An ordination study to view vegetation structure dynamics in disturbed and undisturbed mangrove forests in Kenya and Sri Lanka

The mangrove vegetation of a disturbed and undisturbed site in bothKenya and Sri Lanka was investigated in the field for three vegetation layers:adult trees, young trees, and juvenile trees. A minimum of 25 sample points, inwhich the vegetation was described and environmental factors (salinity, lightintensity, land/water ratio, abundance of herbivorous crabs and snailabundance)were measured or estimated, were taken on each site. Detrended correspondenceanalysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were used tosummarize the data bulk, to investigate the vegetation dynamics(e.g., comparability of species distribution in the threevegetation layers), and/or to link the vegetation data to the environmentalfactors. Results showed that species clusters were relatively easy todelineate,whether mangrove zonation was present or not. Among the environmental factors,the abundance of propagule predators (mostly sesarmid crabs) contributedsignificantly to the variation in vegetation and could be an explanatoryparameter for the observed vegetation data in a majority of sites. In the sitewhere it was not, the most important factor in the ordination was theland/waterratio, which is important at the ecological level as well (link between waterlevel and vegetation dynamics). However, none of the environmental factorscouldsuccessfully explain the total variability in the vegetation data suggestingthat other, more determining factors exist. Our results further provideinformation on the dynamic or non-dynamic nature of a forest and on its abilityto rejuvenate, and may contribute to appropriate forestry management guidelinesin the future.     

SLEEP-WAKE SCHEDULE DISORDER DISABILITY: A LIFELONG UNTREATABLE PATHOLOGY OF THE CIRCADIAN TIME STRUCTURE

Certain sleep-wake schedule disorders (SWSDs) cannot be successfully managed clinically using conventional methods of sleep therapy. We describe two cases of SWSD, the first following head trauma and the second originating during childhood, that had been misdiagnosed by physicians for many years. After conventional treatment for SWSD with light therapy and melatonin failed to bring about substantial improvement, it was determined that they were suffering from an incurable disability. Hence, we propose new medical terminology for such cases—SWSD disability. SWSD disability is an untreatable pathology of the circadian time structure. Patients suffering from SWSD disability should be encouraged to accept the fact that they suffer from a permanent disability, and that their quality of life can only be improved if they are willing to undergo rehabilitation. It is imperative that physicians recognize the medical condition of SWSD disability in their patients and bring it to the notice of the public institutions responsible for vocational and social rehabilitation. (Chronobiology International, 18(6), 1019-1027, 2001)     

A Biomimetic Study of Discontinuous-Constraint Metamorphic Mechanism for Gecko-Like Robot

Locomotion ability, efficiency and reliability are key targets for a good robot. The linkage mechanism for robot locomotion is a discontinuous-constraint metamorphic mechanism. Here we set up equations to present the discontinuous-constraint, point out that driving and controlling are the key points to improve the performance and efficiency of the linkage mechanism. Inspired by controlling strategy of the motor nervous system in peripheral vertebrae to the locomotion, we draw off motor control and drive strategy.     

Design and Kinematic Analysis of a Novel Humanoid Robot Eye Using Pneumatic Artificial Muscles

This paper proposed a novel humanoid robot eye, which is driven by six Pneumatic Artificial Muscles （PAMs） and rotates with 3 Degree of Freedom （DOF）. The design of the mechanism and motion type of the robot eye are inspired by that of human eyes. The model of humanoid robot eye is established as a parallel mechanism, and the inverse-kinematic problem of this flexible tendons driving parallel system is solved by the analytical geometry method. As an extension, the simulation result for saccadic movement is presented under three conditions. The design and kinematic analysis of the prototype could be a sig- nificant step towards the goal of building an autonomous humanoid robot eye with the movement and especially the visual functions similar to that of human.     

腰椎间盘突出症康复治疗中腰部核心肌力训练的临床评估

为了系统评估腰椎间盘突出症患者康复治疗中腰部核心肌力训练治疗的临床疗效,本研究选取2012年1月至2014年1月研究者所在医院就诊的150例腰椎间盘突出症腰肌锻炼康复治疗患者,随机分成A、B两组。A组患者进行腰部核心肌力训练治疗,即核心肌力组;B组患者给予传统腰肌功能锻炼治疗,即传统腰肌锻炼组;康复治疗均在医生指导下进行,所有患者每天早晚各锻炼1次,每次持续15 min,共训练治疗12周。所有患者均定期随访,治疗后6周和12周分别通过VAS疼痛评分、JOA腰椎功能评分和ODI腰椎功能评分变化进行效果评价。治疗后6周,核心训练组VAS评分平均(5.0±1.5)分,JOA评分平均(21.4±2.6)分,ODI评分平均(29.5±8.0)分;但与传统腰肌训练组比较无明显差别(p>0.05);治疗后12周核心肌力锻炼组疼痛症状缓解明显,VAS平均(2.9±1.2)分;腰椎功能改善明显JOA评分平均(25.2±3.2)分,ODI评分平均(38.8±9.4)分;与传统腰肌训练组比较差异具有统计意义(p<0.05)。本研究说明腰肌核心肌力训练长期锻炼效果好于传统腰肌训练。     

Motor imagery

We describe general concepts about motor imagery and differences to motor execution. The problem of controlling what the subject actually does during imagery is emphasized. A major part of the chapter is dealing with mental training by imagery and the usage of motor imagination in athletes, musicians and during rehabilitation. Data of altered representations of the body after loss of afferent information and motor representation due to limb amputation or complete spinal cord injury are demonstrated and discussed. Finally we provide an outlook on additional work about motor imagery important for further understanding of the topic.     

