由大肠杆菌中提取重组猪生长激素的研究

 本文通过研究提出了一种由大肠杆菌细胞中提取重组猪生长激素的方法。提取回收率为52.4％,纯度为94.1％,具有生物学活性。     

猪胰脏中胰岛素拮抗肽的分离纯化及其性质的初步研究

从猪胰脏的酸醇提取液中纯化了一个新的活性多肽——胰岛素拮抗肽,它在整体和细胞水平上对胰岛素都有明显的拮抗作用。猪胰脏的酸醇提取液经CM-52、BioGel P-6、DEAE-52及RP-HPLC纯化后,可得到纯的胰岛素拮抗肽。它能剂量相关地抑制胰岛素在离体大鼠脂肪细胞中的促脂合成活性,抑制50％胰岛素活性时所需的胰岛素拮抗肽为2.0×10~(-10)mol/L与被拮抗的胰岛素剂量在同一水平上。该肽含有较多的碱性氨基酸,分子量的3 000,其N-末端是封闭的。胰岛素拮抗肽的上述理化特征及其对胰岛素的拮抗活性均不同于目前已知的胰脏活性多肽。它对脂肪细胞中胰岛素的拮抗作用可能具有重要的生理意义。     

Immobilization of Lipase from Mucor Miehei Onto Poly (Ethylene) Based Graft Copolymers

Lipase from Mucor miehei was immobilized covalently onto hydrolyzed poly(ethylene)-g.co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (PE-HEMA). This hydrolysis of the copolymer was achieved using 0.1 M NaOH over different periods of time, under controlled conditions. The graft copolymers and their hydrolyzed equivalents were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC). Water sorption studies were undertaken to provide a measure of relative hydrophobicity of the samples.

The lipase immobilization reaction was studied in order to assess the effects of controlling various important parameters. These include the nature of the buffering medium, the time over which the immobilization was allowed to occur, the concentration of the activating and coupling agent used (CMC) and the concentration of enzyme employed during attempts at effective immobilization. The immobilized lipase was used in the hydrolysis of triolein (glycerol trioleate). From this study, the apparent K_M, the optimum pH for hydrolysis and the optimum temperature for hydrolysis were revealed.

The suitability of hydrolyzed poly(ethylene)-g.co-HEMA as a support in the immobilization of lipase was assessed by determination of the amount of lipase coupled to the support and by assessment of the retention of activity of the immobilized lipase after its exposure to the immobilization reagents, procedure and conditions.     

Enzymatic preparation of organometallic compounds with second-order optical nonlinearities

Twelve species of optically active metallocene derivatives having a 4-nitrophenyl group were prepared with horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase- or lipase-catalyzed optical resolution as the key step. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiently of these products was measured by the power method using the fundamental light from the Nd:YAG laser. (-)-1- (4-Nitrophenylthio)ethylferrocene (9), (+)-1-(4-nitrophenylthio)ethylruthenocene (16), (+)-1-(4-nitrophenylthio)ethylosmocene (19), (+) -1-(5-nitro-2-pyridylthio)ethylruthenocene (21), and (+) -1-[(4-nitrophenylhydrazono)methyl] -2-methylferrocene (12) showed SHG signals. The highest SHG efficiency was found with (+) -16, being 27 times more intense than the commonly used urea standard.     

The 72-kDa Microtubule-Associated Protein from Porcine Brain

A microtubule-associated protein (MAP) with a molecular mass of 72-kDa that was purified from porcine brain by using its property of heat stability in a low pH buffer was characterized. Low-angle rotary shadowing revealed that the 72-kDa protein was a rodlike protein approximately 55-75 nm long. The 72-kDa protein bound to microtubules polymerized from phosphocellulose column-purified tubulin (PC-tubulin) with taxol and promoted the polymerization of PC-tubulin in the absence of taxol. Microtubules polymerized by the 72-kDa protein showed a tendency to form bundles of several microtubules. Quick-freeze, deep-etch electron microscopy revealed that the 72-kDa protein formed short crossbridges between microtubules. We performed peptide mapping to analyze the relationship of the 72-kDa protein to other heat-stable MAPs, and the results showed some resemblance of the 72-kDa protein to MAP2. Cross-reactivity with a monoclonal anti-MAP2 antibody further suggested that the 72-kDa protein and MAP2 are immunologically related. To study the relationship between the 72-kDa protein and MAP2C, a smaller molecular form of MAP2 identified in juvenile rat brain, we prepared the 72-kDa protein from rat brain by the same method as that used for porcine brain. The fact that the 72-kDa protein from juvenile rat brain was also stained with our monoclonal anti-MAP2 antibody also suggested that the 72-kDa protein is an MAP2C homologue of the porcine brain.     

