福建省三明市罗卜岩自然保护区种子植物区系初步研究

三明市罗卜岩自然保护区地处中亚热带,植物资源丰富。初步调查,保护区内现有种子植物127科,340属,595种(含种下等级),其中珍稀濒危植物10种。本区植物区系以泛热带分布成份占优势,其次为东亚、北温带和热带分布成份。同时,本区植物区系与武夷山植物区系密切相关。     

The reproductive biology and effective pollinators of the endangered beardtonguePenstemon penlandii (Scrophulariaceae)

Penland's beardtongue, a rare endemic plant of the Colorado Plateau, displays a mixed breeding system. Plants are partially self-compatible but set more fruits when cross-pollinated than when self-pollinated. Fruit production is significantly increased by pollinators. However, in two years of study there was no indication that fruit set was being limited by inadequate pollinator visitation. Pollinator effectiveness was judged by correlating bee behavior at the flowers with analysis of the pollen carried on bee bodies. The most important pollinators were native megachilid bees, particularly in the genusOsmia. The bees that pollinate Penland's beardtongue are essential to its reproduction and must be preserved along with this rare plant.     

Regeneration of plants from seed-derived callus of Hybanthus enneaspermus L. Muell., a rare ethnobotanical herb

A procedure was developed for plant regeneration of Hybanthus enneaspermus, a rare ethnobotanical herb from the Deccan peninsula in India, through seed-derived callus. Seeds demonstrated a high induction frequency (69.4±2.8%) and a high yield (364.4±2.5 mg) of light-yellow friable callus on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium containing 2.6 μm NAA and 2.2 μm BA within 4 weeks of incubation. After 1 year of subculture, yellow friable and light-green compact calli types were established from initial light-yellow friable callus. Shoot differentiation was achieved from light-green compact callus, but not from yellow friable callus. Shoot differentiation resulted when light-green compact callus was transferred to MS medium supplemented with 8.8 μm BA and 2.6 μm NAA; the highest percentage of calli forming shoots (66.6±4.8%) and the highest number of shoots (8.9±0.3) were achieved in this medium. Differentiated shoot buds elongated to 4–5 cm within 4 weeks. The addition of casein hydrolysate (500 mg/l) and more potassium phosphate (1.86 mm) to the culture medium enhanced shoot differentiation. Rooting was achieved on the shoots using half-strength MS medium containing 4.8 μm IBA. About 70% of the plants were established in pots containing pure garden soil after 2 weeks of hardening. The regenerated plants were morphologically uniform and exhibited normal seed set. Received: 23 July 1998 / Revision received: 18 November 1998 / Accepted: 26 November 1998     

Characteristics and Conservation Priority of Rare and Endangered Plants in the Yangtse River Valley

127 rare and endangered species listed in 《China Plant Red Data Book》 were found in Yangtse River valley. 1/3 of them belonged to 4 families with high economic values such as Pinaceae, Magnoliaceae, Lauraceae and Ranuculanceae. Of all the plants, 66.93 % existed in forests and 71.65 % were threatened with damage of habitats. The rare and endangered plants in the studied region formed a geographical pattern with 2 distribution areas and 6 small distribution centers. The 2 areas were in the high mountains in western Sichuan and northern Yunnan or around the Sichuan Basin. The 6 centers included the fragmented montane forests in the eastern part of the valley. These showed that human activities were the main factor threatening the survival of plants, and preserving forests were the effective approach to save the rare and endangered plants in the valley. Takings≤ 10 as the number of population in a unit of area for categorizing the endangered plants is basically in accord with the criterion defined in the 《China Plant Red Data Book》. Thus the rare and endangered plants in the valley could be divided into 5 ranks for priority conservation. The plants in the first rank composed cf 8 endemic species natively grown the valley with only one population for which effective measures should be taken for active preservation.     

Distribution of Rare Earth Elements and Structure Characterization of Chlorophyll-Lanthanum in a Natural Plant Fern Dicranopteris dichotoma

The distribution pattern of La, Ce, Nd, Th, Dy was in the order as leaf > root > stem, that of Pr, Sm, Eu, Cd, Ho, Y was as root > leaf > stem in fern Dicranopteris dichotoma Underw. Light and moderately heavy rare earth elements were easily selectively absorbed and then accumulated by the fern D. dichotoma. Many mainly light rare earth elements are bound to chlorophyll in D. dichotoma. Among the 15 detectable rare earth elements binding to chlorophyll, lanthanum content (50.08 % ) was the highest, and cerium content (19.40%) is the second of all. FXAFS (Fluorescence X-ray absorption fine structure) spectral analysis revealed that lanthanum coordinated 2 porphyrin rings and La-chlorophyll-a may have bilayer structure in D.d/chotoma.     

倪氏复口吸虫在稀有鮈鲫体内的移行及对其耳石微结构的影响

倪氏复口吸虫是我国淡水鱼类的一种常见的危害严重的寄生虫。利用稀有鮈鲫作为寄主,研究了倪氏复口吸虫在其体内的移行途径,并观察了复口吸虫的感染是否在寄主耳石上留下标记轮。倪氏复口吸虫尾蚴从稀有鮈鲫体表的各个部位侵入,但主要集中在头部,侵入体内的尾蚴通过肌肉和结缔组织直接进入眼球。感染倪氏复口吸虫的稀有鮈鲫耳石表面微结构发生变化,部分鱼耳石上出现明显的标记轮。     

感耦等离子体发射光谱法研究土壤—铁芒萁系统中稀土元素的分布、累积和迁移特征

用感耦等离子体发射光谱法（ICP－AES）测定了东西赣南地区非稀土矿区和4处不同稀土矿区内,土壤－铁芒萁系统中La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gd、Dy、Yb和Y的含量,并对其在土壤剖面层及铁芒萁植物体内的分布、迁移特征进行了研究,结果表明,土训层的底土层含量最高,但表土层铈相对富集、稀土元素总量（∑REE）在铁芒萁植物体内的分布规律是叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄,单一稀土的分布规律各异,La、Ce、Pr、Nd的分布规律表现为：叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄;Sm和Gd在不同采样点表现为叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄或根＞叶＞茎＞叶柄;Dy、Yb和Y均有3种不同的分布模式：叶＞根＞茎＞叶柄、根＞叶＞茎＞叶柄及根＞茎＞叶＞叶柄,稀土元素在铁芒萁体内的迁移过程中,发生了明显的分馏作用,茎、叶柄、叶中的重稀土相对贫乏。     

长白山区野生草本观赏花卉调查

长白山区野生草本花卉有 98科 31 5属 60 1种 73变种。其中宿根花卉 40 8种 ,球根花卉 82种 ,一、二年生花卉 68种 ,草质藤本花卉 43种 ,珍稀濒危花卉 43种。长白山区草本花卉的丰富度依次为安图、抚松、长白、临江、和龙、敦化、汪清、珲春、通化、集安等 ,海拔 45 0m以下和 45 0～1 0 0 0m的地段花卉植物较为丰富 ,珍稀花卉主要集中在海拔 2 0 0 0～ 2 30 0m和 1 80 0～ 2 0 0 0m两个地段。按花色分类 ,则以橙黄花种类最为丰富 ( 1 2 2种 )、紫蓝色花次之 ( 1 1 7种 )、白花较少 ( 97种 )、红花最少 ( 95种 )。