Geographic range determinants of two commercially important marine molluscs

Aim We modelled the spatial abundance patterns of two abalone species (Haliotis rubra Donovan 1808 and H. laevigata Leach 1814) inhabiting inshore rocky reefs to better understand the importance of current sea surface temperature (SST) (among other predictors) and, ultimately, the effect of future climate change, on marine molluscs. Location Southern Australia. Methods We used an ensemble species distribution modelling approach that combined likelihood‐based generalized linear models and boosted regression trees. For each modelling technique, a two‐step procedure was used to predict: (1) the current probability of presence, followed by (2) current abundance conditional on presence. The resulting models were validated using an independent, spatially explicit dataset of abalone abundance patterns in Victoria. Results For both species, the presence of reef was the main driver of abalone occurrence, while SST was the main driver of spatial abundance patterns. Predictive maps at c. 1‐km resolution showed maximal abundance on shallow coastal reefs characterized by mild winter SSTs for both species. Main conclusions Sea surface temperature was a major driver of abundance patterns for both abalone species, and the resulting ensemble models were used to build fine‐resolution predictive range maps (c. 1 km) that incorporate measures of habitat suitability and quality in support of resource management. By integrating this output with structured spatial population models, a more robust understanding of the potential impacts of threatening human processes such as climate change can be established.     

响应面法优化重组大肠杆菌产蔗糖异构酶发酵培养基

通过碳氮源的不同浓度对重组大肠杆菌E.coil BL21(DE3)发酵产蔗糖异构酶(SIase)的影响,并借助于数学分析软件Design Expert,结合Plackett-Burman试验设计和中心复合试验设计分析法,对蔗糖异构酶的产生菌进行了发酵培养基的优化研究。实验表明,最佳培养基组分为甘蔗糖蜜10.65 g/L,玉米浆22.22 g/L,NaCl 7.57 g/L ,MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.52 g/L, KH₂PO₄ 4.46g/L,优化后的蔗糖异构酶活力达到29.1U/ml,比LB培养基培养重组大肠杆菌(15U/ml),蔗糖异构酶活力提高了94%,与原始菌大黄欧文菌NX-5相比提高了21.4倍(1.3U/ml)。     

一株高效广谱染料降解细菌的分离鉴定及其脱色特性初探

从土壤样品中分离到一株高效染料脱色菌株N-4,根据形态学特征及16S rDNA基因序列分析,该菌株初步鉴定为Leucobacter sp.。利用表面响应法(RSM)对菌株N-4脱色活性深蓝K-R的主要因素进行优化,实验结果表明,菌株N-4脱色K-R的最优条件为:湿菌量10 g/L,染料浓度222 mg/L,硫酸铵1.5 g/L,果糖3.5 g/L,最佳脱色率为100%。此外,实验证明其对多种染料均具有较高的脱色效率。同时,考察了金属离子对染料脱色效率的影响,其中K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Ba2+、Mn2+等对脱色具有促进作用,而Ni2+、Cu2+、Hg2+对脱色具有明显的抑制作用。     

东濮凹陷沙河街组(古近纪)植物活动痕迹类型及其环境与层序地层学意义

植物活动痕迹即根迹,是层序地层学中识别低位期沉积的重要标志。东濮凹陷沙河街组(古近纪)根迹发育,形态各异,可分为A、B、C、D、E五种类型,分别被解释为五类次级沉积环境下的产物。其中A型根迹、B型根迹与河口湾沉积环境相关,前者见于河口湾陆方一侧的河口沙坝(bay head bar),后者则出现于海方一侧易受海浪冲蚀的盐碱凹地。已有资料证明,植物活动痕迹,结合动物活动痕迹和古生物学、沉积学研究,可为判别河口湾沉积环境、层序界面提供重要实据,从而在层序地层学研究和储层沉积环境探索中显示重要作用。     

氨甲酰胆碱和Impromidine对CFU—S细胞周期的影响

正常情况下处于S期的CFU-S比例低于10％。氨甲酰胆碱(Cach 10~(-13)—10~(-9)mol/L)和Impromidine(Impro 10~(-9)—10~(-4)mol/L)在体外与小鼠骨髓细胞短时培育后,增加了CFU-S对细胞毒剂羟基脲的敏感性。反应最大时,9d和13dCFU-S的减少率分别是32.8和60.6％(Cach)以及38.4和49.5％(Impro)。这种效应可分别被胆碱能N受体阻断剂筒箭毒(10~(-6)mol/L)和组胺H_2受体阻断剂甲氰咪呱(10~(-6)mol/L)所阻断,表明9d和13d CFU-S表面胆碱能N受体和组胺H_2受体的密度或活性存在差别,再次证实了CFU-S是一个不均一的细胞群。     

Optimization of γ-polyglutamic acid production byBacillus subtilis ZJU-7 using a surface-response methodology

The components of the media used to elicit the biosynthesis of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) byBacillus subtilis ZJU-7 were investigated, particularly the carbon and nitrogen sources. Of the 7 carbon sources investigated, sucrose induced the highest rate of γ-PGA productivity; among the nitrogen sources, tryptone had the best effect for γ-PGA production. A 2⁶⁻² fractional factorial design was used to screen factors that influence γ-PGA production significantly, and a central composite design was finally adopted to formulate the optimal medium. γ-PGA productivity improved approximately 2-fold when the optimal medium was used compared with the original nonoptimized medium, and volumetric productivity reached a maximum of 58.2 g/L after a 24-h cultivation period.     

