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991.
The role of polyamines (PA) synthesis in NMDA receptor-mediated45Ca2+ fluxes and norepinephrine release was studied in rat hippocampal synaptosomes. NMDA (50M) caused a sharp (>2-fold) transient increase in PA synthesis regulating enzyme, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity with concomitant elevation in PA levels in the order putrescine>spermidine>spermine. ODC inhibitor, -difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), and NMDA antagonist, 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (D-AP5), both blocked increases in ODC activity and PA levels. Activation of NMDA receptors induced a sharp (3 to 4-fold) and quick (15 seconds) increase in45Ca2+ uptake by synaptosomes within 15 seconds of exposure at 37°C. The efflux of45Ca2+ and3H-norepinephrine (NE) release at 22°C from pre-loaded synaptosomes was also significantly (2 to 4-fold) enhanced by NMDA within 15 seconds. These NMDA receptor-mediated effects on calcium fluxes and NE release were blocked by NMDA receptor-antagonists (DAP-5 and MK-801) and PA synthesis inhibitor, DFMO and the DFMO inhibition nullified by exogenous putrescine. These observations establish that ODC/PA cascade play an important role in transduction of excitatory amino acid mediated signals at NMDA receptors.Special issue dedicated to Dr. Sidney Ochs. 相似文献
992.
We have previously shown that volatile anesthetics inhibit glutamate-stimulated [3H]MK-801 binding to the ionophore of NMDA receptor complexes in rat brain. In the present study, we examined the influence of enflurane and halothane on NMDA-stimulated45Ca uptake by a microvesicle fraction isolated from rat brain. NMDA stimulated45Ca uptake (30 sec) by rat brain microvesicles by up to 70% with an EC50 of 1.4±0.5 M. The NMDA-stimulated45Ca uptake was inhibited by MK-801 and D-AP-5 with IC50's of 10 M. Enflurane and halothane inhibited45Ca uptake stimulated by 100 M NMDA by as much as 60–80% with IC50's of 0.2–0.3 mM, concentrations achieved during routine clinical use. Basal45Ca uptake measured in the absence of agonist was not affected by the anesthetics. Glycine did not affect the level of NMDA-stimulated45Ca uptake, but markedly reduced the inhibition of uptake caused by enflurane and halothane. Preincubation of microvesicles with NMDA resulted in a desensitization of NMDA-stimulated45Ca uptake, with a t1/2 of 20 sec. Enflurane and halothane diminished both the extent and rate of development of this desensitization, as did glycine. These findings support the idea that volatile anesthetic interference with neurotransmission at NMDA receptor complexes contributes to the development of the anesthetic state. 相似文献
993.
Michael R. Pranzatelli 《Neurochemical research》1994,19(3):311-315
To study the early effects of neonatal 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine lesions on 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) receptors, we measured regional [3H]8-OH-DPAT-labeled 5-HT1A sites in binding assays and compared them to our previous studies of [3H]paroxetine-labeled 5-HT transporter sites during the first month in the same rats. While there were significant time- and dose-dependent effects of 5,7-DHT on 5-HT transporter sites, there were no significant changes in 5-HT1A sites in cortex, hippocampus, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum, or spinal cord. 5,7-DHT lesions also did not alter the Ki of Gpp(NH)p at brainstem 5-HT1A sites or the Ki of 5-HT in cortex or brainstem in the presence or absence of GTPS or Gpp(NH)p. There were significant regional differences between the density of 5-HT1A sites and 5-HT transporter sites. The ontogeny of brainstem 5-HT1A sites was a pattern of increases until three weeks postnatal, and 5,7-DHT lesions did not alter the ontogeny of 5-HT1A sites. These data suggest differential plasticity of 5-HT1A and 5-HT transporter binding sites during the first month after neonatal 5,7-DHT lesions. 相似文献
994.
Effect of temperature and growth phase on fatty acid composition of the psychrophilic Vibrio sp. strain no. 5710 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tetsuo Hamamoto Nobuhisa Takata Toshiaki Kudo Koki Horikoshi 《FEMS microbiology letters》1994,119(1-2):77-81
Abstract The cellular fatty acid composition of the psychrophilic Vibrio sp. strain No. 5710 isolated from a deep-sea sediment sample was analyzed. The presence of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) was demonstrated as found previously in other deep-sea bacteria, and the relative amount of 22:6 decreased as the growth temperature increased. A temperature shift from 10°C to 0°C resulted in a relative increase of 22:6, and an opposite shift led to a decrease. In addition, hexadecanoic acid (16:0) was found to increase as the growth temperature increased. Therefore, it is suggested that the adaptation of 5710 to the growth temperature was carried out by the changes in the relative amounts of 22:6 and 16:0. When 5710 was grown at low temperature, it increased the relative amount of 22:6 presumably to maintain membrane fluidity at that temperature. In contrast, 5710 grown at high temperature probably maintained the membrane fluidity by increasing the amount of a saturated fatty acid, 16:0. Furthermore, observation of the fatty acid compositions at mid-exponential phase and early stationary phase revealed the proportions of several fatty acids, including a major fatty acid, 9- cis -hexadecenoic acid (16:1c, palmitoleic acid), were affected by the growth phase which may be due to the physiological difference between the growth phases. 相似文献
995.
