原发性肝癌患者术后癌因性疲乏的影响因素及其预测模型构建

摘要 目的：分析原发性肝癌患者术后癌因性疲乏（CRF）的影响因素并构建预测模型。方法：选取2020年1月～2023年1月湖南师范大学附属第一医院收治接受手术治疗的200例原发性肝癌患者,根据术后3个月是否存在CRF将患者分为CRF组（124例）和非CRF组（76例）。单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析影响原发性肝癌患者术后CRF的因素并构建其预测模型。通过受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析预测模型对原发性肝癌患者术后CRF的预测价值。结果：单因素分析显示,CRF组病程长于非CRF组,Child-Pugh分级B级、美国东部肿瘤协作组功能状态（ECOG）评分1～2分、辅助化疗、医疗付费方式自费、抑郁/焦虑比例高于非CRF组,文化程度高中及以上、家庭月收入＞3000元、高度社会支持度比例低于非CRF组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,病程延长、Child-Pugh分级B级、ECOG评分1～2分、辅助化疗、医疗付费方式自费、抑郁/焦虑为影响原发性肝癌患者术后CRF的独立危险因素,家庭月收入＞3000元、高度社会支持为独立保护因素（P＜0.05）。原发性肝癌患者术后CRF的预测模型方程：Logit（P）=P/1-P=-1.252+0.409×病程+0.839×Child-Pugh分级+1.378×ECOG评分+1.055×辅助化疗+1.476×医疗付费方式-0.793×家庭月收入+0.883×抑郁/焦虑-1.260×社会支持度。霍斯默-莱梅肖检验P＞0.05。ROC曲线分析显示,模型预测原发性肝癌患者术后CRF的曲线下面积为0.910,敏感度为87.10%,特异度为85.53%。结论：病程、Child-Pugh分级、ECOG评分、辅助化疗、医疗付费方式、抑郁/焦虑、家庭月收入、社会支持度为影响原发性肝癌患者术后CRF的因素,基于此构建的预测模型对原发性肝癌患者术后CRF的预测价值较高,可能有助于临床早期发现和干预原发性肝癌患者术后CRF,以改善患者预后。     

A novel oligoalginate lyase from abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, that releases disaccharide from alginate polymer in an exolytic manner

We previously reported the isolation and cDNA cloning of an endolytic alginate lyase, HdAly, from abalone Haliotis discus hannai [Carbohydr. Res.2003, 338, 2841-2852]. Although HdAly preferentially degraded mannuronate-rich substrates, it was incapable of degrading unsaturated oligomannuronates smaller than tetrasaccharide. In the present study, we used conventional chromatographic techniques to isolate a novel unsaturated-trisaccharide-degrading enzyme, named HdAlex, from the digestive fluid of the abalone. The HdAlex showed a molecular weight of 32,000 on SDS-PAGE and could degrade not only unsaturated trisaccharide but also alginate and mannuronate-rich polymers at an optimal pH and temperature of 7.1 and 42 degrees C, respectively. Upon digestion of alginate polymer, HdAlex decreased the viscosity of the alginate at a slower rate than did HdAly, producing only unsaturated disaccharide without any intermediate oligosaccharides. These results indicate that HdAlex degrades the alginate polymer in an exolytic manner. Because HdAlex split saturated trisaccharide producing unsaturated disaccharide, we considered that this enzyme cleaved the alginate at the second glycoside linkage from the reducing terminus. The primary structure of HdAlex was deduced with cDNAs amplified from an abalone hepatopancreas cDNA library by the polymerase chain reaction. The translational region of 822 bp in the total 887-bp sequence of HdAlex cDNA encoded an amino-acid sequence of 273 residues. The N-terminal sequence of 16 residues, excluding the initiation methionine, was regarded as the signal peptide of this enzyme. The amino-acid sequence of the remaining 256 residues shared 62-67% identities with those of the polysaccharide lyase family-14 (PL14) enzymes such as HdAly and turban-shell alginate lyase SP2. To our knowledge, HdAlex is the first exolytic oligoalginate lyase belonging to PL14.     

The effects of BmNPV on biochemical changes in primary cultures of Bombyx mori embryonic tissue

The effect of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) on biochemical changes of TC-100 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in embryonic primary cultures of silkworm was investigated. The primary cultures that reached 60% confluence were infected by 0.5, 1, and 2-ml viral inoculums (diluted with TC-100 medium representing multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.25, 0.5, and 1). Glucose, uric acid, urea, total protein, cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase were measured in the medium of BmNPV-infected primary cultures. All biochemical compounds showed significant changes. Glucose decreased considerably by about 55 mg/ml, while different concentrations of the virus inoculums did not demonstrate significant differences among them. Total protein had only increased in 2 ml concentration and there were no changes in other concentrations. Uric acid as a by-product accumulated dramatically in all concentrations, while the amount of urea reduced in all treatments and this reduction was more evident in lower concentrations. Cholesterol consumption was high in cultures postinfection, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity decreased in infected cells.     

Structural basis of the honey bee PBP pheromone and pH-induced conformational change

The behavior of insects and their perception of their surroundings are driven, in a large part, by odorants and pheromones. This is especially true for social insects, such as the honey bee, where the queen controls the development and the caste status of the other individuals. Pheromone perception is a complex phenomenon relying on a cascade of recognition events, initiated in antennae by pheromone recognition by a pheromone-binding protein and finishing with signal transduction at the axon membrane level. With to the objective of deciphering this initial step, we have determined the structures of the bee antennal pheromone-binding protein (ASP1) in the apo form and in complex with the main component of the queen mandibular pheromonal mixture, 9-keto-2(E)-decenoic acid (9-ODA) and with nonpheromonal components. In the apo protein, the C terminus obstructs the binding site. In contrast, ASP1 complexes have different open conformations, depending on the ligand shape, leading to different volumes of the binding cavity. The binding site integrity depends on the C terminus (111-119) conformation, which involves the interplay of two factors; i.e. the presence of a ligand and a low pH. Ligand binding to ASP1 is favored by low pH, opposite to what is observed with other pheromone-binding proteins, such as those of Bombyx mori and Anopheles gambiae.     

