喉上神经阻滞复合瑞芬太尼和右美托咪定用于经皮气管切开术的临床效果

目的:探讨喉上神经阻滞复合瑞芬太尼和右美托咪定应用于经皮气管切开术(PT)的临床效果。方法:将60例因呼吸困难行PT的患者随机分为两组。所有患者均喉上神经阻滞,对照组(30例)采用丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼,实验组(30例)采用右美托咪定复合瑞芬太尼。观察并比较两组患者术前(T1)、麻醉药物注射结束后(T2)、气管切开置入套管时(T3)、手术结束时(T4)收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO_2)及平均动脉压(MAP)、警觉/镇静(OAA/S)评分的变化及术中并发症的发生情况。结果:对照组T3、T4时刻SBP、DBP、HR、MAP均较T1时明显升高,且明显高于实验组同时点(P0.05),而实验组T2、T3、T4时SBP、DBP、HR、MAP与T1时刻比较差异无明显统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组术中呛咳、呼吸抑制的发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。两组T2～T4时刻OAA/S评分均明显低于T1时刻,且实验组OAA/S评分均明显低于对照组同时刻(P0.05)。结论:喉上神经阻滞复合右美托咪啶和瑞舒芬太尼应用于PT中可维持血流动力学的稳定,减少应激反应,降低术中并发症的发生率。     

丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼靶控输注在小儿短小手术中的效果分析

目的:探讨不同浓度丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼靶控输注喉罩麻醉在小儿短小手术中的临床效果。方法:127例采用小儿短小手术治疗的患儿按丙泊酚给药目标浓度分为A组(2 ng/mL)、B组(3 ng/mL)和C组(4 ng/mL),分别与瑞芬太尼2 ng/mL联合应用靶控输注,行喉罩置入,失败则逐次增加瑞芬太尼剂量0.5 ng/mL直至成功置入。将各组成功率最高时浓度下的患儿分为A1、B1和C1,比较三个亚组不良反应发生情况、以及各时段HR、BIS值和MAP。结果:A组、B组和C组患儿中分别在3 ng/mL、2.5 ng/mL和2 ng/mL时置入成功率最高,满意/可接受比也最高,与其它浓度比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。B1组满意/可接受比值高于A1组和C1组,差异有统计学意义(x2=5.189,x2=7.031,P0.05)。不良反应发生率A1组最高,其次是C1组,与B1组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。组内行方差分析发现,A1组和C1组有较大波动,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而B1组总体平稳,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:2.5 ng/mL瑞芬太尼与3 ng/mL丙泊酚靶控输注时喉罩麻醉在小儿短小手术中的应用效果最好,各临床指标较为平稳,不良反应发生率低。     

Determination of remifentanil in human blood by capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-selective detection

A validated method for the determination of remifentanil in human blood, applicable to all therapeutic concentrations, using capillary GC with nitrogen-specific detection and fentanyl as the internal standard has been developed. Citrated whole blood samples were extracted into 1-chlorobutane following precipitation of proteins with methanol. The drugs were back extracted into 10 mM HCl and re-extracted into methanol-1-chlorobutane. The extracts were reconstituted in methanol and injected onto a 25-m BPX-5 column. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.2 ng/ml with within- and between-day coefficients of variation of less than 15%.     

Implementation of Neural Networks to Frontal Electroencephalography for the Identification of the Transition Responsiveness/Unresponsiveness During Induction of General Anesthesia

ObjectiveGeneral anesthesia is a reversible drug-induced state of altered arousal characterized by loss of responsiveness (LOR) due to brainstem inactivation. Precise identification of the LOR during the induction of general anesthesia is extremely important to provide personalized information on anesthetic requirements and could help maintain an adequate level of anesthesia throughout surgery, ensuring safe and effective care and balancing the avoidance of intraoperative awareness and overdose. So, main objective of this paper was to investigate whether a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) applied to bilateral frontal electroencephalography (EEG) dataset recorded from patients during opioid-propofol anesthetic procedures identified the exact moment of LOR.Material and methodsA clinical protocol was designed to allow for the characterization of different clinical endpoints throughout the transition to unresponsiveness. Fifty (50) patients were enrolled in the study and data from all was included in the final dataset analysis. While under a constant estimated effect-site concentration of 2.5 ng/mL of remifentanil, an 1% propofol infusion was started at 3.3 mL//h until LOR. The level of responsiveness was assessed by an anesthesiologist every six seconds using a modified version of the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (aRASS). The frontal EEG was acquired using a bilateral bispectral (BIS VISTA™ v2.0, Medtronic, Ireland) sensor. EEG data was then split into 5-second epochs, and for each epoch, the anesthesiologist's classification was used to label it as responsiveness (no-LOR) or unresponsiveness (LOR). All 5-second epochs were then used as inputs for the CNN model to classify the untrained segment as no-LOR or LOR.ResultsThe CNN model was able to identify the transition from no-LOR to LOR successfully, achieving 97.90±0.07% accuracy on the cross-validation set.ConclusionThe obtained results showed that the proposed CNN model was quite efficient in the responsiveness/unresponsiveness classification. We consider our approach constitutes an additional technique to the current methods used in the daily clinical setting where LOR is identified by the loss of response to verbal commands or mechanical stimulus. We therefore hypothesized that automated EEG analysis could be a useful tool to detect the moment of LOR, especially using machine learning approaches.     

