Protoplast isolation and fusion in Porphyra (Bangiales,Rhodophyta)

Two sediment sampling campaigns were conducted in 1978 and 1988 in Lake Geneva (Switzerland). Organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and its various forms were analyzed. Results indicate a stability of organic carbon and nitrogen mass, and a significant increase of phosphorus. The variation of phosphorus mass is related to the increase of nonapatite inorganic phosphorus. This study attempts to quantify the phosphorus exchanges at the water sediment interface. The dissolved oxygen level in the bottom water determines the exchange direction. In aerobic conditions, sediments accumulate the excess of phosphorus, while in anaerobic conditions, they constitute an internal source.     

韩国华津浦湖的鱼类区系

There are sevenlagoons onthe east coast of Korea,including Kyeongpo Lake,Hyang Lake,Mae Lake,Chung-cho Lake,Yeoungrang Lake,Songji Lake and HwajinpoLake.They are all originally natural and brackish waterlakes.Therefore,these lakes are not only historically veryimportant but also have high values for geological,andecological sciences.Natural lakes like lagoons are different from man-made lakes.That is,water level in natural lakes is almostconstant,cline by waterside is not much,and wet la…     

Observations on Aulacoseira nipponica from Lake Biwa, Japan, and Aulacoseira solida from North America (Bacillariophyceae)

A recent diatom, Aulacoseira nipponica (Skvortzow) Tuji comb. et stat. nov., is described from Lake Biwa, Japan, where they had been identified previously as Aulacoseira solida (Eulenstein) Krammer. These forms are compared with populations of A. solida from North America. The Japanese species differs from the North American specimens in characteristics related to the density of striae and form of the rimoportulae.     

Dopamine receptors in the rat brain: quantitative autoradiographic localization using [3H]sulpiride

In vitro labeling of tissue sections with [³H]sulpiride has been utilized in the present study to autoradiographically localize D₂-dopamine receptors in the rat brain. Preliminary biochemical studies, using slide-mounted tissue sections, were performed to define the optimal labeling conditions for this binding. Autoradiograms were generated by apposition of the labeled tissue sections to tritium-sensitive film. Specific binding sites for [³H]sulpiride were localized to the caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, pituitary, laminae I and III of the entorhinal cortex, substantia nigra, lateral mammillary nucleus and the stratum-lacunosum moleculare of the hippocampus. The high selectivity of [³H]sulpiride for the D₂-dopamine receptor indicates that it is a valuable tool for the autoradiographic localization and quantitation of neuroleptic receptors.     

洪湖生态环境的化学结构

本文探讨了化学元素在洪湖水、植物、沉积物中的分布,在此基础上分析了水生植物对元素的吸收特征及元素在生态系统中的贮存和迁移规律。指出湖水中Ｃａ￣（２＋）和是主要的阳离子和阴离子,湖水酸容纳能力在１．２×１０￣（－３）－２．０×１０￣（－３）ｍｏｌ／ｌＨ￣＋之间,水化学的稳定性受到碳酸盐地球化学平衡过程的控制;湖中水生植物具有富集Ｃ、Ｎ、Ｋ、Ｃａ和Ｃｄ的性质,并导致这些元素在沉积物表层集累;系统中Ｃ多存在于植物体中,Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ、Ｃａ和Ｍｇ多存在于沉积物中,沉积物分室是营养元素主要的贮存库。     

A new genus and species of freshwater monostiliferous hoplonemertean (Nemertea, Enopla) from the People's Republic of China

A new genus and species of freshwater monostiliferous hoplonemertean, Limnemertes poyangensis gen. et sp. nov., from Poyang Lake, People's Republic of China, is described and illustrated. The taxon is compared and contrasted with previously described freshwater hoplonemerteans. This is the fourth species of freshwater nemertean to be described from China and the first recorded from Poyang Lake.     

