Preliminary evidence for novel fucose-containing lipids in normal and murine sarcoma virus-transformed rat cells.

Two fucose-containing lipids with long chain base as their apolar moiety are described. These compounds were shown to possess a free amino group and a net positive charge by derivatization with specific amino reagents and by cation exchange column chromatography. The presence of long chain base was demonstrated by periodate-NaB[³H]₄ treatment to yield long chain alcohol and by [³H]-dansylation followed by hydrolysis to yield dansyl-long chain base.     

草鱼肾脏和脾脏血细胞发育过程的观察

鱼类肾脏、脾脏是机体造血的主要器官。印迹涂片显示:草鱼肾脏和脾脏内血细胞的发育过程大致经历了三个阶段,即原始阶段、幼稚阶段、成熟阶段。本文着重描述了各阶段细胞的形态特征井对草鱼血细胞的发育及命名等问题作了初步的探讨。       

代谢工程及其在产苯丙氨酸基因工程菌构建中的应用

本文对代谢工程的发展状况从研究方法,在医药、农业及环保中应用等几方面做了概括地介绍;从宿主的选择,加速限速反应,改变代谢流和生产程序的优化几方面较为详细地评述了代谢工程在苯丙氨酸基因工程菌构建方面的应用,并对代谢工程的未来发展进行了展望。     

Mechanism of action of salsolinol on tyrosine hydroxylase

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis. Dopamine regulates TH as an end-product inhibitor through its binding to a high and low affinity site, the former being abolished by Ser40 phosphorylation only, and the latter able to bind and dissociate according to intracellular dopamine levels. Here, we have investigated TH inhibition by a dopamine metabolite found in dopaminergic brain regions, salsolinol (SAL). SAL is known to decrease dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway and mediobasal hypothalamus, and to also decrease plasma catecholamines in rat stress models, however a target and mechanism for the effects of SAL have not been found. We found that SAL inhibits TH activity in the nanomolar range in vitro, by binding to both the high and low affinity dopamine binding sites. SAL produces the same level of inhibition as dopamine when TH is non-phosphorylated. However, it produces 3.7-fold greater inhibition of Ser40-phosphorylated TH compared to dopamine by competing more strongly with tetrahydrobiopterin, the cofactor of this enzymatic reaction. SAL’s potent inhibition of phosphorylated TH would prevent TH from being fully activated to synthesise dopamine.     

厌氧产脂肽工程菌的构建及其代谢活性评价

利用微生物产生生物表面活性剂驱油,是微生物采油的重要技术之一.但油藏的缺氧环境使得大多数生物表面活性剂产生菌的代谢活性受到限制.本研究以筛选自油田采出水中的好氧产脂肽类表面活性剂的解淀粉芽孢杆菌BQ-2和兼性厌氧的施氏假单胞菌DQ-1为亲本菌,通过原生质体融合的方法构建了一株能在厌氧条件下迅速生长并能产脂肽类表面活性剂的融合子JD-3.融合子JD-3的菌落形态与亲本菌株BQ-2相似,其16S rDNA序列与BQ-2的相似度达99%;在厌氧条件下培养36 h,融合子JD-3发酵液的表面张力由初始的63.0 mN·m^-1降至32.5 mN·m^-1;薄层层析及红外光谱分析结果显示,JD-3在厌氧条件下的产物为脂肽类表面活性剂;该表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为90 mg·L^-1,且对原油、液体石蜡、煤油等有较好的乳化活性.JD 3在厌氧条件下可以蔗糖、葡萄糖或甘油为碳源,以蛋白胨等为氮源合成脂肽类表面活性剂,且经多次厌氧传代培养仍保持稳定的产生物表面活性剂功能,显示该菌株在油藏厌氧条件下对提高原油采收率具有较好的应用潜力.     

Inhibitory effects of enterococci on the production of hydrogen sulfide by hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria in raw meat

Aims: Applying competitive exclusion micro‐organisms to control hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) gas produced by hydrogen sulfide–producing bacteria (SPB) in chicken meat. Methods and Results: Five SPB strains, isolated from animal by‐products, were used for screening lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that can inhibit the production of H₂S by SPB in trypticase soy broth supplemented with l ‐cysteine (TSB‐l ‐cys). A sensitive and accurate test strip method was developed for H₂S determination in real time. One LAB strain, isolate L86, from cheese whey, demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity against the production of H₂S by SPB. The isolate L86 was confirmed as Enterococcus faecium that does not possess genes encoding for vancomycin resistance based on PCR analysis. Enterococcus faecium strain L86 reduced (P < 0·05) the yield of H₂S upto 51·2% in 10 h at 35°C in TSB‐l ‐cys medium. In fresh chicken meat, the yield of H₂S produced by the artificially inoculated SPB was reduced (P < 0·05) by 48·6, 49·7 and 69·8% in 10 h at 35, 30 and 25°C, respectively. Enterococcus faecium strain L86 also reduced (P < 0·05) by 53·8% on the yield of H₂S produced by the indigenous SPB in partially spoiled chicken meat at 35°C for 10 h. Conclusions: Enterococcus faecium strain L86 is effective on inhibiting the production of H₂S by SPB. Significance and Impact of the Study: The application of this biological agent to raw animal by‐products will provide a safer working environment in rendering processing plants and produce higher‐quality rendered products.     

元阳豆豉中高产蛋白酶乳酸菌的筛选及其产酶条件的研究

从云南省元阳地区采集豆豉样品,并从中分离得到62株乳酸菌菌株。通过脱脂乳平板试验,从中初步筛得到21株具有高蛋白酶活力的菌株,采用茚三酮法测定其蛋白酶活力,复筛出高产蛋白酶菌株YY-1-6L,并对其产酶条件进行研究。结果表明,YY-1-6L在以葡萄糖为碳源、多聚蛋白胨为氮源、起始pH 5.0的明胶诱导培养基中,接种量为3%,35℃发酵培养36 h,其蛋白酶活力高达32.50 U/mL,且K2HPO4、MgSO4能促进蛋白酶产生。