秦岭生态地质环境系统研究关键思考

生态地质环境系统研究应以地质学为基础，以生态学为指导，研究岩石、土壤、水、生物等在地质作用下产生的生态问题。秦岭生态地质特色鲜明，是催生生态地质基础理论、形成生态地质保护对策的理想实践地，迫切需要对秦岭生态地质环境角色地位予以系统剖析，梳理秦岭生态地质环境系统面临的主要挑战，构建秦岭生态地质环境系统框架体系。研究提出秦岭生态地质环境系统研究要把握以下关键思考：一是秦岭生态地质环境要素多元、圈层互馈过程复杂、灾害叠加影响效应突出、人-地-生相互作用强烈，立足生态秦岭面临的现实挑战，需认知秦岭生态地质环境系统的要素构成及家底，构建秦岭生态地质环境系统要素互馈演化模型，探索生态退化、水土流失和地质灾害共存递进关系，进而提出地质环境-生态环境-人类环境动态平衡调控对策；二是秦岭生态地质环境系统框架体系应以地质环境认知为基础，将生态环境充分融入地质环境之中整体考虑，并对各要素对生态环境影响进行梳理；其中，构造、地貌地质环境是“生态容器”,岩石、土壤及水文地质环境是“生态载体”,灾害地质环境是引起“生态损害”的重要因素，人类活动环境则为造成“生态扰动”的外在驱动；三是秦岭林体-土体-岩体-山体-水...     

秦岭玄灰蝶属雄性外生殖器比较形态学研究(鳞翅目,灰蝶科)

对秦岭玄灰蝶属Tongeia 5种的雄性外生殖器进行了比较形态学研究.结果表明,不同种间的雄性外生殖器存在差异,可作为种类鉴别依据.     

Holocene dynamics of the alpine timberline in the High Sudetes

The study focuses on the High Sudetes that represent the most distinctive islands of alpine forest-free area among hercynian mid-mountains of Central Europe. Based on data from newly taken cores and previously published pollen profiles, comparison of the development of the alpine timberline position is carried out. The first of the analysed pollen profiles — the Labsky důl core in the Krkonoše Mts spans the whole period of the Holocene, the Keprník and Mezikotlí profiles in the Hruby Jeseník Mts bring information from the Subboreal/older Subatlanticum turn to the present. An exceptional position of the Krkonoše Mts in terms of permanent presence of the alpine belt throughout the Holocene was confirmed. Three oscillations of the alpine timberline during the Lower Holocene were detected in the profile from the Labsky důl site. In the Hruby Jeseník Mts a temperature dependent forest-free area existed at least since Subboreal to the present.     

Phylogeography and demographic history of Gyrodactylus konovalovi (Monogenoidea: Gyrodactylidae), an ectoparasite on the East Asia Amur minnow (Cyprinidae) in Central China

Gyrodactylus konovalovi is an ectoparasite on the Amur minnow (Rhynchocypris lagowskii) that is widely distributed in the cold fresh waters of East Asia. In the present study, the phylogeography and demographic history of G. konovalovi and the distribution of its host in the Qinling Mountains are examined. A total of 79 individual parasites was sequenced for a 528 bp region of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) gene, and 25 haplotypes were obtained. The substitution rate (dN/dS) was 0.068 and indicated purifying selection. Haplotype diversity (h) and nucleotide diversity (π) varied widely in the Qinling Mountains. Phylogenetic trees based on Bayesian inference (BI), maximum likelihood (ML), and maximum parsimony (MP) methods and network analysis revealed that all haplotypes were consistently well‐supported in three different lineages, indicating a significant geographic distribution pattern. There was a significant positive correlation between genetic differentiation (F_st) and geographic distance. The results of mismatch distribution, neutrality test and Bayesian skyline plot analyses showed that whole populations underwent population contraction during the Pleistocene. Based on the molecular clock calibration, the most common ancestor was estimated to have emerged in the middle Pleistocene. Our study suggests for the first time that a clearly phylogeography of G. konovalovi was shaped by geological events and climate fluctuations, such as orogenesis, drainage capture changes, and vicariance, during the Pleistocene in the Qinling Mountains.