A quick and efficient system for antibiotic-free expression of heterologous genes in tobacco roots

Requirement for antibiotic-resistance selection markers and difficulty in identifying transgenes with the highest expression levels remain the major obstacles for rapid production of recombinant proteins in plants. An alternative approach to producing transgenic plants free of antibiotic-resistance markers is the phenotypic-based selection with root-proliferation genes (rol genes) of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. By using Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring the pRYG transformation vector with a cluster of rol genes linked to a heterologous gene of interest, we have developed a rapid transformation tool using hairy root formation as a selection marker. The expression of -glucuronidase in newly induced transgenic tobacco roots could be detected as early as 12 days after inoculation. Higher levels of transgene expression in the roots correlated positively with the rates of root elongation on hormone-free medium and thus could be used for positive selection. When tobacco plants were transformed with pRYG harboring the expression cassette for secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP), the release of SEAP from roots of the fully regenerated transgenic plants could be quantified at rates as high as 28 g/g root dry weight per day.Abbreviations GUS: -Glucuronidase - SEAP: Secreted alkaline phosphatase - rolABC: Cluster of rolA, rolB, and rolC genesCommunicated by A. Altman     

Secretion of recombinant proteins from E. coli

The microorganism Escherichia coli is commonly used for recombinant protein production. Despite several advantageous characteristics like fast growth and high protein yields, its inability to easily secrete recombinant proteins into the extracellular medium remains a drawback for industrial production processes. To overcome this limitation, a multitude of approaches to enhance the extracellular yield and the secretion efficiency of recombinant proteins have been developed in recent years. Here, a comprehensive overview of secretion mechanisms for recombinant proteins from E. coli is given and divided into three main sections. First, the structure of the E. coli cell envelope and the known natural secretion systems are described. Second, the use and optimization of different one‐ or two‐step secretion systems for recombinant protein production, as well as further permeabilization methods are discussed. Finally, the often‐overlooked role of cell lysis in secretion studies and its analysis are addressed. So far, effective approaches for increasing the extracellular protein concentration to more than 10 g/L and almost 100% secretion efficiency exist, however, the large range of optimization methods and their combinations suggests that the potential for secretory protein production from E. coli has not yet been fully realized.     

心脉隆注射液联合重组人脑钠肽治疗慢性心衰患者的临床观察

目的:探讨心脉隆注射液联合重组人脑钠肽治疗慢性心衰患者的临床效果及对患者心功能、血清N端脑钠肽前体(N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide, NT-proBNP)、胶原、一氧化氮(Nitric oxide, NO)、内皮素-1(endothelin-1, ET-1)水平的影响。方法:选择2015年1月至2017年5月在我院治疗的慢性心衰患者80例,根据随机数字法将其分为对照组和观察组。对照组采用重组人脑钠肽静脉治疗,观察组在此基础上加用心脉隆注射液,治疗14天。观察和比较两组患者治疗前后的心功能指标、血清NT-proBNP、胶原、NO、ET-1水平的变化、临床疗效及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率为97.5%,显著高于对照组(82.5%,P0.05)。治疗前,两组左心射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF)、每搏输出量(SV, Stroke volume)、心脏指数(CI, Cardiac index)、心率(HR, heart rate)、血清NT-proBNP、NO、ET-1、胶原水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组LVEF、SV、CI、NO均较治疗前明显升高(P0.05),血清NT-proBNP、ET-1、胶原水平均较治疗前明显下降(P0.05),且观察组治疗前后各指标的变化幅度均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。在治疗过程中,对照组出现1例低血压,2例头疼,1例恶心,不良反应发生率为10%;观察组出现1例头痛,不良反应发生率为2.5%,但两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:心脉隆注射液联合重组人脑钠肽治疗慢性心衰的临床疗效显著优于重组人脑钠肽静脉治疗,其可有效降低患者血清NT-proBNP、胶原、ET-1的水平并升高血清NO的水平、改善患者心功能,且安全性更高。     

