飞行对粘虫体内甘油酯积累与咽侧体活性的影响

研究了粘虫Mythimna separata (Walker)成虫飞行对甘油酯的恢复、保幼激素的滴度及飞行肌降解的影响, 结果表明,不同日龄粘虫的飞行活动对其能源物质的积累及保幼激素分泌产生不同的影响。1日龄蛾的飞行对粘虫这两方面产生的影响最大,其飞行个体能源物质的积累明显高于未飞行的对照个体; 3日龄飞行个体的能源物质积累与对照相当; 但5日龄飞行个体则很难达到对照水平。1日龄飞行个体咽侧体活性在36 h后明显高于对照,60 h后已是对照的10倍,108 h达到其峰值; 3日龄飞行个体咽侧体的活性稍高于对照,但差别不显著; 5日龄飞行个体的咽侧体活性则稍低于对照。不同日龄飞行对飞行肌的降解也产生不同的影响。1日龄飞行个体的飞行肌在飞行后6 天已经明显低于对照。3、5日龄的飞行活动对其飞行肌降解的影响不明显。因此推测,粘虫咽侧体活化的关键时期可能在羽化后1～3 天之间。     

粘虫核型多角体病毒和颗粒体病毒侵染粘虫前胸腺的病理观察

观察比较了粘虫核型多角体病毒(Pseudelatia separata NPV,PsNPV)、粘虫颗粒体病毒(Pseudelatia separataGV,PsGV)感染粘虫,以及两种病毒混合感染粘虫后,粘虫(Pseudelatia separata)前胸腺的形态特征和前胸腺细胞的超微结构.结果表明,不同感染组粘虫前胸腺腺体都有不同程度的组织病变,PsNPV感染组在感染晚期与前胸腺相连的气管严重病变,出现大量白色颗粒状物累积,被伊红染成紫黑色,腺体细胞被挤压变形;PsGV感染组的前胸腺腺体变小,单个细胞也小,细胞界限不十分明显;两种病毒混合感染组的腺体细胞小,能被伊红染色的细胞极少.同时,前胸腺细胞的超微结构也有不同程度的病变.     

粘虫胚胎细胞系的建立及对MsNPV敏感性的测定

用培养24h的粘虫受精卵成功地建立一株粘虫胚胎细胞后,命名为NEAU-Ms-980312,目前已传代201代,该细胞系主要含有圆形和纺锤形两种细胞,在28℃、120h的细胞群体倍增时间为47.82h.该细胞系对粘虫核型多角体病毒有较高的敏感性,用原代病毒以感染复数(m.o.i.)为0.08TCID50/细胞感染细胞,在接毒后10d,病毒感染率和每细胞产生的多角体数量分别是为62.10%和33.59PIB.     

Survival and development of Campoletis chlorideae on various insect and crop hosts: implications for Bt-transgenic crops

Abstract:  The parasitic wasp, Campoletis chlorideae is an important larval parasitoid of Helicoverpa armigera a serious pest of cotton, grain legumes and cereals. Large-scale deployment of Bt -transgenic crops with resistance to H. armigera may have potential consequences for the development and survival of C. chlorideae . Therefore, we studied the tritrophic interactions of C. chlorideae involving eight insect host species and six host crops under laboratory conditions. The recovery of H. armigera larvae following release was greater on pigeonpea and chickpea when compared with cotton, groundnut and pearl millet. The parasitism by C. chlorideae females was least with reduction in cocoon formation and adult emergence on H. armigera larvae released on chickpea. Host insects also had significant effect on the development and survival of C. chlorideae . The larval period of C. chlorideae was prolonged by 2–3 days on Spodoptera exigua , Mythimna separata and Achaea janata when compared with H. armigera , Helicoverpa assulta and Spodoptera litura . Maximum cocoon formation and adult emergence were recorded on H. armigera (82.4% and 70.5%, respectively) than on other insect hosts. These studies have important implications on development and survival of C. chlorideae on alternate insect hosts on non-transgenic crop plants, when there is paucity of H. armigera larvae on transgenic crops expressing Bt -toxins.     

拟除虫菊酯的杀虫活性和温度的关系

除了戊酸醚酯对苜蓿蚜呈弱的正温度系数外,杀灭菊酯、二氯苯醚菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氟氰菊酯及百树菊酯,都呈负温度系数。杀灭菊酯、戊酸醚酯、二氯苯醚菊酯、氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和氟氰菊酯,对梨网蝽全部呈正温度系数。氯氰菊酯对粘虫呈负温度系数,杀灭菊酯、戊酸醚酯、二氯苯醚菊酯和溴氰菊酯都呈正温度系数。杀灭菊酯和溴氰菊酯对粘虫卵也呈正温度系数。杀灭菊酯对小菜蛾的杀虫活性,受温度的影响不明显,而戊酸醚酯则呈负温度系数。杀灭菊酯和戊酸醚酯对蚊幼呈正温度系数,而二氯苯醚菊酯则呈负温度系数。     

