细胞核CaMK和Calcineurin 对大鼠心肌肥厚发生的作用

目的:研究大鼠心肌肥厚时,钙依赖的蛋白激酶和蛋白磷酸酶在心肌细胞膜、细胞浆和细胞核的分布规律,以探讨核钙信号与核反应在心肌肥厚发生过程中的病理生理意义.方法:制备腹主动脉缩窄大鼠心肌肥厚模型,同位素32P掺入法分别测定心肌细胞核、细胞浆和细胞膜的蛋白激酶活性及用无机磷生成显色法测定其蛋白磷酸酶活性.结果:腹主动脉缩窄术后4周大鼠心肌显著肥厚,伴有明显的血液动力学异常.与正常对照组相比较,腹主动脉缩窄心肌肥厚组心肌细胞核钙调素蛋白激酶(CaMK)活性增加101.1%(P＜0.01),其膜的酶活性升高40.2%(P＜0.01),而胞浆的酶活性不变(P＞0.05);心肌细胞核钙调神经磷酸酶(Calcineurin)活性增加43.6%(P＜0.05),膜和胞浆中其活性增加无显著性(P＞0.05).正常组和腹主动脉缩窄心肌肥厚组心肌细胞CaMK和Calcineurin活性分布为核＞膜＞胞浆(P＜0.01).结论:腹主动脉缩窄心肌肥厚时核内钙依赖的CaMK和Calcineurin活性增加,提示压力超负荷时细胞核内钙调节的蛋白磷酸化和去磷酸化水平增高,可能在介导心肌肥厚的发生中起重要作用.     

AGT基因SNPs与哈萨克族高血压左室肥厚关系的研究

目的探讨血管紧张素原基因（angiotensinogen gene,AGT）-6A／G,-20A／C,M235T和T174M 4个单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs）与新疆哈萨克族高血压患者左室肥厚的关系。方法采用低渗溶血法破裂血细胞、蛋白酶K消化、饱和酚／氯仿抽提法提取白细胞基因组DNA。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片断长度多态性（polymerase chain reaction—restriction fragment length polymorphism,PCR-RFLP）技术进行个体基因型分型。结果①在不考虑年龄、高血压病史时间、性别及收缩压、舒张压对左室肥厚的影响的前提下,未发现-6A／G、-20A／C与哈萨克族高血压左室肥厚的相关关系。②在以性别作为亚变量的分析结果中,我们发现-6A／G和-20A／C分别与哈萨克族女性和男性高血压左室肥厚相关。③不同SNPs间的配对连锁不平衡分析结果显示,除M235T与T174M之间外,其他各位点间存在有统计学意义的连锁不平衡关系。④单体型分析结果发现,研究人群AGT基因-6A／G、-20A／C、M235T和T174M4个SNPs构成了11种主要的单体型,其中H2（A—G—M—T）、H5（C—A—M—M）、H6（C—A-T—T）、H9（C-A—T—M）的频率在左室肥厚、非左室肥厚两组的分布存在差异,且具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论AGT基因-6A／G、-20A／C、M235T和T174M变异可能与新疆哈萨克族高血压左室肥厚有关。     

结扎冠状动脉后快速起搏方法建立急性心功能不全动物模型

目的探讨建立急性心功能不全动物模型的可行性。方法完全结扎犬前降支,进行快速右室起搏,使心输出量(CCO)较基础状态稳定地下降50%,分别测定基础及心输出量下降状态下的血压(AP)、血氧(SaO2)、平均右房压(mRAP)、平均肺毛压(mPCWP)、系统血管阻力(SVR)、心腔大小、左室射血分数(LVEF)、血浆肾素活性(PRA)、内皮素(ET)、尿量(UO)、血肌酐(Scr)、肌酐清除率(Ccr)。结果结扎LAD和快速右室起搏后,CCO较基础状态均稳定地下降50%,CCO降低后,AP、SaO2显著下降,mRAP、mPCWP、SVR显著升高;心脏各腔室明显扩大,LVEF显著降低;PRA、ET、Scr明显升高,UO、Ccr明显下降。结论结扎冠状动脉前降支及快速右心室起搏可成功制作急性心功能不全的动物模型。     