术后穴位贴敷联合加速康复外科理念对腹腔镜肝切除术患者康复效果、胃肠功能和生命质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨术后穴位贴敷联合加速康复外科理念（ERAS）对腹腔镜肝切除术患者康复效果、胃肠功能和生命质量的影响。方法：根据双色球法,将2019年6月~2021年6月间在我院行腹腔镜肝切除术的104例肝癌患者分为对照组（应用ERAS治疗）和研究组（术后穴位贴敷联合ERAS治疗）,各为52例。对比两组术后康复效果、胃肠功能情况和生命质量。结果：研究组的住院时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。两组术后7 d谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）水平均升高,但研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组的排气时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、排便时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后3 d、术后7 d 胃动素（MTL）水平高于对照组,胃泌素（GAS）水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后1个月总体健康状况、功能领域评分高于对照组,单测项目、症状领域评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：ERAS联合术后穴位贴敷用于腹腔镜肝切除术患者,可提高术后康复效果,促进患者胃肠道功能恢复,改善患者的生命质量。     

微波理疗对阑尾炎术后切口康复效果及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨微波理疗对阑尾炎患者术后切口康复效果及生活质量的影响。方法:选取2017年8月到2018年12月期间在秦皇岛市第一医院进行阑尾炎手术治疗的患者120例,按数表法将患者随机分为对照组(n=60)和研究组(n=60)。对照组患者术后接受常规换药治疗,研究组患者术后给予微波理疗。比较两组患者的术后恢复指标[肠鸣音恢复时间、切口愈合时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间、视觉模拟评分(VAS)]、并发症发生情况[切口感染、切口脂肪液化、腹胀、切口疼痛]以及生活质量。结果:研究组患者的肠鸣音恢复时间、切口愈合时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间分别为(18.19±3.57)h、(7.12±1.03)d、(21.42±3.54)h、(12.17±4.03)d,均短于对照组的(21.36±4.26)h、(8.09±1.36)d、(23.19±4.63)h、(14.39±4.62)d,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组的VAS评分为(3.56±1.05)分,低于对照组的(4.78±1.24)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组患者的切口感染、切口脂肪液化、腹胀、切口疼痛等并发症发生率为3.33%、8.33%、10.00%、16.67%,均低于对照组的16.67%、28.33%、23.33%、36.67%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组患者的肠道症状、全身症状、情感功能的得分以及总分为(48.31±5.03)分、(46.39±4.87)分、(49.33±4.42)分、(187.97±12.21)分,均高于对照组的(44.15±4.26)分、(42.17±5.02)分、(45.02±3.94)分、(174.02±10.32)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组患者的社会功能得分比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:微波理疗可有效促进阑尾炎患者术后康复,减轻患者术后疼痛程度,降低术后并发症的发生率,并可有效改善患者术后的生活质量。     

上肢康复机器人联合等速肌力训练对脑卒中恢复期偏瘫患者的康复效果研究

摘要 目的：探讨等速肌力训练联合上肢康复机器人在脑卒中恢复期偏瘫患者中的应用效果。方法：根据随机数字表法,将2020年1月-2022年12月期间合肥市第二人民医院收治的136例脑卒中恢复期偏瘫患者分为对照组（n=68,等速肌力训练）与观察组（n=68,等速肌力训练联合上肢康复机器人干预）。两组均干预3周,观察两组Fugl-Meyer上肢运动功能量表（FMA-UL）评分、改良Barthel指数（MBI）评分、偏瘫Brunnstrom分级、表面肌电图相关指标和生活质量评分变化情况。结果：观察组干预3周后FMA-UL、MBI评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组干预3周后IV级患者例数多于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组干预3周后肱二头肌、肱三头肌、三角肌前束、三角肌中束的均方根值（RMS）和积分肌电值（iEMG）高于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组干预3周后生理职能、躯体疼痛、生理功能、总体健康、精神健康、活力、情感职能、社会功能各维度评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：脑卒中恢复期偏瘫患者经等速肌力训练、上肢康复机器人联合干预,可促进偏瘫上肢肌肉激活和运动单位募集同步化,改善上肢肌力,提高患者的生活质量。     

经颅直流电刺激干预联合康复训练对痉挛型脑瘫患儿精细运动功能的影响

摘要 目的：探究经颅直流电刺激干预联合康复训练对痉挛型脑瘫患儿精细运动功能的影响。方法：选取2020年7月至2022年6月在我院儿童康复科收治的痉挛型脑瘫患儿116例为研究对象,按随机数字表法将患儿随机分为观察组、对照组,每组58例,对照组采用常规康复训练,观察组在对照组的基础上采用tDCS治疗。采用采用关节活动度量角器测定腕关节背伸关节活动度(AROM) ,采用脑瘫患儿精细运动功能测试量表（FMFM）评估患儿的双上肢精细操作能力,采用Peabody 精细运动发育量表(PDMS-FM)评定双手精细运动功能,采用改良Ashworth肌张力评定量表(MAS)评估患儿患侧上肢肘关节肌张力状况,比较两组治疗前后的各项指标差异变化。结果：治疗后两组患儿AROM评分较治疗前均显著增加,且观察组AROM评分显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗后两组患儿FMFM评分较治疗前均显著增加,且观察组FMFM评分显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗后两组患儿FMQ评分较治疗前均显著增加,且观察组FMQ评分显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗后两组患儿MAS评分较治疗前均显著降低,且观察组MAS评分显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：经颅直流电刺激干预联合康复训练可以显著改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿腕关节背伸关节活动度、双上肢精细操作能力、双手精细运动功能和患侧上肢肘关节肌张力,对精细运动功能具有改善作用。