全缘凤尾蕨化学成分的研究

全缘凤尾蕨资源丰富且在贵州分布广泛,具有清热利湿、活血消肿的功效。为了探明该植物的物质基础、寻找相关的活性成分和先导化合物,该文用95%甲醇对全缘凤尾蕨地上部分浸渍提取,采用硅胶、MCI gel CHP 20P、YMC gel ODS-A-HG、Sephadex LH-20等色谱技术对全缘凤尾蕨的化学成分进行分离纯化,根据波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果表明:从全缘凤尾蕨中分离得到18个化合物,分别鉴定为(-)-α-tocospirone(1)、环鸦片甾烯醇(2)、(2S,3S)-pterosin C(3)、(2R,3S)-pterosin C(4)、pterosin B(5)、pterosin F(6)、α-紫罗兰酮A(7)、sauropunol C/D(8/8’)、ficusol(9)、棕榈酸(10)、2-dodec-2-enyl-succinic acid dimethyl ester(11)、methyl-9-phenyl-10-hydroxyoctadecanoate(12)、十六烷酸甘油酯(13)、methyl elaidate(14)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸甲酯(15)、(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八烷三烯酸甲酯(16)、胡萝卜苷(17)、β-谷甾醇(18)。所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。该研究结果为合理利用其资源奠定了科学基础。     

改良FIASCO方法筛选砷超富集植物蜈蚣草SSR分子标记

蜈蚣草（Pteris vittata L.）是目前用于砷污染土壤修复最好的超富集植物,但其分子水平上的研究数据较少。为了开发蜈蚣草特异性SSR遗传标记,本文采用改良的FIASCO方法从蜈蚣草AG和AC微卫星富集文库中随机挑选100个克隆,分离得到51个微卫星位点,其中60%为完美型（Perfect）SSR。根据这些位点设计、合成了25对引物,并对江西庐山及湖北恩施两地蜈蚣草种群各20个个体进行了遗传多样性检测,结果发现：其中8个完美型及1个间断型（intermittent）SSR位点的引物能够扩增出清晰、稳定且具有多态性的条带。9对引物共扩增出41个等位基因,各位点等位基因数在2~7之间,平均等位基因数为4.56个;期望杂合度在0.0494~0.8169之间;没有连锁不平衡现象发生。采用大叶井栏边草（Pteris multifida Poir.）进行跨种扩增,结果发现其中6对引物能够进行种间扩增。这些SSR分子标记的开发有助于蜈蚣草生态适应性进化分析、揭示蜈蚣草地理分布格局以及探讨蜈蚣草遗传多样性,还可用于品种鉴定及选育等。     

Arsenic Uptake and Translocation by Plants in Pot and Field Experiments

A work undertaken by pot and field experiments to assess the suitability of poplars and ferns for the in-situ, phytoextraction, of a dumping site with residues from the roasting process of arseno-pyrite is reported. The main characteristic of this site is the high content of both the As metalloid and heavy metals (e.g., Al, Fe, Cu, Co, Cr, Pb). Two poplar clones (Populus deltoides ‘Dvina’ and Populus x canadensis ‘Orion’) and Pteris vittata (Chinese brake fern) were planted in the contaminated soil both ex situ in pots and in situ. Plant survival, As accumulation in plant tissues, leaf content of pigments, soluble proteins, activity of catalase and SH-groups in both roots and leaves were evaluated during a 24-month study period. Both poplar and fern plants exhibited an increase in the activity of catalase and SH group contents when grown in the presence of pyrite ashes. The results showed that the co-planting system (arsenic-hyperaccumulator fern Pteris vittata and Populus clones) was suitable for phytoextraction of multi-contaminated dumping sites. Agronomic measures such as irrigation, soil tillage and amendments also seem to be necessary for the successful establishment of poplar trees and ferns in contaminated soils in order to enhance plant growth through the improvement of soil conditions.     

傅氏凤尾蕨配子体发育及其无配子生殖的研究

采用光学显微镜对傅氏凤尾蕨（Pteris fauriei Hieron.）的配子体发育进行了研究。傅氏凤尾蕨孢子深褐色,呈四面体形,三裂缝,极面观为钝三角形,赤道面观近半圆形。孢子自播种3～7 d左右开始萌发,萌发类型为书带蕨型。18 d左右发育为丝状体,大约为6～10个细胞长;25 d左右,丝状体可通过顶端细胞或中间细胞分裂产生片状体。播种40～50 d左右,在片状体的侧面产生分生组织,发育成原叶体,发育类型为水蕨型。雄配子体形状不规则,其上可产生精子器。大型原叶体形状较规则,顶端为心形,发育2～3个月左右,在生长点下方产生无性胚芽,进行无配子生殖。此后不久,在胚芽和生长点之间产生导管连接孢子体和配子体。经多次培养表明傅氏凤尾蕨不产生颈卵器,为专性无配子生殖。     

