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991.
Wang Q O'Brien PJ Chen CX Cho DS Murray JM Nishikura K 《Journal of neurochemistry》2000,74(3):1290-1300
Different isoforms of serotonin subtype 2C receptor (5-HT(2C)R) with altered G protein-coupling efficacy are generated by RNA editing, which converts genomically encoded adenosine residues into inosines. In combination, editing of five sites all located within the second intracellular loop region of 5-HT(2C)R mRNA changes the gene-encoded Ile, Asn, and Ile at positions 156, 158, and 160, respectively. We analyzed the G protein-coupling functions of previously unreported editing isoform receptors. An approximately 13-fold reduction in the agonist potency for G protein-coupling stimulation as well as a significantly reduced basal level activity was observed with the thalamus-specific isoform carrying Ile156, Gly158, and Val160 (5-HT(2C)R-IGV). In contrast, the agonist was four- to five-fold less potent with 5-HT(2C)R-MSV and -IDV, detected in the amygdala and choroid plexus, respectively, indicating a dominant role for the amino acid residue at position 158 in receptor functions. We also identified a splicing variant receptor with a truncated C terminus that displayed no ligand binding capacity or G protein-coupling activity. Examination of the alternatively spliced RNA encoding this truncated receptor suggests that editing of this variant RNA occurs after completion of splicing, resulting in complete editing at all five sites. 相似文献
992.
Secondary structure is evaluated for determining evolutionary relationships between catalytic RNA molecules that are so distantly
related they are scarcely alignable. The ribonucleoproteins RNase P (P) and RNase MRP (MRP) have been suggested to be evolutionarily
related because of similarities in both function and secondary structure. However, their RNA sequences cannot be aligned with
any confidence, and this leads to uncertainty in any trees inferred from sequences. We report several approaches to using
secondary structures for inferring evolutionary trees and emphasize quantitative tests to demonstrate that evolutionary information
can be recovered. For P and MRP, three hypotheses for the relatedness are considered. The first is that MRP is derived from
P in early eukaryotes. The next is that MRP is derived from P from an early endosymbiont. The third is that both P and MRP
evolved in the RNA-world (and the need for MRP has since been lost in prokaryotes). Quantitative comparisons of the pRNA and
mrpRNA secondary structures have found that the possibility of an organellar origin of MRP is unlikely. In addition, comparison
of secondary structures support the identity of an RNase P–like sequence in the maize chloroplast genome. Overall, it is concluded
that RNA secondary structure is useful for evaluating evolutionary relatedness, even with sequences that cannot be aligned
with confidence.
Received: 19 July 1999 / Accepted: 3 May 2000 相似文献
993.
994.
Vassilis Douris Robert A. D. Cameron George C. Rodakis Rena Lecanidou 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》1998,52(1):116-125
The land snail genus Albinaria exhibits an extreme degree of morphological differentiation in Greece, especially in the island of Crete. Twenty-six representatives of 17 nominal species and a suspected hybrid were examined by sequence analysis of a PCR-amplified mitochondrial DNA fragment of the large rRNA subunit gene. Maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining phylogenetic analyses demonstrate a complex pattern of speciation and differentiation and suggest that Albinaria species from Crete belong to at least three distinct monophyletic groups, which, however, are not monophyletic with reference to the genus as a whole. There is considerable variation of genetic distance within and among “species” and groups. The revealed phylogenetic relations do not correlate well with current taxonomy, but exhibit biogeographical coherence. Certain small- and large-scale vicariance events can be traced, although dispersal and parapatric speciation may also be present. Our analysis suggests that there was an early and rapid differentiation of Albinaria groups across the whole of the range followed by local speciation events within confined geographical areas. 相似文献
995.
Jennifer Pastorini Michael R.J. Forstner Robert D. Martin Don J. Melnick 《Journal of molecular evolution》1998,47(1):32-41
The New World monkeys are divided into two main groups, Callitrichidae and Cebidae. Callimico goeldii shares traits with both the Cebidae and the Callitrichidae. Recent morphological phyletic studies generally place Callimico as the most basal member of the Callitrichidae. In contrast, genetic studies (immunological, restriction fragment, and sequence
data) have consistently placed Callimico somewhere within the Callitrichidae, not basal to this clade. A DNA sequence data set from the terminal 236 codons of the
mitochondrial ND4 gene and the tRNAHis, tRNASer, and tRNALeu genes was generated to clarify the position of Callimico. The sequences of 887 base pairs were analyzed by maximum-parsimony, neighbor-joining, and maximum-likelihood methods. The
results of these various methods are generally congruent and place Callimico within the Callitrichidae between the marmosets (Callithrix and Cebuella) and the tamarins (Saguinus and Leontopithecus). Combined analyses of all suitable nuclear and mitochondrial gene sequences confirm the position of Callimico between the marmosets and the tamarins. As available molecular evidence indicates that Callimico is more closely related to the marmosets than to the tamarins, a reconsideration of the morphological evidence in light of
the consensus tree from DNA sequence analyses is warranted. The marmosets and tamarins share four morphological characters
(loss of the third molar, loss of the hypocone, reduced body size, reproductive twinning). Dwarfism may have evolved repeatedly
among the Callitrichidae. It is well-known that the loss of a character can occur many times independently. The reproduction
of marmosets and tamarins is extremely specialized and it is difficult to imagine that this complex and unique twinning system
evolved separately in marmosets and tamarins. However, it is possible that a secondary reversal to single offspring took place
in Callimico.