A mis-expression study of factors affecting Drosophila PNS cell identity

Drosophila PNS sense organs arise from single sensory organ precursor (SOP) cells through a series of asymmetric divisions. In a mis-expression screen for factors affecting PNS development, we identified string and dappled as being important for the proper formation of adult external sensory (ES) organs. string is a G2 regulator. dappled has no described function but is implicated in tumorigenesis. The mis-expression effect from string was analysed using timed over expression during adult ES-organ and, for comparison, embryonic Chordotonal (Ch) organ formation. Surprisingly, string mis-expression prior to SOP division gave the greatest effect in both systems. In adult ES-organs, this lead to cell fate transformations producing structural cells, whilst in the embryo organs were lost, hence differences within the lineages exist. Mis-expression of dappled, lead to loss and duplications of entire organs in both systems, potentially affecting SOP specification, in addition to affecting neuronal guidance.     

Phytoplankton biomass and production in northern South China Sea during summer: Influenced by Pearl River discharge and coastal upwelling

Chlorophyll a and primary production were studied in northern South China Sea during summer from 2007 to 2008. Microplankton dominated total phytoplankton biomass in the coast, while picoplankton dominated in the offshore. Algae bloom caused by Thalassionema nitzschioides was found at the subsurface of upwelling regions (D2, C2) in 2008, and maximum of phytoplankton abundance reached 1.58 × 10⁶ ind L^?1. Integrated primary production ranged from 189.3 to 976.2 mg m^?2 d^?1 in 2007, and ranged from 652.1 to 6601 mg m^?2 d^?1 in 2008. PP showed positive relationship with IPP (p < 0.01) and negative relationship with SST (p < 0.05). Coastal upwelling and Pearl River discharge sustained high PP, and played important role in regulating the phytoplankton biomass and production.     

Analysis of Possible Involvement of Local Bioelectric Responses in Chilling Perception by Higher Plants Exemplified by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cucurbita pepo</Emphasis>

Macroelectrodes and electrophysiological setup were used in experiments with stems of 15-day-old pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seedlings for computer-assisted data recording. It is shown that local bioelectric responses induced by graded local chilling are similar to the receptor potentials of animals. These responses increase gradually with stimulus strength and trigger the action potential generation when a temperature threshold is attained. The excitation threshold of cells in seedling stems displays the phenomenon of accommodation. Parameters of local bioelectric responses induced by intermittent cooling can undergo changes similar to sensitization-habituation patterns. The results indicate that local electrical responses may be involved in early stages of cooling perception in cells of higher plants devoid of locomotive functions.     

Sensory interaction during trap-finding by female onion flies: implications for ovipositional host-plant finding

Using various three-dimensional traps alone and in combination with the onion volatile, dipropyl-disulphide (Pr₂S₂), we found that visual behaviour of female onion flies, Delia antiqua (Meigen), varied with the visual context (background composition and trap spacing) in which traps were presented and the females' reproductive state (mated vs. unmated). Against a background of real onions, females alighted more frequently on spherical than cylindrical traps, and white than green spheres, but females responded equally to white and green cylinders. In an onion field, baiting traps with Pr₂S₂ significantly increased female response to white over green traps, but had no influence on their response to trap shape. When traps were spaced 10 m apart and against a background of bare soil, females orienting to Pr₂S₂ baits alighted more frequently on vertical than horizontal traps, but shape and spectral reflectance were insignificant. However, when traps were spaced 0.25 m apart, females orienting to Pr₂S₂ baits alighted more frequently on cylinders than spheres. Mated females alighted more frequently on green than white cylinders, but unmated females responded to cylinders independent of spectral reflectance. When located 20 m downwind from Pr₂S₂ baits, mated females alighted on green cylinders significantly more often than unmated females. Response to traps mimicking onion plants suggests that ovipositional host-finding in female onion flies is dominated by olfactory responses at long range (several metres) and by visual cues at short-range (ca. 1 m). The view that host location by female onion flies is a hierarchical response pattern mediated by multiple sensory modalities and modified by resource level (habitat) and reproductive status, is discussed.     

综合干预对原发性骨质疏松治疗依从性及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨骨质疏松防治综合干预对特需门诊原发性骨质疏松(POP)患者治疗依从性及生活质量的影响。方法:以2010年5月~2013年5月期间四川大学华西医院国际医疗中心收治的112例POP患者为研究对象,分为干预组和对照组,在药物治疗的同时给予不同的护理措施,6个月后比较两组干预前后POP知识掌握程度(OKT评分)、疼痛(VAS评分)、骨密度(BMD)以及生活质量(OQOLS评分)改善情况;随访1年后评价两组治疗依从性以及骨折发生率。结果:经过6个月的干预,干预组OKT评分、VAS评分以及BMD和治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.001),和对照组比较差异也均有统计学意义(P0.001)。干预组OQOLS评分的5个维度以及生活质量总评分和干预前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.001),和对照组比较差异也均有统计学意义(P0.001),对照组心理维度和社会维度和干预前比较差异不大(P0.05)。两组随访1年,干预组完全依存比例明显高于对照组,不依从比例低于对照组(P0.001);干预组病理性骨折发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:对特需门诊收治的原发性骨质疏松患者在药物治疗的基础上实施综合护理干预,能够明显提高患者的治疗依从性,提高骨密度增加比例,减少疼痛,降低骨折发生率,改善患者生活质量。