刺激隐神经C类纤维诱发体感皮层电反应(平均诱发电位)

当猫的隐神经A类纤维单独兴奋时,可引起同侧脊髓背表面电位 A-SSP(潜伏期 2.6±0.4ms)和对侧体感皮层诱发电位 A-CEP。A-CEP由早成分(潜伏期 9.6±1 1ms)和晚成分(203.0±10.gms)组成。当 C类纤维选择性传入时,出现特异的 C-CEP(潜伏期 134.4±25.9ms)和C-SSP(115.8±15.6ms)。C-CEP的幅值较A-CEP 小,并随C类纤维传入的数量而改变。C-CEP的最大幅值位于后乙状回一定部位,多为负或正-负电位,在皮层深层其相位倒转。与A-CEP相比,C-CEP的中枢延搁时间较长,跟随频率较低,对镇痛药较敏感。表明C-CEP不同于A-CEP,它是由C类传入所引起的,是在体感皮层内产生的。当A类和C类纤维同时传入时,只有A-CEP和A-SSP出现,而不出现C-CEP和C-SSP。在阻断电流逐渐增强过程中,C-CEP较C-SSP后出现;而在撤销阻断过程中,则C-CEP较C-SSP先消失。提示C类传入在中枢可能被A类传入所抑制,这种抑制可以发生在脊髓和脊上水平,后者可能更强。     

Age-dependent tree-ring growth responses to climate in Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii Kom.)

Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii kom.) is one of the dominant tree species on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and has been used in dendroclimatological studies. Here we designed a test to examine whether or not the climate–growth responses in tree rings of Qilian Juniper vary with the change in tree's age. A total number of 135 increment cores were sampled from Qilian Juniper trees at five sites, in which 112 cores were selected and grouped into five 100-year age classes for analysis of age-dependent climate–growth relationships. Chronology statistics, response functions and ANOVA F-test were used to test the consistency of five age-class mean chronologies (AGCs). The results showed that mean sensitivity (MS) and standard deviation (SD) did not change significantly with age. Response function analysis indicated that (a) climate accounts for a high amount of variance in tree-ring widths; (b) tree-ring growth has significant positive correlation with mean monthly air temperature of previous October and November, and with total monthly precipitation of current January and June, while has significant negative correlation with mean monthly air temperature of current May; and (c) AGC-2, AGC-3 and AGC-4 have stronger response to climate change than AGC-1 and AGC-5. The ANOVA F-test showed that generally there are significant differences between the first age class and other four age classes, but among the four classes in which trees are older than 200 years, the differences are usually insignificant. Overall the long-lived Qilian Juniper is still an ideal tree species for dendroclimatic reconstruction.     

Microinjection in combination with microfluorimetry to study proton diffusion along phospholipid membranes

Proton diffusion along the surface of a planar bilayer lipid membrane was measured by means of acid/base injection with a micropipette and recording of the kinetics of fluorescence changes of fluorescein-labelled lipid on the surface. The dimensionality of the process was assayed by fitting the kinetic curves with two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) diffusion equations. In agreement with Serowy et al. (Biophys J 84:1031-1037, 2003), lateral proton diffusion proceeded via bulk phase by means of buffer molecules as proton carriers (D = 600 microm2/s) under the conditions of 1 mM buffer in the solution. Introduction of proton binding sites on the membrane surface led to the appearance of a considerable contribution of two-dimensional proton diffusion on the membrane surface with D = 1,100 mum(2)/s. The system described can be used to study the dependence of the proton diffusion rate on the phospholipid and protein composition of the membrane.     

粤北南岭大宝山矿流域山水林田湖草修复阻力与优先级分析

遵循“防源、控流、治汇”理念,以粤北南岭大宝山矿区作为风险源,以所在流域为研究区,分析研究区主要阻力因素,采用最小累积阻力模型建立区域生态阻力面;利用Jenks自然断点法,分析生态修复优先级,提出分区治理重点和对策。研究结果表明：研究区综合阻力系数处于9-32之间,各评价指标的阻力面空间分布格局相似,其阻力值呈现出东南部大,西北部小的空间格局;长期的矿业开采污染了流域生态环境,且距离矿区越近的区域生态修复的优先性越高。将研究区分为4个优先级区,各区修复优先性依次为Ⅰ区 > Ⅱ区 > Ⅲ区 > Ⅳ区。Ⅰ区重点在于治水,提高pH、降低重金属有效态含量和增加地表植被覆盖度。Ⅱ区重点在于河流治理与治土,确保污染减排,增强拦泥库的废水调节。Ⅲ区、Ⅳ区核心在治土,逐步改善土壤条件。研究结果为修复项目在时空尺度上落地和科学治理提供科学依据。