桃PpNST1和PpSND1转录因子基因的克隆与表达分析

为了解NAC类转录因子与桃果实内果皮发育木质化的关系,本文以桃内果皮为试材,采用同源基因克隆法获得了两个NAC类转录因子的全长编码区,分别命名为PpNST1和PpSND1。序列分析表明2个基因编码区全长均为1188bp,可编码396个氨基酸,其预测蛋白均包含1个NAC结构域和2个特征结构域（LP—box和WQ-box）。氨基酸序列系统进化分析显示PpNST1和PpSND1与苹果、葡萄、毛果杨和拟南芥等参与调控次生细胞壁形成和木质化的NST／SND1类转录因子具有较高同源性。荧光实时定量PCR分析表明,PpNST1和PpSND1的表达水平随内果皮的木质化程度加强而不断升高,分别于盛花期后59和52d达到最高表达量,且它们在内果皮中的表达水平远高于中果皮。对PpNST1和PpSND1下游可能的作用靶标进行进一步的表达分析表明,PpNST1和PpSND1可能在内果皮发育木质化过程中扮演重要角色。     

Isoform identification, recombinant production and characterization of the allergen lipid transfer protein 1 from pear (Pyr c 3)

Non-specific lipid transfer proteins belonging to LTP1 family represent the most important allergens for non pollen-related allergies to Rosaceae fruits in the Mediterranean area. Peach LTP1 (Pru p 3) is a major allergen and is considered the prototypic allergenic LTP. On the contrary, pear allergy without pollinosis seems to be under-reported when compared to other Rosaceae fruits suggesting that the as-yet-uncharacterized pear LTP1 (Pyr c 3) has in vivo a low allergenicity. We report here on the identification of four cDNAs encoding for LTP1 in pear fruits. The two isoforms exhibiting amino acid sequences most similar to those of peach and apple homologues were obtained as recombinant proteins. Such isoforms exhibited CD spectra and lipid binding ability typical of LTP1 family. Moreover, pear LTP1 mRNA was mainly found in the peel, as previously shown for other Rosaceae fruits. By means of IgE ELISA assays a considerable immunoreactivity of these proteins to LTP-sensitive patient sera was detected, even though allergic reactions after ingestion of pear were not reported in the clinical history of the patients. Finally, the abundance of LTP1 in protein extracts from pear peel, in which LTP1 from Rosaceae fruits is mainly confined, was estimated to be much lower as compared to peach peel. Our data suggest that the two isoforms of pear LTP1 characterized in this study possess biochemical features and IgE-binding ability similar to allergenic LTPs. Their low concentrations in pear might be the cause of the low frequency of LTP-mediated pear allergy.     

A glucose-tolerant β-glucosidase from Prunus domestica seeds: Purification and characterization

A glucose-tolerant β-glucosidase was purified to homogeneity from prune (Prunus domestica) seeds by successive ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and anion-exchange chromatography. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 61 kDa by SDS-PAGE and 54 kDa by gel permeation chromatography. The enzyme has a pI of 5.0 by isoelectric focusing and an optimum activity at pH 5.5 and 55 °C. It is stable at temperatures up to 45 °C and in a broad pH range. Its activity was completely inhibited by 5 mM of Ag⁺ and Hg²⁺. The enzyme hydrolyzed both p-nitrophenyl β-d-glucopyranoside with a K_m of 3.09 mM and a V_max of 122.1 μmol/min mg and p-nitrophenyl β-d-fucopyranoside with a K_m of 1.65 mM and a V_max of 217.6 μmol/min mg, while cellobiose was not a substrate. Glucono-δ-lactone and glucose competitively inhibited the enzyme with K_i values of 0.033 and 468 mM, respectively.     

基于AFLP标记的野生梅种质的鉴定

梅Prunus mume是我国原产的名花佳果。为有效保护和利用野生种质资源,文中采用了AFLP标记技术,结合形态表型特征分析,对65份野梅种质进行试验分析。首先从64对引物中筛选出MseⅠ-EcoRⅠ8对引物组合,扩增出1 002条多态性条带。按照Nei’72距离系数进行聚类,在Nei’72=0.26处,可区分西山野梅原变种、西山野梅原种、西山毛梅、厚叶梅、南大坪桃梅、嵩明小梅、曲梗常绿梅、蜡叶梅以及匍匐梅,这与形态学上变种或变型的划分一致。群体内变种单株样本遗传多样性丰富。基于梅花种质资源的遗传变异,建议今后需要对所有变种与变型进行有效的保护。     

Synthesis of (R)-2-trimethylsilyl-2-hydroxyl-propionitrile catalyzed by (R)-hydroxynitrile lyase from Prunus japonica seed meal

Synthesis of (R)-2-trimethylsilyl-2-hydroxyl-propionitrile via asymmetric transcyanation of acetyltrimethylsilane with acetone cyanohydrin in an aqueous/organic biphasic system catalyzed by (R)-hydroxynitrile lyase from Prunus japonica seed meal was successfully carried out for the first time. The optimal volume ratio of aqueous to organic phase, buffer pH value and reaction temperature were 15% (v/v), 5.0 and 30°C, respectively, under which both substrate conversion and product enantiomeric excess (ee) were 99%. Silicon atom in the substrate showed great effect on the reaction. Acetyltrimethylsilane was a much better substrate for (R)-hydroxynitrile lyase from Prunus japonica than its carbon analogue.     

桃不同类群的遗传多样性及其遗传结构的RAPD分析

采用RAPD技术,利用从200个随机引物筛选的22个十碱基引物对桃10个类群180个样品的DNA进行扩增,得到180个位点。通过对所得的数据统计分析,在类群的遗传多样度上表现为:黄肉桃类>蜜桃类>蟠桃类>红叶桃类>硬肉桃类>碧桃类>水蜜桃类>油桃类>寿星桃类>垂枝桃类。在180个位点中检验出多样度范围在0.4以上的位点分布在桃总群体中的有37个,而在桃类群间的则有13个。聚类分析的结果是:桃食用栽培品种的类群聚为一组;其它非食用桃类群各为一组。对桃类群的遗传多样性及其结构分析,为桃的品种资源保存和利用提供分子生物学依据。     

梅花‘南京红’花色色素花色苷的分子结构

经特殊颜色反应、纸层析、紫外 -可见光谱、高效液相色谱、气相色谱和核磁共振波谱分析表明 :梅花‘南京红’花色色素的 3种主要花色苷分别是 :花青素 3 氧 (6″ 氧 α 吡喃型鼠李糖基 β 吡喃型葡萄糖 )苷 ,花青素 3 氧 (6″ 氧 没食子酰 β 吡喃型葡萄糖 )苷和花青素 3 氧 (6″ 氧 反式阿魏酰 β 吡喃型葡萄糖 )苷。花青苷在根本上决定着‘南京红’的粉红色花色 ,并可能强化‘南京红’的耐寒能力 ,也奠定了开发和利用该种花色色素的基础。