濒危高原植物羌活化学成分与生态因子的相关性

羌活（Notopterygii Rhizoma Et Radix） 是伞形科植物羌活（N. incisum）或宽叶羌活（N. franchetii）的干燥根茎和根,为濒危高原药用植物。考察羌活主产地生态气象因子对其主要化学成分含量的影响,探讨气象因子与羌活品质的关系。应用HPLC方法检测羌活醇,异欧前胡素2种主要化学成分含量。采用中国气象科学数据共享服务网平台获得不同产地的平均气压、年降水量、平均风速、日照时数、相对湿度、年平均温度、年最高温度、年最低温度等9个生态因子数据,通过偏最小二乘回归分析（PLS）、冗余分析（RDA）分析了其化学成分含量与生态因子之间的相关性。化学分析表明,羌活中羌活醇的含量高于异欧前胡素,而宽叶羌活中羌活醇含量低于异欧前胡素。经PLS及RDA分析,羌活中羌活醇与日照时数呈强正相关关系,其次是年降水量和海拔。异欧前胡素与年降水量呈强负相关关系,其次是温度。宽叶羌活中影响羌活醇含量的主导因子分别是海拔、年降水量,且都呈正相关。同时2个主导因子对异欧前胡素含量的影响呈负显著相关。因此日照时数、海拔、年降水量是影响羌活化学成分累积的主要因素,日照时数有利于羌活化学成分累积,在一定范围内,海拔越高,年降水量越大,越能促进羌活醇的积累,而不利于异欧前胡素含量富集。基于化学成分含量主成分分析（PCA）表明,羌活和宽叶羌活以四川产为最优。研究结果对保护濒危高原植物羌活及引种栽培奠定基础。     

苦参-蛇床子药对提取物对白念珠菌VVC临床株的抑制作用研究

目的本文着重研究苦参-蛇床子药对提取物(Extract of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix — Cnidii Fructus Couplet medicines,ESCC)对白念珠菌VVC临床株的抑制作用。方法 实验通过微量液基稀释法检测ESCC对白念珠菌的MIC 80;XTT减低法检测ESCC对白念珠菌VVC临床株细胞增殖活性的影响;倒置显微镜分别在4 h、8 h、12 h观察ESCC对白念珠菌VVC临床株酵母-菌丝二相性转换的影响;扫描电子显微镜观察ESCC对白念珠菌VVC临床株生物膜形成的影响;微孔板观察ESCC对白念珠菌VVC临床株成熟生物膜的影响;qRT-PCR检测ESCC对白念珠菌VVC临床株菌丝和生物膜形成相关基因的影响。结果 实验结果显示,ESCC具有一定的抗真菌作用,MIC 80 在512~1024 μg/mL之间,可显著降低白念珠菌VVC临床株细胞增殖活性;ESCC可抑制白念珠菌VVC临床株酵母-菌丝二相性转换,并可影响成熟生物膜的完整性。PCR结果显示ESCC可显著降低 ALS1 、 ASL3 、 HWP1 等基因转录水平。结论 本实验研究表明,苦参-蛇床子1∶1药对水提物可通过下调白念珠菌菌丝和生物膜形成相关基因转录水平,从而抑制酵母-菌丝二相性转换,影响其代谢活性,抑制生物膜的形成,并可破坏完整生物膜的完整性,从而起到抗真菌作用。     

响应面法超声辅助提取优化蛇床子素工艺的研究

对独活中蛇床子素超声提取工艺进行了研究。在单因素实验的基础上,选取了对蛇床子素提取率影响较大的4个因素(温度、乙醇体积分数、提取时间和料液比)。采用响应曲面分析法,建立了独活中蛇床子素提取的二次多项式数学模型,优化蛇床子素的超声提取最佳工艺条件,在温度64.63℃,乙醇体积分数73.18%,提取时间45.33 min,料液比20.67 mL/g条件下蛇床子素最大提取率达到0.987%。表明响应面法超声辅助提取优化蛇床子素工艺的研究方法简便、可靠。     