使用富血小板血浆对下肢慢性创面缺损的临床研究分析

目的:研究和探讨使用富血小板血浆(platelet-rich plasma, PRP)在人体下肢慢性创面缺损中的治疗作用,并试图寻找更佳的治疗皮肤慢性缺损的治疗方式。方法:对2016.03-2017.03一年以来在我科治疗,明确诊断为慢性创面缺损的,经纳入和排除标准筛选的共计16名患者进行分析。将其分为实验组(8人)与对照组(8人)。实验组通过对静脉血(肘部)进行抽取离心来制备富血小板血浆并加以覆盖。对照组则使用重组人表皮生长因子进行替代。两组患者均以7天为一疗程,进行换药和更换辅料。比较两组患者的创面愈合情况并比较其血液指标。结果:实验组患者在治疗后1周时观察创面,发现创面无明显渗出及感染征象,其面积缩小约1/4。对照组在1周后进行观察,发现1例有感染可能,给予再次清创并使用抗生素后辅料包扎。其余患者创面肉芽生长可,面积缩小约1/6。在治疗2周后再次进行观察,发现实验组患者创面面积缩小约2/3。而对照组患者面积缩小约1/4。在治疗后3周时,实验组所有患者创面已基本愈合85%以上。在延迟治疗1-2周后该组患者全部愈合。对照组患者在治疗3周后有两例患者愈合面积在50%以上。给予继续使用该治疗方法。剩余6例患者接受外科治疗(VSD+植皮/皮瓣)。实验组患者在各治疗观察点皮肤愈合情况较对照组均有显著改善(P0.05)。两组所有患者均未出现严重并发症。结论:对于下肢慢性创面,使用富血小板血浆进行治疗,能够有效的促进创面愈合,减少手术及外科治疗的风险,降低治疗费用,且相对安全,具有非常重要的临床推广价值。     

重组人生长激素治疗儿童特发性矮小症的疗效及对血清Ghrelin和IGF-1水平的影响

目的:探讨重组人生长激素(rhGH)治疗儿童特发性矮小症(ISS)的疗效及对血清饥饿激素(Ghrelin)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平的影响。方法:选取2014年1月-2016年8月期间我院收治的ISS患儿114例为研究对象。按照随机数字表法分为实验组(n=57)与对照组(n=57)。其中对照组给予常规治疗,实验组在对照组基础上联合rhGH治疗,两组疗程均为12个月。比较两组患儿的临床疗效,同时观察并对比两组患儿治疗前后血清Ghrelin以及IGF-1水平。结果:治疗后两组患儿身高、生长速率均较治疗前升高,且实验组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组患儿体重、总甲状腺素、骨龄、空腹血糖水平较治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组患儿血清Ghrelin水平较治疗前降低,且实验组低于对照组,血清IGF-1水平较治疗前升高,且实验组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组不良反应发生率为5.26%,与对照组的0.00%比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:ISS患儿应用rhGH治疗效果满意,可明显改善ISS患儿体内血清IGF-1、Ghrelin水平,安全无副作用,促进患儿健康成长。     

结核杆菌活动期高表达基因Rv1776c的克隆及其在耻垢分枝杆菌中的表达

目的构建表达结核分枝杆菌Rv1776c基因的重组耻垢分支杆菌,并鉴定该基因在重组耻垢分支杆菌中的活性。方法采用PCR技术克隆结核分枝杆菌Rv1776c基因,构建大肠埃希菌-分支杆菌穿梭表达质粒pMV-Rv1776c,通过酶切和测序鉴定其正确性,用电穿孔法将重组质粒转染到耻垢分支杆菌mc^2155中。以SDS-PAGE及Western blot检测证实Rv1776c蛋白在重组耻垢分支杆菌内的表达。结果重组耻垢分支杆菌构建成功,生长曲线说明重组质粒不会影响耻垢分支杆菌的体外生长;SDSPAGE及Western blot检测证实Rv1776c在耻垢分枝杆菌内表达出相对分子量约56kD的Rv1776c蛋白。结论成功构建了Rv1776c基因的穿梭质粒pMV-Rv1776c,且该质粒在耻垢分枝杆菌内具有生物活性,为进一步研究其表达产物的功能提供基础。     

Effects of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2 on ascites formation and the survival time of nude mice bearing human ovarian cancer cells