早熟素Ⅱ处理粘虫蛾对两性吸引的影响

本文首次报道早熟素Ⅱ对鳞翅目重要害虫粘虫Mythimna separata Walker的作用。试验证明羽化24小时以内未交配的粘虫蛾(雌雄比为1:1)与10微克/平方厘米的早熟素接触24小时后即明显地降低两性吸引的能力;雌雄比为2:1时,处理组的交配率比对照组降低60—70%。不同的配对(正常雄×正常雌、正常雄×处理雌、正常雌×处理雄、处理雌×处理雄)证明早熟素Ⅱ对雄、雌蛾均有影响,但对雄蛾的影响更大。已知昆虫咽侧体(CA)分泌的保幼激素(JH)对某些昆虫成虫的两性吸引有调控作用(Barth,1961;1962),本文对此进行了探讨,对早熟素处理后的雌、雄蛾咽侧体逐日进行了测量,它们都比对照小,雄蛾差异更大。雄蛾CA的组织切片也表现出明显的异常:细胞核变形,染色体颗粒凝聚、出现大量空斑,腺体腔内分泌物较少等。同位素标记甲硫氨酸测定离体CA合成JH的结果表明:早熟素处理的雄蛾CA合成JH能力下降,在正常情况下出现高峰的第四天左右差异更为明显,雌蛾也有降低的趋势。     

Ascending flights for migration of the oriental armyworm,Pseudaletia separata

Flight behavior ofPseudaletia (= Mythimna)separata Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was observed around sunset in a grassland habitat at Morioka in northern Japan. Take-off flights by both females and males commenced on the first day following emergence. The proportion of moths flying increased gradually with age from 62% on day 1 to 86% on day 5. Flight could be categorized as ascending or short range, 2 to less than 10 m flights in the observation. The proportion of adults making ascending flights increased from 47% on day 1 to a maximum of 55% on day 2, and then gradually decreased to 29% on day 5. It is considered that the ascending flight is connected with long-distance migration. Mated females with matured eggs did not make ascending flights, but mated males did. Adults embarked on those flights at temperatures of 7.5°C or greater. On rainy days fewer adults flew upwards than on non-rainy days. The related species,Leucania pallens, did not fly up, but flew at slow speed at low altitude.

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Résumé Le comportement de vol dePseudaletia (Mythimna) separata Walker (Lep., Noct.) a été observé vers le crépuscule au dessus de prairies à Morioka (Japon septentrional). Les envols des femelles et des mâles débutent le jour suivant l'émergence. La proportion de papillons en vol augmente progressivement, de 62% le premier jour, à 86% le 5e jour. Les vols peuvent être classés en ascendants (2 à 10 m) ou à courte distance (inférieurs à 2 m). La proportion d'adultes effectuant des vols ascendants augmente, de 47% le premier jour, à un maximum de 55% le 2^e jour, pour diminuer progressivement jusqu'à 29% le 5^e jour. On considère que les vols ascendants sont lié aux migrations à longue distance. Les femelles fécondées contenant des ufs mûrs ne font pas de vols ascendants, tandis que les mâles ayant eu une activité sexuelle le font. Les adultes effectuent de tels vols aux températures supérieures ou égales à 7.5°C. Par temps pluveuxmoins d'adultes ont des vols ascendants que par temps sec. L'espèce voisine,Leucania pallens n'effectue pas de vols ascendants, mais vole à faible vitesse à basse altitude.

     

Effect of temperature and photoperiod on the calling behaviour of a migratory insect, the oriental armyworm Mythimna separata

Abstract The pre-calling period (PCP), between emergence and first release of pheromone, determines the number of nights over which female Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) can express their migratory potential. In its seasonal migrations in eastern Asia, this armyworm penetrates to latitudes at which it is unable to over-winter but at which reliable photoperiodic and temperature cues anticipate the deterioration of conditions. The effect of these environmental factors on PCP was examined in moths descended from samples collected in Nanjing (32^oN) during the summer migration. Under LD 14:10h, a reduction in temperature, from 23^oC during larval development to 18^oC from 24 h after pupation, resulted in a twofold increase in PCP compared with insects held at 23^oC. At 23^oC, short days (LD 12:12 h) extended PCP but the magnitude of the response was increased under a regime of decreasing photoperiod, from LD 15:9h, to LD 12:12 h through larval, pupal and adult development. Further experiments demonstrated that the response depended on a decrease in photoperiod from pre-pupal stage to adult emergence (the pupal period is spent below ground). A reduction of 50–60min over the 13–15 day pupal period at 23^oC was effective. The significance of decreasing photoperiods, irrespective of absolute levels, as a cue for species whose migrations traverse substantial ranges of latitude is considered and the results are discussed in relation to the genetic determination of PCP in M.separata and to its seasonal migrations in eastern China.     

对粘虫棉铃虫具有速杀活性的新有机磷杀虫剂T-751

T－751（0-甲基-o-苯基-s-正丙基硫代磷酸酯）对粘虫具有高速击倒活性,在所试验的5种杀虫剂中,T－751对粘虫击倒最快。在14·11mg／m2的剂量下,KT50值为5.32分钟,比杀螟松、喹噁磷分别高8倍和1倍。T－751对棉铃虫的击倒活性也是所试验的杀虫剂中最快的。T－751对粘虫具有胃毒和触杀活性,不具有内吸作用。     

夜蛾科卵的分类(三)

本文记述了13种夜蛾卵的形态,从不同方向的电镜照片显示出它们的形状和分类特征。