雷米芬太尼联合丙泊酚对妇科腹腔镜手术患者的血流动力学及麻醉苏醒的影响

目的:探讨雷米芬太尼联合丙泊酚对妇科腹腔镜手术患者的血流动力学及麻醉苏醒的影响。方法:将116例拟行妇科腹腔镜手术患者随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组给予雷米芬太尼联合丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉,对照组给予芬太尼联合丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉。比较两组术中平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、血气分析指标、患者麻醉后睁眼时间、拔管时间及答问切题时间。结果:麻醉诱导后两组平均动脉压(MAP)及心率(HR)均显著下降(P0.05);观察组插管即刻及插管后2 min MAP及HR显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组麻醉后睁眼时间、拔管时间、答问切题时间显著早于对照组(P0.05);与气腹前相比,气腹10 min、20 min及60min的PaCO2均升高(P0.05),两组各时点其他血气分析指标比较无显著差别(P0.05)。结论:妇科腹腔镜手术给予雷米芬太尼联合丙泊酚全凭静脉麻醉,可显著减轻插管应激心血管反应,保持血流动力学稳定,效果优于芬太尼联合丙泊酚麻醉。     

不同麻醉方案在小儿烧伤中的应用分析

目的:探讨不同麻醉方案对儿童烧伤患者的效果及意义。方法:将60例烧伤患儿随机均分为AB两组。A组患儿采用七氟醚与瑞芬太尼联合麻醉的方案进行,B组患儿采用丙泊酚与瑞芬太尼联合的方案进行麻醉。观察并比较两种不同麻醉方案对患儿的作用及对手术效果的影响。结果:A组T4时的SpO2明显高于B组,具有统计学意义(P0.00001);A组患儿的自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间和苏醒时间均明显高于B组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01);两组的麻醉时间、呕吐、体动、支气管痉挛例数和患儿苏醒期躁动评分相似,无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:相较丙泊酚联合瑞芬太尼麻醉方案,七氟醚联合瑞芬太尼麻醉方案用于小儿烧伤手术麻醉可明显缩短患儿自主呼吸的恢复时间、拔管时间和苏醒时间。     

靶控输注系统（TCI）在清醒插管中的应用进展

靶控输注系统(TCI)在清醒插管中的应用越来越多地被麻醉医师所关注。清醒插管是临床上处理困难气道插管的常用措施,其过程要求患者处于可唤醒的镇静状态。临床上应用靶控输注丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼达到镇静作用已较普遍,近年来右美托咪啶的应用日益推广,本文针对三种药物使用靶控输注系统在清醒插管中的应用综述了近几年的研究进展。     

沉默信息调节因子2在瑞芬太尼诱发的大鼠切口痛觉过敏中的作用及其机制研究

摘要 目的：探讨沉默信息调节因子2（Sirt2）在瑞芬太尼诱发的大鼠切口痛觉过敏中的作用及其机制。方法：18只SD大鼠采用随机数字表法分为I组（切口组,n=6）,RI组（瑞芬太尼+切口组,n=6）和RI+Sirt2过表达组（瑞芬太尼+切口+Sirt2过表达组,n=6）。I组在大鼠足底制作切口痛模型的同时在腹部注射等容量生理盐水30 min,RI组和RI+Sirt2过表达组在足底进行切口痛模型制作的同时并泵注瑞芬太尼30 min,RI+Sirt2过表达组在脊髓水平提前1周注射Sirt2过表达慢病毒处理。各组大鼠分别于泵注瑞芬太尼或生理盐水术前24 h,泵注结束后2 h、6 h、24 h和48 h测定机械刺激缩足反应阈值（MWT）及热缩足潜伏期（TWL）。行为学测试结束后处死大鼠,取L_3-5脊髓节段,采用蛋白免疫印迹（Western blot）法检测Sirt2表达,超氧化物歧化酶2（SOD2）活性采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）法测定,超氧阴离子水平和NADPH氧化酶活性采用化学发光法测定。结果：各组大鼠MWT和TWL的时间效应（F=683.602,624.033,均P<0.001）和组别×时间交互效应显著（F=9.142,4.550,均P<0.001）,说明MWT和TWL有随时间变化的趋势并且时间因素的作用有随组别的不同而不同,组间比较差异有统计学意义（F=93.157,25.176,均P<0.001）。与I组比较,RI组T_1-4时MWT降低,TWL缩短（P<0.05）;RI+Sirt2过表达组T₂、T₄时间点MWT降低,T_2-4时间点TWL缩短（P<0.05）。与RI组比较,RI+Sirt2过表达组T_3-4时间点MWT升高,T_2-4时间点TWL延长（P<0.05）。三组大鼠Sirt2蛋白表达比较差异有统计学意义（F=265.643,P<0.001）;与I组比较,RI组和RI+Sirt2过表达组术后48 h脊髓组织Sirt2表达水平减少（P<0.05）;与RI组比较,RI+Sirt2过表达组术后48 h脊髓组织Sirt2表达水平增加（P<0.05）。三组大鼠脊髓组织SOD2活性、NADPH氧化酶活性、超氧化物阴离子表达比较差异有统计学意义（F=13.543,14.813,19.675,均P<0.001）;与I组比较,RI组和RI+Sirt2过表达组术后48 h脊髓组织SOD2活性水平降低,NADPH氧化酶活性和超氧化物阴离子水平增加（P<0.05）;与RI组比较,RI+Sirt2过表达组术后48 h脊髓组织SOD2活性水平增加,NADPH氧化酶活性和超氧化物阴离子减低（P<0.05）。结论：Sirt2通过调节氧化应激水平参与瑞芬太尼诱发切口痛大鼠痛觉过敏过程。