Lisa L. Kohring David B. Ringelberg Richard Devereux David A. Stahl Marc W. Mittelman David C. White 《FEMS microbiology letters》1994,119(3):303-308
Abstract Twenty-five isolates of dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria were clustered based on similarity analysis of their phospholipid ester-linked fatty acids (PLFA). Of these, 22 showed that phylogenetic relationships based on the sequence similarity of their 16S rRNA directly paralleled the PLFA relationships. Desulfobacter latus and Desulfobacter curvatus grouped with the other Desulfobacter spp. by 16S rRNA comparison but not with the PLFA analysis as they contained significantly more monoenoic PLFA than the others. Similarly, Desulfovibrio africanus clustered with the Desulfovibrio spp. by 16S rRNA but not with them when analyzed by PLFA patterns because of higher monoenoic PLFA content. Otherwise, clustering obtained with either analysis was essentially congruent. The relationships defined by PLFA patterns appeared robust to shifts in nutrients and terminal electron acceptors. Additional analyses utilizing the lipopolysaccharide-lipid A hydroxy fatty acid patterns appeared not to shift the relationships based on PLFA significantly except when completely absent, as in Gram-positive bacteria. Phylogenetic relationships between isolates defined by 16S rRNA sequence divergence represent a selection clearly different from the multi-enzyme activities responsible for the PLFA patterns. Determination of bacterial relationships based on different selective pressures for various cellular components provides more clues to evolutionary history leading to a more rational nomenclature. 相似文献
996.
Abstract Mycobacteria show a high degree of intrinsic resistance to most antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents. The low permeability of the mycobacterial cell wall, with its unusual structure, is now known to be a major factor in this resistance. Thus hydrophilic agents cross the cell wall slowly because the myobacterial porin is inefficient in allowing the permeation of solutes and exists in low concentration. Lipophilic agents are presumably slowed down by the lipid bilayer which is of unusually low fluidity and abnormal thickness. Nevertheless, the cell wall barrier alone cannot produce significant levels of drug resistance, which requires synergistic contribution from a second factor, such as the enzymatic inactivation of drugs. 相似文献
997.
油菜素内酯促进绿豆上胚轴伸长与蛋白质和核酸合成的关系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用饲喂蛋白质和核酸合成的放射性前体[3 H]-Phe、[3 H]-尿嘧啶和[3 H]-胸腺嘧啶证实了油菜素内酯(BR)能促进绿豆上胚轴的生长和蛋白质、RNA 及DNA 的合成。用蛋白质和核酸合成抑制剂(CH、Act.D、5-Fu)进一步探讨它们对上胚轴伸长的抑制作用与蛋白质、RNA、DNA 和m RNA 合成之间的关系。证明了上胚轴的伸长依赖于蛋白质和核酸的合成,尤其是依赖于m RNA 的合成。说明BR是在转录水平上调节基因的表达,进而促进上胚轴的伸长 相似文献
998.
999.
Gary L. Johnson Anne M. Gardner Carol Lange-Carter Nan-Xin Qian Marijane Russell Sim Winitz 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》1994,54(4):415-422
Serpentine receptors coupled to the heterotrimeric G protein, Gi2, are capable of stimulating DNA synthesis in a variety of cell types. A common feature of the Gi2-coupled stimulation of DNA synthesis is the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The regulation of MAPK activation by the Gi2-coupled thrombin and acetylcholine muscarinic M2 receptors occurs by a sequential activation of a network of protein kinases. The MAPK kinase (MEK) which phosphorylates and activates MAPK is also activated by phosphorylation. MEK is phosphorylated and activated by either Raf or MEK kinase (MEKK). Thus, Raf and MEKK converge at MEK to regulate MAPK. Gi2-coupled receptors are capable of activating MEK and MAPK by Raf-dependent and Raf-independent mechanisms. Pertussis toxin catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of αi2 inhibits both the Raf-dependent and-independent pathways activated by Gi2-coupled receptors. The Raf-dependent pathway involves Ras activation, while the Raf-independent activation of MEK and MAPK does not involve Ras. The Raf-independent activation of MEK and MAPK most likely involves the activation of MEKK. The vertebrate MEKK is homologous to the Ste11 and Byr2 protein kinases in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe, respectively. The yeast Ste11 and Byr2 protein kinases are involved in signal transduction cascades initiated by pheromone receptors having a 7 membrane spanning serpentine structure coupled to G proteins. MEKK appears to be conserved in the regulation of G protein-coupled signal pathways in yeast and vertebrates. Raf represents a divergence in vertebrates from the yeast pheromone-responsive protein kinase system. Defining MEKK and Raf as a divergence in the MAPK regulatory network provides a mechanism for differential regulation of this system by Gi2-coupled receptors as well as other receptor systems, including the tyrosine kinases. 相似文献
1000.
Patricia Jurez 《Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology》1994,25(3):193-206
Triatoma infestans eggs are shown to synthesize hydrocarbons. Radio-gas chromatography was used to demonstrate metabolism of [1-14C]propionate into precursor methyl-branched fatty acids and into methyl-branched hydrocarbons in T. infestans eggs. These reactions have not been demonstrated previously in insect eggs. An in vivo study showed that hydrocarbons are also transported to eggs by the hemolymph. Inhibition of hydrocarbon synthesis by sodium trichloroacetate (NaTCA) was correlated with reduced oviposition, reduced hatchability, and reduced insect survival. Scanning electron microscopy showed impoverishment of the eggs' epicuticular waxes following NaTCA treatment. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献