Synthesis and inhibitory activity of deoxy-d-allose amide derivative against plant growth

1,2,6-Trideoxy-6-amido-d-allose derivative was synthesized and found to exhibit higher growth-inhibitory activity against plants than the corresponding deoxy-d-allose ester, which indicates that an amide group at C-6 of the deoxy-d-allose amide enhances inhibitory activity. In addition, the mode of action of the deoxy-d-allose amide was significantly different from that of d-allose which inhibits gibberellin signaling. Co-addition of gibberellin GA₃ restored the growth of rice seedlings inhibited by the deoxy-d-allose amide, suggesting that it might inhibit biosynthesis of gibberellins in plants to induce growth inhibition.     

湖北及其邻近地区珍稀濒危植物保护的研究

在调查和进行保护研究的基础上,提出了湖北及其邻近地区珍稀濒危植物的种类、分布、保护现状和进一步开展研究的意见。     

江西珍稀濒危药用植物分级标准的研究

以江西省受威胁的３２种药用植物为研究对象,制定出江西省珍稀濒危药用植物保护的定量化分级标准。经过一系列评价标准的定量化及权得分配处理,以求得药用植物种的“濒危系数”和“Ｑ刀切保护值”,然后确定药用植物的受威胁程度和急切的保护的序列。     

癸培养基的研制及在小麦花药培养中的应用研究

在多年的小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)花药培养育种及对多种培养基应用研究的基础上,从调整培养基的大量元素和微量元素入手,建立了癸培养基。经过L_(16)(4~5)正交实验,筛选出NH_4N0_3、KNQ_3、MgSO_4、MnSO_4在培养基中较优的配比。在培养基对比实验中,癸培养基的愈伤组织平均诱导率分别比C_(17)、W_(14)、N_6培养基提高了30.31％、50.60％和57.96％,且对不同的杂交组合都能表现出优越性。在癸培养基中附加0.9mg/L REA(rare eaxth addition,稀土元素附加剂),可使小麦花药愈伤组织诱导率提高54.25％～64.07％,并对愈伤组织的生长有促进作用。     

Revealing turning points in ecosystem functioning over the Northern Eurasian agricultural frontier

The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 has been a turning point in the World history that left a unique footprint on the Northern Eurasian ecosystems. Conducting large scale mapping of environmental change and separating between naturogenic and anthropogenic drivers is a difficult endeavor in such highly complex systems. In this research a piece‐wise linear regression method was used for breakpoint detection in Rain‐Use Efficiency (RUE) time series and a classification of ecosystem response types was produced. Supported by earth observation data, field data, and expert knowledge, this study provides empirical evidence regarding the occurrence of drastic changes in RUE (assessment of the timing, the direction and the significance of these changes) in Northern Eurasian ecosystems between 1982 and 2011. About 36% of the study area (3.4 million km²) showed significant (P < 0.05) trends and/or turning points in RUE during the observation period. A large proportion of detected turning points in RUE occurred around the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 and in the following years which were attributed to widespread agricultural land abandonment. Our study also showed that recurrent droughts deeply affected vegetation productivity throughout the observation period, with a general worsening of the drought conditions in recent years. Moreover, recent human‐induced turning points in ecosystem functioning were detected and attributed to ongoing recultivation and change in irrigation practices in the Volgograd region, and to increased salinization and increased grazing intensity around Lake Balkhash. The ecosystem‐state assessment method introduced here proved to be a valuable support that highlighted hotspots of potentially altered ecosystems and allowed for disentangling human from climatic disturbances.     

Insecticidal effect of the combined application of spinosad,Beauveria bassiana and diatomaceous earth for the control of Tribolium confusum

Laboratory bioassays were carried out to evaluate the insecticidal effect of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) germinated conidia, a commercial formulation of diatomaceous earth and a liquid formulation of spinosad, applied alone or in all possible combinations on wheat, against adults of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Diatomaceous earth was applied at one (200 ppm), the fungus at two (100 and 300 ppm) and spinosad at three (0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 ppm) dose rates, whereas all combinations of two or three of the insecticide concentrations were also tested. Insect mortality was determined after 2, 7 and 14 d of exposure. The simultaneous use of B. bassiana germinated conidia with diatomaceous earth notably increased mortality of T. confusum adults by sixfold 7 d after exposure, as compared with either B. bassiana or diatomaceous earth alone. When diatomaceous earth and spinosad were combined, diatomaceous earth did not increase the efficacy of spinosad. In general, the combination of all three agents did not differ from either the application of the agents tested alone, or their binary combinations, in most treatments examined.     

Investigation of UV‐emitting Gd3+‐doped LiCaBO3 phosphor

Incorporating the Gd³⁺ rare earth ion in the LiCaBO₃ host lattice resulted in narrow‐band UV‐B emission peaking at 315 nm, with excitation at 274 nm. The LiCaBO₃:Gd³⁺ phosphor was synthesized via the solid‐state diffusion method. The structural, morphological and luminescence properties of this phosphor were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) characterization of the as‐prepared phosphors is also reported here. XRD studies confirmed the crystal formation and phase purity of the prepared phosphors. A series of different dopant concentrations was synthesized and the concentration‐quenching effect was studied. Critical energy transfer distance between activator ions was determined and the mechanism governing the concentration quenching is also reported in this paper. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

湖北的珍贵稀有植物

本文论述湖北的珍贵稀有植物108种,分为四级,一级的3种,二级23种,三级27种,四级55种,为我省植物资源的保护和合理利用提供资料。     

Structural studies on HCN oligomers

Summary NMR spectral studies on the HCN oligomers suggest the presence of carboxamide and urea groupings. The release of CO₂, H₂O, HCN, CH₃CN, HCONH₂ and pyridine on pyrolysis is consistent with the presence of these groupings as well as carboxylic acid groups. No basic primary amine groupings could be detected with fluorescamine. Hydrazinolysis of the HCN oligomers releases 10% of the amino acids normally released by acid hydrolysis. The oligomers give a positive biuret test but this is not due to the presence of peptide bonds. There is no conclusive evidence for the presence of peptide bonds in the HCN oligomers. No diglycine was detected on partial hydrolysis of the HCN oligomers at pH 8.5 suggesting that HCN oligomers were not a source of prebiotic peptides.Chemical Evolution 38. For the previous papers see Ferris JP, Rao RV, Newton TA (1979). J Org Chem 44:4378–4381, 4381–4385; Ferris JP, Edelson EH, Mount NM, Sullivan AE (1979) J Mol Evol 13:317–330     

A comparison of levels of genetic polymorphism and self-compatibility in geographically restricted and widespread plant congeners

Summary Evolutionary theory predicts low levels of genetic polymorphism and high levels of self-compatibility in plant species with small ranges and few individuals. To test these predictions, I compared published data on electrophoretically detectable genetic variation and breeding systems for geographically restricted and widespread congeners in eleven genera. The restricted species exhibit significantly fewer polymorphic loci and alleles per polymorphic locus than do their widespread congeners. Although some rare species are genetically impoverished, others are nearly as polymorphic as their widespread congeners. The restricted species and their widespread congeners do not differ consistently with respect to breeding systems.