Synthesis, crystal structure, magnetic and redox properties of copper(II) complexes of N-alkyl(aryl) tBu-salicylaldimines

A series of novel copper(II) complexes, L₂Cu with newly synthesized 3,5--salicylaldimine (or 5--salicylaldimine) ligands derived from 2,4-di-tert-butyl phenol (or 4-tert-butyl phenol) and alkyl (aryl) amines have been prepared and their spectroscopic (IR, UV-Vis, ESI-MS), X-ray, magnetic and redox properties have been investigated. The X-ray crystallography analysis shows that all complexes are monomeric and their copper(II) centers are surrounded by phenolate oxygens and imine nitrogen atoms. Therefore, the coordination sphere around the copper atoms is N₂O₂ as seen in galactose oxidase active site. In addition, the geometric configurations of all complexes are square planar or slightly distorted square planar. The crystal system for all complexes is monoclinic, except for which is orthorhombic. The temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility of complexes confirms the mononuclear structure of complexes. Oxidation of the Cu(II) complexes yielded the corresponding Cu(II)-phenoxyl radical species during the cyclic voltammetry experiments.     

重庆大巴山区野生猕猴桃资源调查和遗传多样性分析

为探讨重庆大巴山区野生猕猴桃资源的分布现状和遗传多样性,进一步保护和挖掘有价值的野生种质资源,本试验在重庆大巴山野生猕猴桃聚集区开展实地调查、采集,重点分析该地区野生猕猴桃果实特异性和多样性。结果显示:重庆大巴山野生猕猴桃集中分布在海拔978~1758 m的高山上,以中华、美味及两者混杂类型分布为主,另有软枣、显脉和硬齿猕猴桃等野生资源分布,该区域以城口县野生猕猴桃资源最为丰富。果实性状分析显示了重庆大巴山野生猕猴桃有着丰富的表型性状多样性,SSR标记从DNA层面也印证了这一点。采集的41个野生资源按成熟期分类可分成3类:早熟资源5个、中熟资源34个和晚熟资源2个。有14个资源的可溶性固形物达到15%以上,4个资源的VC含量达到200 mg/100 g以上。另外,根据资源特异性筛选出5个有较高应用价值的野生资源。重庆大巴山地区蕴含的丰富野生猕猴桃资源可为猕猴桃人工驯化、品种改良提供种质资源。     

Regulatory volume decrease in cardiomyocytes is modulated by calcium influx and reactive oxygen species

We investigated the role of Ca²⁺ in generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by hyposmotic stress (Hypo) and its relationship to regulatory volume decrease (RVD) in cardiomyocytes. Hypo-induced increases in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca²⁺. Nifedipine (Nife) inhibited both Hypo-induced Ca²⁺ and ROS increases. Overexpression of catalase (CAT) induced RVD and a decrease in Hypo-induced blebs. Nife prevented CAT-dependent RVD activation. These results show a dual role of Hypo-induced Ca²⁺ influx in the control of cardiomyocyte viability. Hypo-induced an intracellular Ca²⁺ increase which activated RVD and inhibited necrotic blebbing thus favoring cell survival, while simultaneously increasing ROS generation, which in turn inhibited RVD and induced necrosis.     

Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions assessment and extended exergy accounting of a horizontal-flow constructed wetland for municipal wastewater treatment: A case study in Chile

The life-cycle greenhouse gaseous emissions and primary exergy resources consumption associated with a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSF) were investigated. The subject of study was a wetland for municipal wastewater treatment with a 700-person-equivalent capacity. The effects of two types of emergent aquatic macrophytes (Phragmites australis and Schoenoplectus californicus) and seasonality on greenhouse gas (GHG) gas emissions, the environmental remediation cost (ERC) and the specific environmental remediation cost (SERC) were assessed. The results indicate that GHG emissions per capita (12–22 kgCO2eq/p.e/yr) and primary exergy resources consumed (24–27 MJ/m³) for the HSSF are lower than those of a conventional wastewater treatment plant (67.9 kgCO2eq/p.e/yr and 96 MJ/m³). The SERC varied between 176 and 216 MJ/kg biological oxygen demand (BOD₅) removal, which should be further reduced by 20% for an improved BOD₅ removal efficiency above 90%. The low organic matter removal efficiency is associated with a high organic load and low bacterial development. Seasonality has a marked effect on the organic removal efficiency and the SERC, but the macrophyte species does not.     