云南草蔻花蜜分泌格局与访花动物行为及其对果实和种子产量的影响

依靠动物传粉的植物, 其繁殖成功 (胚珠受精与花粉散布 ) 很大程度上取决于访花动物的种类和拜访行为, 而访花动物的种类和行为又受植物提供给传粉者的回报, 主要是花蜜分泌格局的影响。通过对姜科山姜属植物云南草蔻 (Alpiniablepharocalyx) 花蜜分泌量及糖分含量的测定, 拜访动物种类、传粉昆虫拜访频率及停留时间的调查, 主要盗蜜者花松鼠 (Tamiopsswinhoei) 的盗蜜行为观察, 植物的结实率以及结籽量的分析等, 探讨花蜜分泌与传粉昆虫的关系以及盗蜜对果实及种子生产的影响。研究表明 :云南草蔻的两种花型花蜜的分泌量在一天的单花开花过程中呈现相反的格局, 花柱上举型花下午的花蜜分泌量高于上午, 而花柱下垂型花则上午略高于下午 ;两种花型花蜜的糖分浓度都随着开花时间而下降 ;共有 17种访花动物拜访云南草蔻的花, 其中 8种具有传粉作用 ;传粉昆虫的停留时间随拜访频率的不断增加而缩短 ;被盗蜜植株与未被盗蜜植株的结实率差异不显著而结籽量差异显著。     

党参多糖的研究进展

多糖广泛存在于有机体,不仅具有重要的生物功能,也具有良好的药用价值,已引起越来越多的关注。因此本文综述了党参多糖的研究近况,主要包括其化学组成、含量测定和药理作用三个方面,为进一步开发利用党参多糖提供依据。     

Antineoplastic Constituents from the Chemical Diversified Extract of Radix puerariae

To enhance the structural diversity of isoflavonoids and provide more derivatives for the biological screening, a semisynthetic mixture was generated by diversification of the crude extract of Radix puerariae (Pueraria montana var. lobata) through the chemical reaction with hydrazine hydrate. Eleven 3,4‐diarylpyrazoles ( 1 – 11 ) and two 5‐phenyl‐6‐benzyldihydropyridazinones ( 12 and 13 ) were isolated from the semisynthetic mixture, and their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods in combination with X‐ray crystallographic analysis. Among them, nine compounds ( 5 – 13 ) were new derivatives. All the compounds were evaluated on the inhibitory activities against the prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and PC3. Compounds 12 and 13 were found to exhibit much more potent inhibitory activities against the androgen dependent LNCaP cells than the androgen independent PC3 cells. Rapid synthesis of new 3,4‐diarylpyrazoles and two 5‐phenyl‐6‐benzyldihydropyridazinones with significant biological activity highlights the great potential of one‐pot combinatorial modification for the diversification of natural products.     

Separation, structure characterization, conformation and immunomodulating effect of a hyperbranched heteroglycan from Radix Astragali

A water soluble polysaccharide (RAP) was isolated and purified from Radix Astragali and its structure was elucidated by monosaccharide composition, partial acid hydrolysis and methylation analysis, and further supported by FT-IR, GC-MS and ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra, SEM and AFM microscopy. Its average molecular weight was 1334 kDa. It was composed of Rha, Ara, Glc, Gal and GalA in a molar ratio of 0.03:1.00:0.27:0.36:0.30. The backbone consisted of 1,2,4-linked Rhap, α-1,4-linked Glcp, α-1,4-linked GalAp6Me, β-1,3,6-linked Galp, with branched at O-4 of the 1,2,4-linked Rhap and O-3 or O-4 of β-1,3,6-linked Galp. The side chains mainly consisted of α-T-Araf and α-1,5-linked Araf with O-3 as branching points, having trace Glc and Gal. The terminal residues were T-linked Araf, T-linked Glcp and T-linked Galp. Morphology analysis showed that RAP took random coil feature. RAP exhibited significant immunomodulating effects by stimulating the proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and enhancing its interleukin production.     