A static pressure sensitive receptor APJ promote H9c2 cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via PI3K-autophagy pathway

This study is designed to investigate whether APJ receptor acts as a sensor in static pressure-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and to investigate the mechanism of PI3K- autophagy pathway. The left ventricular hypertrophy rat model was established by coarctation of abdominal aorta. H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes were cultured in the presence of static pressure which was given by a custom-made pressure in- cubator. The results revealed that the expression of apelin/ APJ system, PI3K, Akt and their phosphorylation were sig- nificantly increased in the operation group. Static pressure up-regulated the APJ expression, PI3K phosphorylation, Akt phosphorylation, LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ and beclin-1 expression in cardio- myocytes. APJ shRNA pGPU6/Neo-rat-399, PI3K inhibitor LY294002, Akt inhibitor 1701-1 blocked the up-regulation of APJ, PI3K phosphorylation, Akt phosphorylation, LC3-H/I and beclin-1 expression, respectively. Moreover, static pres- sure increased the diameter, volume, protein content of cells, and these could be reversed when the cells were treated with pGPU6/Neo-rat-399, LY294002, and autop- hagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine, respectively. These results suggested that static pressure up-regulates APJ expression to promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by a PI3K-autop- hagy pathway.     

Repolarisation and vulnerability to re-entry in the human heart with short QT syndrome arising from KCNQ1 mutation--a simulation study

Idiopathic short QT syndrome (SQTS) is a recently identified, genetically heterogeneous condition characterised by abbreviated QT intervals and an increased susceptibility to arrhythmia and sudden death. This simulation study identifies mechanisms by which cellular electrophysiological changes in the SQT2 (slow delayed rectifier, I_Ks, -linked) SQTS variant increases arrhythmia risk. The channel kinetics of the V307L mutation of the KCNQ1 subunit of the I_Ks channel were incorporated into human ventricular action potential (AP) models and into 1D and 2D transmural tissue simulations. Incorporating the V307L mutation into simulations reproduced defining features of the SQTS: abbreviation of the QT interval, and increases in T wave amplitude and T_peak–T_end duration. In the single-cell model, the V307L mutation abbreviated ventricular cell AP duration at 90% repolarisation (APD₉₀) and increased the maximal transmural voltage heterogeneity (δV) during APs; this resulted in augmented transmural heterogeneity of APD₉₀ and of the effective refractory period (ERP). In the intact tissue model, the vulnerable window for unidirectional conduction block was also increased. In 2D tissue the V307L mutation facilitated and maintained reentrant excitation. Thus, in SQT2 increases in transmural heterogeneity of APD, δV, ERP and an increased vulnerable window for unidirectional conduction block generate an electrical substrate favourable to reentrant arrhythmia.     

siRNA干扰HIF-1α表达对高糖高胰岛素诱导的肥大心肌细胞的影响

目的 研究胰岛素受体底物1(insulin receptor substrate 1,IRS1)和缺氧诱导因子1a(hypoxia inducible factor 1a,HIF-1a)在高糖高胰岛素诱导的肥大心肌细胞中的表达及其之间的关系;观察siRNA沉默HIF-1a基因对高糖高胰岛素诱导的心肌细胞肥大的影响.方法 新生大鼠心肌细胞培养48h后,换用无血清DMEM培养液并分别加入高糖高胰岛素、高糖高胰岛素+HIF-1a-siRNA培养48h,未加入任何药物的心肌细胞在无血清DMEM培养液中继续培养48h作为对照.通过心肌细胞表面积、总蛋白含量指标检测心肌细胞肥大,并利用Real time PCR检测转染前后HIF-1a mRNA表达变化及免疫细胞化学方法检测HIF-1a及IRS1蛋白水平的表达.结果 高糖高胰岛素可增加心肌细胞表面积、总蛋白含量、HIF-1a mRNA以及HIF-1a表达,并降低IRS1表达.转染siRNA后使HIF-1a基因的表达下降,能部分抑制心肌细胞的肥大,降低心肌细胞表面积和总蛋白含量,但对IRS1表达的影响不明显.在对正常对照组和高糖高胰岛素组中IRS1表达量与HIF-1a表达量进行相关分析表明,两者的表达量成负相关.结论 通过siRNA技术对HIF-1a的有效沉默可明显地抑制高糖高胰岛素诱导大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞肥大,并且这种作用可能是通过作用于IRS1/PI3K/ Akt/MTOR途径来实现的.     

