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1.
Second virial coefficient of alpha-crystallin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Light scattering studies were performed on bovine alpha-crystallin measuring the scattering intensities as a function of scattering angle, concentration, and temperature. The data yielded the molecular weight, radius of gyration, and second virial coefficient of alpha-crystallin at different temperatures. The second virial coefficient increased with increasing temperature. Both the enthalpy and entropy of solution of alpha-crystallin are positive. The Flory theta temperature was found to be 271 K. 相似文献
2.
Nipecotic acid is one of the most potent competitive inhibitors and alternative substrates for the high-affinity -aminobutyric acid transport system in neurons, but the structural basis of this potency is unclear. Because -aminobutyrate is a highly flexible molecule in solution, it would be expected to lose rotational entropy upon binding to the transport system, a change which does not favor binding. Nipecotic acid, in contrast, is a much less flexible molecule, and one would expect the loss of conformational entropy upon binding to be smaller thus favoring the binding of nipecotic acid over -aminobutyric acid. To investigate this possibility, the thermodynamic parameters, G°, H°, and S°, were determined for the binding of -aminobutyrate and nipecotic acid to the high affinity GABA transport system in synaptosomes. In keeping with expectations, the apparent entropy change for nipecotic acid binding (112±13 J·K–1) was more favorable than the apparent entropy change for -aminobutyric acid binding (61.3±6.6 J·K–1). The results suggest that restricted conformation per se is an important contributory factor to the affinity of nipecotic acid for the high-affinity transport system for -aminobutyric acid.This work was conducted when both authors were at the Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park.Special issue dedicated to Dr. Elling Kvamme. 相似文献
3.
本文从物质和能量交换的角度,运用非平衡态热力学超熵产生理论,分析了寒害定态的稳定性,并建立了超熵产生判据.理论分析所得的结论与实验结果基本相符. 相似文献
4.
Insights into the local residual entropy of proteins provided by NMR relaxation. 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1
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Z. Li S. Raychaudhuri A. J. Wand 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》1996,5(12):2647-2650
A simple model is used to illustrate the relationship between the dynamics measured by NMR relaxation methods and the local residual entropy of proteins. The expected local dynamic behavior of well-packed extended amino acid side chains are described by employing a one-dimensional vibrator that encapsulates both the spatial and temporal character of the motion. This model is then related to entropy and to the generalized order parameter of the popular "model-free" treatment often used in the analysis of NMR relaxation data. Simulations indicate that order parameters observed for the methyl symmetry axes in, for example, human ubiquitin correspond to significant local entropies. These observations have obvious significance for the issue of the physical basis of protein structure, dynamics, and stability. 相似文献
5.
适用于获取最优化配方的一种算法 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文应用印楝种仁提取物(F3)与敌敌畏混配为例,以斜纹夜蛾(Spodopteralitura)为目标害虫,介绍一种适用于获取最优化配方的算法,在二次通用回归旋转组合设计的基础上,经参数辨识,获取二次回归方程,经失拟性、回归显著性检验,本方程基本能够反映杀虫剂用量与斜纹夜蛾幼虫死亡机率值之间的关系.在害虫防治实践中,要求在防治费用最小的基础上,目标害虫有最大的死亡率.因此,以防治目标害虫的费用作为优化算法的目标函数,以害虫死亡机率值最大作为约束条件,有如下的一组优化算式为目标函数约束条件式中a1,a2分别为参试杀虫剂1,2最低用量,b1,b2则为相应的最高用量.C1,C2分别为杀虫剂1,2的单价,N1,N2为杀虫剂l,2的用量.Y为目标害虫死亡机率值回归方程.本文所依据的试验设计中,以对数函数关系变换编码值与使用浓度之间的关系,所以应用拉格朗日求极值原理求取最优化配方.由计算所得的混配比例与其他方法所获结果一致. 相似文献
6.