当归与激素合用对哮喘小鼠的治疗作用及其机制

目的：探讨当归与激素合用对哮喘小鼠的治疗作用及其机制。方法：取BALB/c小鼠随机分为对照组、血瘀模型组、哮喘模型组、氢化可的松组、当归组、氢化可的松与当归合用组（n=12）。采用卵白蛋白致敏、激发,复制哮喘模型;使用氢化可的松复制血瘀模型。观测当归、氢化可的松及其合用对小鼠血液流变学（全血黏度与血清TXB2含量）和哮喘（哮喘行为学、肺功能、肺指数与肺组织含水量）的影响,采用ELISA法、免疫组化法测定相关细胞因子和HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB蛋白质的表达水平。结果：8 g/kg当归、0.05 g/kg氢化可的松及其合用可明显缓解哮喘行为学指标,提高肺功能,降低肺指数及肺组织含水量,降低BALF中TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6水平,抑制肺组织HMGB1、TLR4及NF-κB蛋白质的高表达;当归与氢化可的松合用对提高哮喘小鼠肺功能、降低相关细胞因子（TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6）水平明显优于单独使用当归组,抑制肺组织中TLR4和NF-κB蛋白质表达的作用优于单独使用当归或氢化可的松。二者合用后可缓解氢化可的松所致的小鼠血清TXB2含量升高、血液粘稠度增加。结论：当归与激素及其合用具有明显的平喘作用,抑制HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB蛋白质合成是其平喘的机制之一。当归与激素合用改善肺功能的作用更强,可能与加强抑制TLR4/NF-κB合成有关。合用当归可缓解激素在治疗哮喘时引起的血液流变学异常变化。     

生川乌中生物碱成分含量随煎煮时间变化的研究

本文研究乌头中生物碱成分的含量随煎煮时间变化的趋势,为考查乌头类中药的毒性,提供定量指标.按不同时间水煎提取样品;分别采用容量法、比色法和薄层扫描法测定总生物碱、双酯性生物碱和乌头碱的含量.生川乌醇水双提总生物碱含量最高,水提样品中以煎煮4 h较高;生川乌醇水双提酯性生物碱含量最高,水提样品中以煎煮2 h为最高,比双提酯性生物碱含量低;生川乌醇水双提乌头碱含量最高,水提样品中以煎煮2h为最高,比双提乌头碱含量低.为乌头类中药的毒性研究提供了详细的参考指标.     

Simultaneous determination of four iridoid and secoiridoid glycosides and comparative analysis of Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae and their related substitutes by HPLC

Introduction – Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been frequently used to dispel rheumatism and ease pain. There are four species of Gentiana (G. macrophylla, G. straminea, G. dahurica and G. crassicaulis) recorded as herbal drugs in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and two other Gentiana species (G. officinalis and G. siphonantha) are often used as substitutes. Currently, the LC fingerprint comparison among different species and evidence for the equivalent application of these herbs are lacking. Objective – To develop an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of four iridoid and secoiridoid glycosides and a comparative study of six species of Gentiana. Methodology – HPLC analysis was performed on a C₁₈ column (Phenomenex, 150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm particle size) with gradient elution using 0.4% aqueous phosphoric acid and methanol at 242 nm. Results – The proposed method was precise, accurate and sensitive enough for simultaneous quantitative evaluation of four iridoid and secoiridoid glycosides (loganic acid, swertiamarin, gentiopicroside and sweroside) in the six species of Gentiana. Contents of the four marker compounds varied from each other even among the samples from the same species and the LC chromatograms of the six species of Gentiana showed high similarities. Conslusion – The close similarity of LC chromatograms and chemical composition of the four genuine Gentiana species explain their popular usage as Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae in Chinese medicine. By comparing the four genuine Gentiana species, it is suggested that the two substitutes could be used as Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae to relieve the scarcity of resources. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.