山西珍稀野生花卉种质资源与利用

本文论述了山西珍稀野生花卉种质资源的种类、观赏特性和应用前景,并进一步分析了其生态特点和开发利用途径,为今后山西珍稀野生花卉的研究和开发利用提参考.     

我国麻类作物种质资源保护与利用研究进展

总结了我国麻类种质资源在收集保存、繁殖更新、鉴定评价和分发利用等方面的最新进展.10年来,新增麻类种质697份,保存资源数量增至9764份,居世界第1位;繁殖更新麻类资源5343份次,基本解决了麻类资源安全保存和供种等问题;完成农艺性状、经济性状及特性鉴定6543份次,筛选出麻类优异种质296份;向全国50家单位分发种质4296份次,资源利用效率大幅提高.并针对当前存在的问题,提出了下一步工作的明确目标和任务.     

Root responses to nutrient patches in grassland and forest

Differences between growth forms in root responses to experimentally created heterogeneity have been documented in many greenhouse and plot studies, but not in natural vegetation. Here we examined the response of roots to experimental nutrient patches in undisturbed grassland and forest at the northern edge of the North American Great Plains. Forest vegetation increases the spatial heterogeneity of soil resources, and we tested for differences between forest and grassland roots in response to patches. Ten minirhizotrons (clear tubes, 5 cm diameter, 180 cm long) were installed in both grassland and forest 3 years before the experiment. Minirhizotrons ran horizontally 10 cm beneath the soil surface. Patches of available nitrogen (N) were created over the tubes, using three concentrations (0, 3, 15 g N m⁻² yr⁻¹) and two patch sizes (1␣and 10 cm²). Root images were collected beneath patches over the course of a growing season. Root length was significantly greater in grassland than forest at the start and end of the growing season, but did not respond to N patches. Root production was also significantly greater in grassland than forest, and was significantly greater (about 20%) in high-N patches than in unfertilized patches. This increase, however, did not differ between vegetation types. Turnover did not vary with any treatment, and patch size had no effect on any response variable. Overall, differences caused by experimental patches were much smaller than differences between habitats, and did not vary between habitats. Realistic levels of experimentally imposed hetereogeneity in established vegetation may not be much greater than background levels, and field vegetation has extant root systems which respond to patches via uptake instead of growth. Both mechanisms should contribute to less root proliferation in field experiments than in greenhouse experiments.     

Limiting factors for seed production in Cynoglossum officinale

Summary Over three years of study, small plants of Cynoglossum officinale consistently produced more flowers per unit of dry weight than large plants. In contrast to earlier results, weight of all seeds tended to increase more than proportional to size. As a result a positive correlation existed between seed set per flower and plant size. The correlation between the mean number of pollinator visits per flower and size was positive but not significant. In a field experiment we found that resources rather than pollen were limiting seed set. Thus, it is unlikely that enhanced pollination of the largest plants causes the size-dependency of seed set per flower. Alternative hypotheses are discussed briefly.Publication of the Meijendel Comité, New Series No. 96     

甘肃黄芪属药用植物资源

目的:调查甘肃省黄芪属药用植物资源,为该属植物资源的开发利用提供科学依据.方法:深入甘肃各地进行实地调查、采集标本和分类鉴定,并查阅和核对主要标本馆的腊叶标本.结果:初步研究,甘肃省有13种1亚种药用黄芪属植物,记述了它们在省内的分布、生境和药用价值,并编制了检索表.结论:甘肃黄芪属植物资源丰富,有待进一步研究,开发利用.     

Synthesis of (20S)-[7,7,21,21-2H4]-3beta-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-20-methyl-pregn-5-en-21-ol,a useful intermediate for the preparation of deuterated isotopomers of sterols

(20S)-[7,7,21,21-2H(4)]-3beta-(tert-Butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-20-methyl-pregn-5-en-21-ol, an intermediate for the preparation of deuterated isotopomers of sterols to be used as standards for biomedical studies, was prepared by reduction with dichloroaluminum deuteride of ethyl (20S)-3beta-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-7-oxo-pregn-5-en-20-carboxylate. Using controlled experimental conditions, it has also been shown that the dichloroaluminum hydride reduction of a 7-keto steroid affords the corresponding 7beta-hydroxy derivative in a highly stereoselective manner.