蛹的发育等与各自的对照基本一致 ,可以较好地调控小菜蛾发育进度 ,便于取得虫龄基本一致的虫源。