西洋参有效成分与气候生态因子的关系

通过回归分析、灰色关联分析等方法系统地分析了气候生态因子对西洋参有效成分含量的影响,结果表明：温度和日照是影响西洋参总皂甙含量的主要气候因子;其总皂甙的含量与总氨基酸的含量呈显著负相关,故气候因子对二者的作用方向相反;影响西洋参醚浸出物、醇浸出物以及水溶性浸出物含量的主要气候因子均为气温日较差和日照时。     

海洋真菌Fusariumsp.LD8岩藻多糖酶的液态发酵条件研究

通过对海洋真菌Fusariumsp.LD8产岩藻多糖酶发酵培养基组成及工艺条件的研究,得到较优培养基配方为:麸皮5%,海带粉2%,(NH4)2SO40.8%。以人工海水代替蒸馏水,接种量为3%,在恒温振荡器中以180r/min的速度振荡培养,岩藻多糖酶活可达2.10IU/mL。     

黄丘区特色治理开发小流域土壤侵蚀变化对景观格局演变的响应

研究土壤侵蚀与景观格局变化的关系对小流域的治理开发具有重要的指导意义。本研究以实施退耕还林草、生态农业、生态旅游及科技示范的黄土高原安塞南沟特色治理小流域为研究对象,基于GIS平台和通用土壤流失方程,分析小流域1981—2018年景观格局和土壤侵蚀量的时空演化特征,并利用主成分回归法,从斑块类型水平和景观水平两个尺度分析土壤侵蚀模数与3类9个景观格局指标的关系。结果表明: 研究期间,在5种景观类型中,耕地和林地面积的时空变化主导了南沟小流域景观格局的演化,并且影响整个小流域的聚集分散程度;南沟小流域的土壤侵蚀量逐年减少,1981—2018年土壤侵蚀面积减少29.7%,侵蚀模数减少61.2%,且有73.4%的区域土壤侵蚀强度减轻;耕地和林地面积的变化决定了整个小流域土壤侵蚀模数的变化,其景观格局指数的变化方向与该景观类型土壤侵蚀的变化方向一致;退耕还林草工程是流域景观格局变化、土壤侵蚀减轻的主要原因,特色开发治理可以减弱局部地区土壤侵蚀强度。景观类型的合理化配置能有效地防治小流域土壤侵蚀,将其与特色治理开发相结合有助于实现小流域可持续高质量发展。     

静态姿势图在飞行任务负荷所致的疲劳评估中的作用

目的:研究静态姿势图在飞行任务负荷所致疲劳评估中的作用。方法:30名符合条件的男性大学生被要求持续进行4小时的模拟飞行任务负荷,其静态姿势图及任务负荷成绩将在每小时末进行重复测量。根据变化敏感的参数,静态立位平衡指数将通过主成分分析法进行计算。随后,该指数与任务负荷水平的相互关系将通过曲线拟合进行分析。结果:在模拟飞行任务负荷影响下,被试静态姿势控制能力明显下降。静态立位平衡指数随着任务负荷时间的持续而明显增大,并与任务负荷时间存在线性关系(R~2=0.949);多重任务成绩与任务负荷持续时间之间存在二次曲线的关系(R~2=0.968),与静态立位平衡指数也呈现相似的二次方曲线关系(R~2=0.976)。结论:静态姿势图与飞行任务负荷水平具有线性关系,能够反映任务负荷所致疲劳水平的大小。     

坡度对农田土壤动物群落结构及多样性的影响

为了研究坡度对土壤动物群落的影响,于2010年3月和9月分别对川中丘陵区坡度为5°、15°、25°的3种农田土壤动物进行了调查。共采集土壤动物11657只,隶属4门11纲21目,弹尾目、蜱螨目、颤蚓目和线虫为优势类群。土壤动物群落的类群数在3月随坡度增加无显著变化(P>0.05),9月则呈波动性上升(P<0.01)。群落密度在3月随坡度增加而显著下降(P<0.01),9月的变化趋势则相反(P<0.05)。群落多样性指数在3、9两月均随坡度增加呈显著波动性变化(P<0.05)。坡度对弹尾目、蜱螨目和线虫等主要类群的密度影响显著(P<0.05),并具季节差异。主成分分析(PCA)结果表明坡度对农田土壤动物的群落结构有明显影响,Sorenson和Morisita-Horn相似性系数进一步表明坡度在3月份主要影响土壤动物群落的类群组成,在9月主要影响优势类群的密度。研究结果表明坡度对土壤动物的群落结构、多样性及主要类群的密度有显著影响,并存在季节差异。     

Quantitative Metaproteomics and Activity-based Protein Profiling of Patient Fecal Microbiome Identifies Host and Microbial Serine-type Endopeptidase Activity Associated With Ulcerative Colitis