Site-specific chlorophyll reference conditions for lakes in Northern and Western Europe

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires EU Member States to assess the “ecological status” of surface waters. As a component of ecological status, many European countries are developing a classification scheme for chlorophyll concentrations as a measure of phytoplankton biomass. The chlorophyll classification must be based on the degree of divergence of a water body from an appropriate baseline or ‘reference condition’. This article describes the development of a series of regression models for predicting reference chlorophyll concentrations on a site-specific basis. For model development, a large dataset of European lakes considered to be in reference condition, 466 lakes in total, was assembled. Data were included from 12 European countries, but lakes from Northern and Western Europe dominated and made up 92% of all reference lakes. Data have been collated on chlorophyll concentration, altitude, mean depth, alkalinity, humic type, surface area and geographical region. Regression models were developed for estimating site-specific reference chlorophyll concentrations from significant predictor ‘typology’ variables. Reference chlorophyll concentrations were found to vary along a number of environmental gradients. Concentrations increased with colour and alkalinity and decreased with lake depth and altitude. Forward selection was used to identify independent explanatory variables in regression models for predicting site-specific reference chlorophyll concentrations. Depth was selected as an explanatory variable in all models. Alkalinity was included in models for low colour and humic lakes and altitude was included in models for low colour and very humic lakes. Uncertainty in the models was quite high and arises from errors in the data used to develop the models (including natural temporal and spatial variability in data) and also from additional explanatory variables not considered in the models, particularly nutrient concentrations, retention time and grazing. Despite these uncertainties, site-specific reference conditions are still recommended in preference to type-specific reference conditions, as they use the individual characteristics of a site known to influence phytoplankton biomass, rather than adopt standards set to generally represent a large population of lakes of a particular type. For this reason, site-specific reference conditions should result in reduced error in ecological status classifications, particularly for lakes close to typology boundaries.     

伊洛河流域外来草本植物分布格局

外来生物入侵及其防治已经成为生态学关注的重点和热点问题.目前的研究主要集中在外来入侵种上,然而入侵种仅占外来种中很少一部分,因此,研究外来种现有分布格局对研究生物入侵及其防治有重要意义.以伊洛河流域草本植物群落中的外来种为对象,沿河从河源地到入黄河口选取典型样地,在调查流域内草本植物群落中物种组成的基础上选取外来种,并对外来种种类组成及其分布格局进行研究.结果表明:流域内有外来草本植物27种,分属于15科,种类较多的科为菊科、苋科和豆科;引入方式以有意引种为主.流域横向不同生境间,河滩地在水流的养分富集、季节性洪水物理干扰及人为活动扰动作用下,呈现出受外来种分布较多,而受人类活动扰动最强且营养丰富的农田分布较小的分布格局;纵向环境梯度下,上游河源山地属于自然植被区,人为干扰较轻,且受外来种影响较小;中游丘陵区从自然生态系统向农业生态系统的过渡区域,人类活动的扰动有所加强;下游平原农业区,人类活动强烈,区域内以人工生态系统为主,群落物种组成简单但受外来种影响最大,受自然环境和人类活动的双重影响.不同物种在不同生境间差异明显,其中,小蓬草、钻叶紫菀和反枝苋广泛分布于3种生境中.总体上,伊洛河外来草本植物分布格局在自然因素的基础上强烈受人为因素的影响,呈现出从上游到下游逐渐增多的趋势.     

Integrated aquaculture in Chinese lakes and paddy fields

While pond culturing is still the staple of Chinese freshwater fisheries, its extensive development is handicapped by the increasing shortage of land resource for cereal production in face of China’s population growth. Accordingly, people have looked towards the development of aquaculture in lakes (and reservoirs) in the 1970s. This paper reviews the successful integrated measures taken in an experiment for raising fish in Donghu lake (East lake) of Wuhan. By way of (1) stocking the right kinds of fish; (2) producing a large number of sizeable fingerlings; (3) improving fish screens; (4) controlling predatory fish; and (5) applying the ‘driving and concentrating’ bulk harvesting fishing method, fish production of the lake has increased steadily from 180 t in 1971 to 800 t in 1978, and then to 1840 t in 1995, all in an area of 1500 ha, and all without any supplementary feeding. Integrated aquaculture in paddy fields, known to be beneficial to both rice and fish production, has been regaining momentum in recent years. The paper summarizes its underlying principle, its benefits—economical, social and ecological—and the prospect of its development in China.