Information-theoretical entropy as a measure of sequence variability. 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
We propose the use of the information-theoretical entrophy, S = -sigman pi log2 pi, as a measure of variability at a given position in a set of aligned sequences. pi stands for the fraction of times the i-th type appears at a position. For protein sequences, the sum has up to 20 terms, for nucleotide sequences, up to 4 terms, and for codon sequences, up to 61 terms. We compare S and Vs, a related measure, in detail with Vk, the traditional measure of immunoglobulin sequence variability, both in the abstract and as applied to the immunoglobulins. We conclude that S has desirable mathematical properties that Vk lacks and has intuitive and statistical meanings that accord well with the notion of variability. We find that Vk and the S-based measures are highly correlated for the immunoglobulins. We show by analysis of sequence data and by means of a mathematical model that this correlation is due to a strong tendency for the frequency of occurrence of amino acid types at a given position to be log-linear. It is not known whether the immunoglobulins are typical or atypical of protein families in this regard, nor is the origin of the observed rank-frequency distribution obvious, although we discuss several possible etiologies. 相似文献
7.
Statistical analysis of the low-frequency (1.0 sec-1 and lower) neuronal impulse activity (IA) meets a few fundamental difficulties. Among them, the most significant is the small number of measurements (interspike intervals) recorded within an acceptable analysis epoch. In our study, we examined the possibility of using the normalized (by its maximum value) informational entropy (Hn) for estimation of the significance of changes in the IA generated by low-frequency neurons of the rostral hypothalamus after electrical stimulation of the prefrontal cortex. We compared the efficiencies of using the U-test (Kolmogorov–Mann–Whitney) and Hn estimate for the analysis of the same samples of neuronal responses. The results allow us to conclude that Hn is a significantly more acceptable estimate for detection of stimulation-induced modifications of the IA generated by low-frequency neurons, as compared with the U-test. The direction of shifts in the Hn value makes it possible to estimate the pattern of neuronal response. This value reflects the state of the neuron and correlates with the type of neuronal responses. 相似文献
8.
该文利用最大墒模型(Maxent)和地理信息系统(ArcGIS 10.3)软件对中国木姜子属(Litsea)四种资源植物在我国当代、未来(2061年—2080年)气候条件下的潜在分布区进行预测,并对其适宜区进行分析和划分。结果表明:山鸡椒(Litsea cubeba)适宜区广泛分布在长江以南区域,在未来时段2061年—2080年两种(RCP2.6、RCP8.5)二氧化碳浓度情景下适宜区面积分别减少4.9%和0.5%; 毛豹皮樟(L. coreana)适宜区主要分布在中亚热带及北亚热带区域,分布相对偏北,其在未来2061年—2080年两种二氧化碳浓度情景下适宜区面积分别增加5.6%和4.5%; 华南木姜子(L. greenmaniana)适宜区主要分布在我国南亚热带区域; 毛叶木姜子(L. mollis)适宜区广泛分布在亚热带区域。这两种树种在未来气候RCP2.6情景下适生面积减少1.0%和3.3%,在RCP8.5情景下减少5.6%和8.3%。上述结果说明木姜子属不同种由于生态习性差异对未来的气候变化的响应不尽相同,对这些植物引种栽培须考虑气候变化的影响。 相似文献
9.
《IRBM》2021,42(6):400-406
1) ObjectivePulmonary optical endomicroscopy (POE) is an imaging technology in real time. It allows to examine pulmonary alveoli at a microscopic level. Acquired in clinical settings, a POE image sequence can have as much as 25% of the sequence being uninformative frames (i.e. pure-noise and motion artifacts). For future data analysis, these uninformative frames must be first removed from the sequence. Therefore, the objective of our work is to develop an automatic detection method of uninformative images in endomicroscopy images.2) Material and methodsWe propose to take the detection problem as a classification one. Considering advantages of deep learning methods, a classifier based on CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) is designed with a new loss function based on Havrda-Charvat entropy which is a parametrical generalization of the Shannon entropy. We propose to use this formula to get a better hold on all sorts of data since it provides a model more stable than the Shannon entropy.3) ResultsOur method is tested on one POE dataset including 3895 distinct images and is showing better results than using Shannon entropy and behaves better with regard to the problem of overfitting. We obtain 70% of accuracy with Shannon entropy versus 77 to 79% with Havrda-Charvat.4) ConclusionWe can conclude that Havrda-Charvat entropy is better suited for restricted and or noisy datasets due to its generalized nature. It is also more suitable for classification in endomicroscopy datasets. 相似文献
10.