不同海拔云南黄连生物量和主要有效成分变化

研究了不同海拔(2 100～2 700 m)下,野生和人工栽培云南黄连的生物量、主要有效成分含量及产量.结果表明:野生云南黄连根茎和根生物量沿海拔梯度呈上升趋势,但无显著性差异(P>0.05);人工栽培云南黄连根茎生物量平均值在海拔2 600 m和2 700 m处分别为87.5 kg·hm^-2和97.0 kg·hm^-2,显著高于海拔2 300 m处(34.8 kg·hm^-2,P<0.05),且海拔2 300、2 600和2 700 m的人工栽培云南黄连根茎和根生物量均大于野生云南黄连,但无显著性差异(P>0.05). 野生云南黄连的根茎和根生物量均与全株生物量呈显著正相关. 野生云南黄连根茎和根小檗碱含量在海拔2 700 m处最高,分别为4.60%和1.93%; 根茎巴马汀和药根碱含量、根药根碱含量在海拔2 600～2 700 m处最高;根巴马汀含量在2 300 m处最高.人工云南黄连根茎和根小檗碱含量在海拔2 600 m处最高,分别为4.41%和1.90%; 根茎巴马汀含量,根小檗碱、巴马汀和药根碱含量在海拔2 600～2 700 m处最高;根茎药根碱含量在海拔2 300 m处最高.海拔2 600～2 700 m处野生云南黄连根茎和根中各有效成分产量显著高于海拔2 100和2 300 m处(P<0.05). 野生云南黄连分株的根茎生物量、根生物量、叶生物量、总生物量、高度和冠幅沿海拔梯度呈先升后降趋势.增大种植密度和加强人工管理可以提高云南黄连生物量和主要有效成分产量.     

Structural Analysis of Peptides of PSⅡ Light-harvesting Complexes in Siphonous Green Algae,Codium fragile

Peptide composition and arrangement of 4 major light harvesting complexes LHCP1-3 and LHCP3′isolated from siphonous green algae （Codium fragile (Sur.) Hariot.） were investigated. LHCP1 showed five main peptides, 34.4, 31.5, 29.5, 28.2 and 26.5 kD in SDS PAGE, the 34.4 and 31.5 kD peptides were never found in higher plants. LHCP3 contained the other four kinds of LHCP1 peptides except 34.4 kD, while LHCP3′consisted of only 28.2 and 26.5 kD peptides. We found that 34.4, 28.2 and 26.5 kD peptides were easy to decompose from LHCP 1 when subjected to SDS PAGE without pretreatment. They might be located at the exterior of LHCP1, while the 31.5 and 29.5 kD peptides were at the central part. The 28.2 and 26.5 kD peptides often occurred in CPa, the center complex of PSⅡ. They are possibly the LHCⅡ peptides tightly associated with CCⅡ. According to the results described above, a peptide map of LHCP1 was sketched.     

Pteris multifida,Cortex phellodendri,and probiotics attenuated inflammatory status and immunity in mice with a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection

Pteris multifida (PM) and Cortex phellodendri (CP) are medicinal foods used for gastrointestinal protection. Lactic-acid bacteria are probiotics. Salmonella Typhimurium strain ST21-infected mice were used to examine the alleviative effects of two lactic-acid bacteria (LAB) as well as aqueous extracts of PM and CP for a 4-day treatment. CP and LAB decreased fecal ST counts. CP and PM reduced the ST21 count in the blood, intestine, and liver. LAB lowered the ST21 count in the intestine and spleen. CP and LAB decreased the IFN-gamma level; PM lowered the TNF-alpha level; and both LAB and PM reduced the IL-1beta level in serum. PM and CP lowered the IgG level in serum. The data in a macrophage infection model indicate that TNF-alpha was partial involved in this alleviative effects, other mechanisms might be involved. In sum, these novel findings suggest that PM, CP, and LAB probiotics are potential anti-Salmonellae agents.     

Induced apogamous sporophytes inPteris dispar andP. semipinnata,and the meiotic behavior in their sporocytes

Spores ofPteris dispar andP. semipinnata were aseptically cultured in flasks for apogamous sporophyte induction. Calli or cell colonies similar to calli were induced in cultures supplemented with hormones. Sporophytic leaves subsequently developed from them in hormone-free medium and the young sporophytes were raised into plants with sporangia. Since the wild-type plants having 116 chromosomes are tetraploid, the sporophytic plants originating from spores would appear to be diploid (dihaploid). In induced sporophytes ofP. semipinnata, non-homologous chromosomes (58 univalents) were found during the meiotic process in sporocytes. InP. dispar, however, the meiotic cells showed many bivalent chromosomes (maximum 29ll). These results suggest thatP. semipinnata is allotetraploid, whereasP. dispar is autotetraploid.