Received: 20 March 1997 / Accepted: 17 December 1997 相似文献
996.
Isolation of Functional RNA from Periderm Tissue of Potato Tubers and Sweet Potato Storage Roots 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
David L. Scott Jr. Clarence W. Clark Kenneth L. Deahl Channapatna S. Prakash 《Plant Molecular Biology Reporter》1998,16(1):3-8
A reliable and efficient protocol is given for the isolation of mRNA from the periderm of potato tubers and sweet potato storage roots. The method relies on a urea-based lysis buffer and lithium chloride to concentrate total RNA away from most of the cytoplasmic components and to prevent oxidation of phenolic complexes. To enhance the physical separation of the RNA from other macromolecular components, the RNA fraction was incubated in the presence of the cationic surfactant Catrimox-14. Poly(A)+ mRNA was separated from total RNA and other contaminants by using Promega's MagneSphere technology. The mRNA was suitable for cDNA library construction and RNA fingerprinting. 相似文献
997.
Triple resonance HCN and HCNCH experiments used in studies of 13C/15N labeled oligonucleotides include extended evolution periods (typically up to 100 ms) to allow coherence transfer through a complex heteronuclear spin network. Unfortunately, most of the magnetization is lost during the evolution due to fast spin–spin relaxation dominated by one-bond 1H–13C dipolar interaction. As demonstrated recently, the sensitivity of the experiments can be dramatically improved by keeping the spin system in a state of proton–carbon multiple-quantum coherence, which is not affected by the strong dipolar coupling. However, the multiple-quantum coherence is very sensitive to homonuclear as well as long-range heteronuclear interactions. Unwanted magnetization transfer due to these interactions can reduce the sensitivity back to the level of a single-quantum experiment and, for some spin moieties, even eliminate the signal completely. In the present paper we show that a modified HCN scheme that refocuses the interfering coherences improves sensitivity routinely by a factor of 1.5 to 4 over a nonselective experiment. In addition, novel multiple-quantum 2D and 3D HCNCH experiments with substantially enhanced sensitivity are presented. 相似文献
998.
Michaël H. Kolk Sybren S. Wijmenga Hans A. Heus Cornelis W. Hilbers 《Journal of biomolecular NMR》1998,12(3):423-433
The complete T- and pseudoknotted acceptor arm of the tRNA-like structure of turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) genomic RNA has been studied by NMR spectroscopy. Resonance assignment and the gathering of restraints of the 44-mer are impeded by spectral complexity as well as by line broadening. The latter is caused by local dynamical effects in the pseudoknot domain in the molecule. These specific problems could be solved by using different field strengths and selectively 13C/15 labeled samples. Experiments for assigning the sugar spin systems were adjusted to satisfy the requirements of this system. Furthermore, the quality of the structure could be improved by determining the backbone torsion angles , and , using new approaches that were tailored for use in large RNA molecules. 相似文献
999.
以甜菜坏死黄脉病毒(BNYVV)内蒙分离物的总RNA为模板,通过反转录-PCR扩增获得BNYVVRNA3全长cDNA。将其克隆到pGEM-7Zf(+)上,得到重组质粒pGBY56。序列分析结果表明,内蒙分离物RNA3基因组全长为1775nt,其中包含3个开放阅读框架,分别编码25kD蛋白、4.6kD蛋白和一种由59个氨基酸组成的N蛋白。与法国F2分离物、德国G1分离物和日本S分离物相比,其核苷酸序列的同源性分别为96.4%、96.8%和97.3%。将25kD蛋白编码基因克隆到pJW2上,构建了该基因的原核表达载体。SDS-PAGE和Westernbloting分析结果表明,25kD蛋白基因在E.coliBL21(DE3)中经温度(42℃)诱导后,可特异地表达25kD蛋白 相似文献
1000.
马立克氏病病毒(Marek’sdiseasevirus,MDV)是一种能诱导鸡淋巴组织增生或淋巴肿瘤的细胞结合性疱疹病毒,由此而引起的马立克氏病(Marek’sdisease,MD)也是迄今为止唯一可以利用疫苗进行有效控制的肿瘤性疾病。鉴于此,作为研... 相似文献