The gut microbiota plays an important yet incompletely understood role in the induction and propagation of ulcerative colitis (UC). Organism-level efforts to identify UC-associated microbes have revealed the importance of community structure, but less is known about the molecular effectors of disease. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing in parallel with label-free data-dependent LC-MS/MS proteomics to characterize the stool microbiomes of healthy (n = 8) and UC (n = 10) patients. Comparisons of taxonomic composition between techniques revealed major differences in community structure partially attributable to the additional detection of host, fungal, viral, and food peptides by metaproteomics. Differential expression analysis of metaproteomic data identified 176 significantly enriched protein groups between healthy and UC patients. Gene ontology analysis revealed several enriched functions with serine-type endopeptidase activity overrepresented in UC patients. Using a biotinylated fluorophosphonate probe and streptavidin-based enrichment, we show that serine endopeptidases are active in patient fecal samples and that additional putative serine hydrolases are detectable by this approach compared with unenriched profiling. Finally, as metaproteomic databases expand, they are expected to asymptotically approach completeness. Using ComPIL and de novo peptide sequencing, we estimate the size of the probable peptide space unidentified (“dark peptidome”) by our large database approach to establish a rough benchmark for database sufficiency. Despite high variability inherent in patient samples, our analysis yielded a catalog of differentially enriched proteins between healthy and UC fecal proteomes. This catalog provides a clinically relevant jumping-off point for further molecular-level studies aimed at identifying the microbial underpinnings of UC.     

In-depth Profiling and Quantification of the Lysine Acetylome in Hepatocellular Carcinoma with a Trapped Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometer

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide with limited therapeutic options. Comprehensive investigation of protein posttranslational modifications in HCC is still limited. Lysine acetylation is one of the most common types of posttranslational modification involved in many cellular processes and plays crucial roles in the regulation of cancer. In this study, we analyzed the proteome and K-acetylome in eight pairs of HCC tumors and normal adjacent tissues using a timsTOF Pro instrument. As a result, we identified 9219 K-acetylation sites in 2625 proteins, of which 1003 sites exhibited differential acetylation levels between tumors and normal adjacent tissues. Interestingly, many novel tumor-specific K-acetylation sites were characterized, for example, filamin A (K865), filamin B (K697), and cofilin (K19), suggesting altered activities of these cytoskeleton-modulating molecules, which may contribute to tumor metastasis. In addition, we observed an overall suppression of protein K-acetylation in HCC tumors, especially for enzymes from various metabolic pathways, for example, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid metabolism. Moreover, the expression of deacetylase sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) was upregulated in HCC tumors, and its role of deacetylation in HCC cells was further explored by examining the impact of SIRT2 overexpression on the proteome and K-acetylome in Huh7 HCC cells. SIRT2 overexpression reduced K-acetylation of proteins involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including energy metabolism. Furthermore, cellular assays showed that overexpression of SIRT2 in HCC cells inhibited both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Taken together, our findings provide valuable information to better understand the roles of K-acetylation in HCC and to treat this disease by correcting the aberrant acetylation patterns.     

巴西人参化学成分和药理活性研究进展

巴西人参原产于南美洲,当地人把它当做具有壮阳、增强体质等作用的草药。巴西人参已在我国广西、浙江等地引种栽培成功,现代研究发现,其主要含有三萜和三萜皂苷类、甾体类等多种化学成分,具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、保护胃黏膜等药理活性。本文通过对近年来巴西人参的研究情况进行综述,阐明已有的化学物质基础和药理作用,为其进一步的深入研究和开发提供理论依据。     

中国薹草属黑穗薹草组的数量分类研究

对中国薹草属黑穗薹草组Sect.Racemosae及外类群冻原薹草组Sect.Frigidae共20种3变种采用38个形态特征进行了数量分类研究。聚类分析结果表明,黑穗薹草组应是一个自然分类群;支持了《中国植物志》将两对相似种：乌拉草（Carer meyeriana）与红原薹草（Carer hongyuanensis）、膨囊薹草（Carex lehmanii）与五台山薹草（Carex montis-wutaii）分别处理为种的观点。主成分分析结果表明,本组的分类特征较为稳定与集中,本组主成分分析散点图与聚类分析的分类结果大致吻合,并表明有关小坚果、果囊、鳞片、主茎叶和苞片的性状在本组的分类中起到了主要作用。     

猕猴桃品种果实性状特征和主成分分析研究

为深入了解猕猴桃不同品种(系)的果实性状与其倍性的相关性,本研究对国家猕猴桃种质资源圃保存的44个栽培品种(系)进行了果实性状分析,结果表明,44个栽培品种(系)的果实性状具有丰富的遗传多样性并且果实重量、果面毛被、果肉颜色和质地、果实维生素C含量、果实后熟天数和软熟果硬度、果实成熟期等与品种(系)倍性呈显著相关。对相关性状采用主成分分析表明,果实成熟时间、果肉质地、果面毛被和果实后熟天数、果肉颜色是区分品种(系)的主要特征。由于品种(系)的倍性与主要性状特征关联,品种(系)按倍性相对聚类,且二倍体品种(系)群和六倍体品种(系)群间无重叠,而四倍体品种(系)群与相邻的二倍体和六倍体品种(系)群均有一定重叠。