清醒大鼠在体左心室力学性能的导管测定方法

本文采用左心室导管保留法对清醒小动物（大鼠）进行了在体心脏心肌力学性能的测定。该法如操作得当,成功率较高,得到的结果也令人满意;且较简便、经济和具有一定价值     

大鼠运动性肥大心脏心肌血管内皮生长因子及其基因表达的研究

目的和方法：血管内皮生长因子（ｖａｓｃｕｌａｒｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉａｌｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＶＥＧＦ）是新近确定的一种特异作用于血管内皮细胞的活性肽。最近发现正常心肌细胞可表达ＶＥＧＦ,高血压肥大心脏心肌ＶＥＧＦ及基因表达增强,但对运动性心肌肥大时的变化尚不清楚。本实验采用免疫组化和分子杂交方法,对游泳运动１０周大鼠稳定期肥大心脏心肌ＶＥＧＦ及其基因表达进行研究。结果：ＷｉｓｔａｒＫｙｏｔｏ（ＷＫＹ）大鼠、自发性高血压大鼠（ｓｐｏｎｔａｎｅｏｕｓｌｙｈｙｐｅｒｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｒａｔｓ,ＳＨＲ）和运动大鼠心肌细胞浆内均有特异性ＶＥＧＦ染色颗粒,但运动大鼠心肌细胞胞浆内染色颗粒增加最明显。Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ分子杂交结果表明三组大鼠心肌均有ＶＥＧＦｍＲＮＡ表达,其中ＳＨＲ表达最强,运动大鼠比ＷＫＹ大鼠增强,但低于ＳＨＲ。结论：目前对这一结果的生理意义还不清楚,推测可能与心肌肥大时细胞间质血管增生有关。     

Genetic variation in the bovine myostatin gene in UK beef cattle: allele frequencies and haplotype analysis in the South Devon

Work on Belgian Blue cattle revealed that an 11 base pair (bp) deletion within the bovine myostatin gene (GDF8) is associated with the double-muscled phenotype seen in this breed. Investigations focusing on other European breeds known to show double-muscling identified several mutations within the coding region of the gene associated with the double-muscled phenotype in different breeds. The number of mutations found suggest that myostatin is highly variable within beef cattle. Variations that alter the structure of the gene product such that the protein is inactivated are associated with the most pronounced form of double-muscling as seen in the Belgian Blue. However, other mutations may have a less extreme affect on muscle development. While overt double-muscling gives rise to a high incidence of dystocia (calving difficulty), it is possible that some variants may give enhanced muscling, but with limited calving problems. We describe sequence analysis of the myostatin gene in ten beef breeds commonly used in the UK and show that the 11-bp deletion responsible for double-muscling in the Belgian Blue is also present in the South Devon cattle population. Allele frequencies and haplotypes in the South Devon and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based test for the deletion are described. PCR amplification across the deleted region provides a quick and effective test with clear identification of heterozygous individuals. We discuss our results with regard to the effect of genotype on phenotype and differences observed between the Belgian Blue and the South Devon.     

心室压力瞬时加速度的测定及其意义

本工作对国产SJ-42型四道生理记录仪进行改进,增加了记录压力二阶微分曲线的功能。经比较研究家兔左心室压力一阶微分与二阶微分指标后发现,(d~2p/dt~2)max对心肌变力作用的敏感性比(dp/dt)max高出1/3左右,两项指标对心脏前后负荷和心率均具有一定的依赖性,但两者间无明显差异,提示用心室压力瞬时加速度指标评价心脏收缩性能比用压力瞬时速率指标更为灵敏可靠。