 The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.) instillations of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and/or interleukin-2 (IL-2) on ascites formation and the survival time of nude mice with malignant ascites, produced by i.p. inoculation of human ovarian cancer cells. When the nude mice were treated with medium alone, ascites was observed in all mice 28 days after tumor inoculation. When the mice were treated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) alone, G-CSF alone or IL-2 alone, it took 35 days for the ascites to form in all mice. When cisplatin was combined with G-CSF or IL-2, one of ten mice did not form ascites during the observation period. Surprisingly, when G-CSF and IL-2 were simultaneously administered, ascites formation was not observed in any mice. Although i.p. treatment with cisplatin alone significantly prolonged the survival time, compared to medium alone, the lytic activity of spleen cells against HRA cells was significantly suppressed. When G-CSF or IL-2 was combined with cisplatin, the suppression by cisplatin was eliminated and subsequently resulted in a prolongation of the survival time. When G-CSF was combined with IL-2, both the peritoneal and splenic macrophages/monocytes were stimulated and the splenic lytic activity was about double that following treatment with G-CSF alone on IL-2 alone, suggesting that complete inhibition of ascites formation results not only from a significant increase of the peritoneal macrophages but also from enhancement of the lytic activity. Two mice, died from dissemination of tumor in the abdominal cavity, but eight mice survived without tumor for more than 90 days. As confirmed by monitoring body weight and hematocrit, G-CSF and IL-2 seemed to have no adverse effect. From these results, we conclude that a combination therapy with G-CSF and IL-2 might be of clinical use for inhibiting large amounts of ascites, which may inhibit therapeutic effects for ovarian cancer patients. Received: 20 May 1996 / Accepted: 19 September 1996     

Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin: proCyaA and CyaC proteins synthesised separately in Escherichia coli produce active toxin in vitro

Bordetella pertussis produces a cell-invasive adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) which is related to the RTX family of pore-forming toxins. Like all RTX toxins, CyaA is synthesised as a protoxin (proCyaA), encoded by the cyaA gene. Activation to the mature cell-invasive toxin involves palmitoylation of lysine 983 and is dependent on co-expression of cyaC. The role of the cyaC gene product in the acylation reaction has not been determined. We have developed an efficient T7 RNA polymerase system for over-expression of cyaA and cyaC separately in Escherichia coli. Each protein accumulated intracellularly in an insoluble form and could be collected by centrifugation of lysed cells. A single-step purification was achieved by extraction of the aggregated material with 8 M urea. Active cell-invasive CyaA was produced in vitro when the proCyaA and CyaC proteins were mixed with a cytosolic extract of either E. coli or B. pertussis. Activation was assumed to occur by an acylation reaction requiring acyl carrier protein (ACP) as cofactor, as the cytosolic factor required for toxin activation was lost if the S100 extract was dialysed before use and the cytosolic factor could be replaced in the in vitro reaction by ACP charged separately in vitro with palmitic acid, as reported previously for activation of the homologous E. coli haemolysin (HIyA). The in vitro activation system may be used to investigate the mechanism of the CyaC-dependent acylation of proCyaA and the effect of variation of the modifying fatty acyl group on target cell specificity and toxic activity of CyaA     

Ethanol production and fermentation characteristics of recombinant saccharomyces cerevisiae strains grown on starch

The production of ethanol from starch has been investigated in three genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains (YPG/AB, YPG/MM, and YPB-G). Two of the three strains produce the Aspergillus awamori glucoamylase together with either the Bacillus subtilis (YPG/AB) or the mouse (YPG/MM) α-amylase as separately secreted polypeptides. YPB-G, on the other hand, secretes a bifunctional fusion protein that contains both the B. subtilis α-amylase and the A. awamori glucoamylase activities. Substrate utilization, biomass growth, and ethanol production were all studied in both starch- and glucose-containing media. Much higher growth rates were found when any of the three strains were grown on glucose. YPG/AB showed the most efficient utilization of starch for ethanol production with the lowest levels of reducing sugars accumulating in the medium. The superior performance of YPG/AB as compared to YPB-G was found to correlate with its higher level of α-amylase activity. The ethanol production levels of YPG/AB in starch- and glucose-containing media were found to be comparable. YPB-G, which secretes the bifunctional fusion protein, could produce ethanol in media with starch concentrations above 100 g l⁻¹ while YPG/MM did not produce ethanol from starch because of its negligible secretion of glucoamylase.     

大肠杆菌发酵重组人白细胞介素—2的高密度表达

利用美国NBS公司BibFloⅢ型发酵罐,采用连续流加的方法培养能表达IL-2的E．coli,结果细菌温重达100g／L发酵液,IL－2活性达1．52×1010U／L发酵液。