八段锦联合抗阻运动对老年2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢、氧化应激及生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨八段锦联合抗阻运动对老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者糖脂代谢、氧化应激及生活质量的影响。方法：选取2021年4月~2022年5月期间在我院接受治疗的老年T2DM患者238例。按照随机数字表法分为对照组（在常规治疗的基础上,接受抗阻运动干预,119例）和联合组（在对照组的基础上,接受八段锦干预,119例）。观察两组糖脂代谢、氧化应激及生活质量的改善情况。结果：干预12周后,联合组体质量指数、腰臀比低于对照组（P<0.05）。干预12周后,联合组空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2 h血糖（2hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）低于对照组（P<0.05）。干预12周后,联合组高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）高于对照组（P<0.05）,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）低于对照组。干预12周后,联合组丙二醛（MDA）低于对照组,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预12周后,联合组的健康调查简表（SF-36）各维度评分均高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：八段锦联合抗阻运动用于老年T2DM患者中,可有效改善患者的氧化应激、糖脂代谢,并提高患者的生活质量。     

高频重复经颅磁刺激联合Brunnstrom分期训练对脑卒中恢复期患者康复效果的影响

摘要 目的：探讨高频重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）联合Brunnstrom分期训练对脑卒中恢复期患者康复效果的影响。方法：根据随机数字表法将新疆医科大学第一附属医院2020年1月~2022年2月期间收治的脑卒中恢复期患者80例分为对照组（40例,Brunnstrom分期训练）和研究组（40例,高频rTMS联合Brunnstrom分期训练）。对比两组疗效、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分、功能独立性量表（FIM）评分、生活质量评分、血清神经因子指标[髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、神经生长因子-1（NGF-1）]。结果：研究组的临床总有效率（92.50%）明显高于对照组（70.00%）（P<0.05）。治疗4周后,研究组MBP、NSE低于对照组,NGF-1高于对照组（P<0.05）。与对照组比较,治疗4周后,研究组NIHSS评分降低,FIM评分升高（P<0.05）。治疗4周后,研究组心理/躯体/物质/社会功能评分较对照组高（P<0.05）。结论：高频rTMS联合Brunnstrom分期训练有助于提高脑卒中恢复期患者的康复效果,同时还可调节血清神经指标,提高生活质量。     

BIS监测下右美托咪定联合七氟醚对颅内动脉瘤介入栓塞术患者苏醒质量、血清氧化应激指标和神经损伤标志物的影响

摘要 目的：探讨脑电双频指数（BIS）监测下右美托咪定联合七氟醚对颅内动脉瘤介入栓塞术患者苏醒质量、血清氧化应激指标和神经损伤标志物的影响。方法：采用随机数字表法,将我院2019年3月-2021年6月期间收治的80例颅内动脉瘤介入栓塞术患者分为研究组（BIS监测下右美托咪定联合七氟醚,n=40）和对照组（BIS监测下七氟醚,n=40）,观察两组血流动力学、苏醒质量、血清氧化应激指标和神经损伤标志物水平变化。记录两组围术期间不良反应发生状况。结果：气管插管后1 min（T1）~拔管后10 min（T4）时点,两组平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）升高后下降,但研究组低于对照组同时点（P<0.05）。与对照组比较,研究组苏醒时间、恢复呼吸时间、拔管时间较短（P<0.05）。T1~T4时点,两组超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）水平下降后升高,但研究组较对照组同时点高（P<0.05）。术后1 d,两组人脑髓鞘碱性蛋白（MBP）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、S100?茁水平升高,但研究组低于对照组同时点（P<0.05）。对照组、研究组的不良反应发生率组间对比无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论：BIS监测下七氟醚联合右美托咪定应用于颅内动脉瘤介入栓塞术患者中,可提高苏醒质量,减轻氧化应激水平和神经损伤程度,稳定血流动力学波动。     

乳腺癌根治术患者术前焦虑的影响因素分析及其对术后恢复、细胞免疫功能和生命质量的影响

摘要 目的：分析乳腺癌根治术患者术前焦虑的影响因素,并探讨术前焦虑对患者术后恢复、细胞免疫功能和生命质量的影响。方法：选择我院2020年3月~2021年12月期间收治的拟行乳腺癌根治术的120例患者作为研究对象,术前1 d采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）评估所有患者的焦虑状况,根据是否存在焦虑分为焦虑组和无焦虑组,乳腺癌根治术患者术前焦虑的影响因素采用多因素Logistic回归分析。对比焦虑组和无焦虑组的术后恢复、细胞免疫功能和生命质量情况。结果：120例乳腺癌根治术患者中,有31例患者无术前焦虑,89例患者存在焦虑症状,根据是否存在术前焦虑分为焦虑组（n=89）和无焦虑组（n=31）。乳腺癌根治术患者术前焦虑与年龄、文化程度、家庭人均月收入、付费方式、婚姻状况、家庭支持、既往有无全麻史、术前住院时长、定期体检有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明：年龄＜60岁、文化程度为小学及其以下、家庭人均月收入＜3000元、婚姻状况为未婚、无家庭支持、既往无全麻史、术前住院时长>1 d是乳腺癌根治术患者术前焦虑的危险因素（P<0.05）。焦虑组的术后首次肛门排气时间、首次下床活动时间、术后住院时间均长于无焦虑组（P<0.05）。两组术后1个月CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平升高,且无焦虑组高于焦虑组（P<0.05）,两组术后1个月CD8⁺水平下降,且无焦虑组低于焦虑组（P<0.05）。两组术后1个月生理状况、情感状况、社会/家庭状况、功能状况、附加关注评分和总分下降,且无焦虑组低于焦虑组（P<0.05）。结论：乳腺癌根治术患者术前焦虑发生率较高,其发生受到年龄、文化程度、家庭人均月收入、婚姻状况、家庭支持、既往有无全麻史、术前住院时长等多种因素的影响,可导致患者术后恢复时间延长,细胞免疫功能和生命质量降低。     

MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF SELECTION IN EXPERIMENTAL POPULATIONS DERIVED FROM HYBRIDIZATION OF TWO ECOTYPES OF THE ANNUAL PLANT DIODIA TERES W. (RUBIACEAE)

Morphologically variable F₂ genotypes derived from hybridization of coastal and inland ecotypes of the annual plant Diodia teres were used to identify selection on morphological traits in the natural habitat of each ecotype. These ecotypes occur in very different habitats, and have evolved pronounced morphological differentiation. Selection analysis can suggest whether present patterns of selection can explain morphological differences between ecotypes. F₂ genotypes were characterized morphologically, clonally replicated, and transplanted into the habitat of each ecotype. Selection was measured on six morphological traits. Directional and stabilizing selection occurred on many traits; direction and strength of selection varied sharply at different stages of growth, as revealed by a path-analysis approach that divided selection into a set of independent components. Directional selection favored traits of the native population at the coastal habitat, but less so at the inland habitat. Selection was of sufficient strength to create the observed morphological differences between ecotypes in 25–100 generations, given constant selection and sufficient genetic variation. In effects on fitness, most traits were neither independent nor consistently interactive with other traits. Rather, many traits entered into strong but evanescent interactions affecting particular components of fitness. Observed interactions did not support the hypothesis that the morphology of each ecotype was functionally integrated to a high degree.     

THE INTERACTION PHENOTYPE IN THE DROSOPHILA WILLISTONI–SPIROPLASMA SYMBIOSIS

Both the population and coevolutionary dynamics of hereditary male-lethal endosymbionts, found in a wide range of insect species, depend on host fitness and endosymbiont transmission rates. This paper reports on fitness effects and transmission rates in three lines of Drosophila willistoni infected with either male-lethal spiroplasmas or a spontaneous nonmale-lethal mutant. Overall fitness measures were reduced or unaffected by the infection; however, some infected females produced more offspring in early broods. Maternal transmission rates were high, but imperfect, and varied with a female's age, host line, and spiroplasma type. No evidence for paternal or horizontal transmission was found. If an altered temporal pattern of reproduction is not a factor in countering the loss of spiroplasma hosts through imperfect maternal transmission, persistence of this endoparasitism remains unexplained. Tolerance of the infection and ability to transmit bacteria varied with both host and spiroplasma line. Analysis of the interaction between the spontaneous nonmale-lethal mutant and its host suggests this symbiosis has undergone coevolution under laboratory culture.     

植酸对稻米品质影响的研究（Ⅰ）

本文报道在水稻生长的抽穗期、齐穗期、灌浆期和蜡熟期喷施不同浓度植酸改良稻米品质的研究。结果表明,在水稻生长的不同阶段,控制喷施植酸浓度可提高糙米率,降低稻米垩白。     

RFLP mapping of the sugary enhancer1 gene in maize

RFLP marker data from an F₂₃ population derived from a cross between a sugary1 (su1) and a sugary enhancer1 (su1, sel) inbred were used to construct a genetic linkage map of maize. This map includes 93 segregating marker loci distributed throughout the maize genome, providing a saturated linkage map that is suitable for linkage analysis with quantitative trait loci (QTL). This population, which has been immortalized in the form of sibbed F₂₃ families, was derived from each of the 214 F₂ plants and along with probe data are available to the scientific community. QTL analysis for kernel sucrose (the primary form of sugar) concentration at 20 days after pollination (DAP) uncovered the segregation of seven major QTL influencing sucrose concentration; a locus linked to umc36a described the greatest proportion of the variation (24.7%). Since maltose concentration has previously been reported to be associated with the se1 phenotype, an analysis of probe associations with maltose concentration at 40 DAP was also conducted. The highly significant association of umc36a with maltose and sucrose concentrations provided evidence that this probe is linked to se1. Phenotypic evaluation for the se1 genotype in each F₂₃ family enabled us to map the gene 12.1 cM distal to umc36a. In contrast to previous work where se1 was reported to be located on chromosome four, our data strongly suggest that the sugary enhancer1 locus maps on the the distal portion of the long arm of chromosome 2 in the maize genome.     

Combined genetic and physiological analysis of a locus contributing to quantitative variation

The natural variation of many traits is controlled by multiple genes, individually referred to as quantitative trait loci (QTL), that interact with the environment to determine the ultimate phenotype of any individual. A QTL has yet to be described molecularly, in part because strategies to systematically identify them are underdeveloped and because the subtle nature of QTLs prevents the application of standard methods of gene identification. Therefore, it will be necessary to develop a systematic approach(es) for the identification of QTLs based upon the numerous positional data now being accumulated through molecular marker analyses. We have characterized a QTL by the following three-step approach: (1) identification of a QTL in complex populations, (2) isolation and genetic mapping of this QTL in near-isogenic lines, and (3) identification of a candidate gene using map position and physiological criteria. Using this approach we have characterized a plant height QTL in maize that maps to chromosome 9 near the centromere. Both map position and physiological criteria suggest the gibberillin biosynthesis gene dwarf3 as a candidate gene for this QTL.