Continuous hydrolysis of olive oil by immobilized lipase in organic solvent

Lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) from Candida rugosa was immobilized with DEAE-Sephadex A50, Sephadex G50, Sephadex LH-20, Amberlite IRA94, and Amberlite XAD-7. The enzye immobilized with DEAE-Sephadex A50 was found to be most effective for continuous hydrolysis of olive oil in isooctane. For the continuous reaction, 0.2 g of dry immobilized enzyme was swollen with predetermined amount of water, and packed in a glass column reactor. When the organic solvent (Isooctane) containing olive oil substrate was cocurrently fed with aqueous buffer, the two phases were evenly distributed throughout the packed bed without surfactant supplement or prior mixing of the two phases. A small amount of the surfactant (AOT) was used only in packing procedure, and no additional surfactant was necessary thereafter. Effects of initial water content of the swollen gel, buffer types, and strength were examined in the continuous reaction. Our results suggest that the operational half-life was affected by desorption of the bound enzyme. Under the conditions of 20% olive oil in isooctane and 25 mM triethanolamine buffer (pH 7.0), operational half life was 220 h at 30 degrees C. The reactor was also operable with n-hexane, but the operational stability of the immobilized enzyme in n-hexane was only half of that in isooctane. Our results indicate that various enzyme carrier having hydrophilic or amphiphilic properties could be used for two-phase continuous reaction in packed-bed column, reactor without any surfactant supply or prior dispersion of the two immiscible phases. (c) 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Hydrolysis of butteroil by immobilized lipase using a hollow-fiber reactor: part I. lipase adsorption studies

Adsorption of proteins from a crude preparation containing a lipase from Aspergillus niger on microporous polypropylene hollow fibers was studied at six different temperatures. Langmuir isotherms accurately describe the overall adsorption equilibria. Lipase is selectively adsorbed relative to the other proteins in the crude preparation. Hence, immobilization also provides further purification of the lipase. The predictions of the Langmuir model for the change in the specific activity of lipase upon adsorption are consistent with experimental results. The loading capacity of the hollow fibers decreases and the adsorption constant increases as temperature is increased. This effect is more significant in the case of lipolytic activity than it is for the total amount of adsorbed protein. Small, positive enthalpy changes are associated with the adsorption of lipase on these hydrophobic membranes.     

Triglyceride interesterification by lipases. 3. Alcoholysis of pure triglycerides

Lipase-catalyzed alcoholysis of triolein dissolved in ethanol or isopropanol for the formation of ethyl and isopropyl esters was investigated. Of 16 lipases screened, Amano lipase from P. fluorescens was selected for investigation of the effects of basic reaction conditions on alcoholysis yields. Ethanolysis yields were only slightly affected by water additions to immobilized lipase preparations. Isopropyl ester yields decreased with water addition. Good operational stability was observed over 17 days. Changes in initial triolein concentration in the range 5–50 mM had very little effect on ester yields. The ionic strength of the phosphate buffer used in lipase immobilization affected ethanolysis and isopropanolysis yields in opposite ways. The highest ethanolysis yields were obtained with lipases immobilized from 250 mM buffer, while isopropyl ester yields were highest with lipases immobilized from water. In addition, the quantities and isomers of monoglyceride intermediates in ethanolysis were affected by the immobilization buffer strength. Larger quantities of 2-monoglycerides were formed in ethanolysis reactions with lipase preparations immobilized from water.     

Long cytoplasmic processes in pancreatic polypeptide cells

Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells were studied in human endocrine pancreatic tumours and in normal human pancreata by immunohistochemical techniques and electron miscroscopy. The existence of long cytoplasmic processes was demonstrated both in tumours and normal tissue. These processes are in close contact with other endocrine cells or with acinar cells. This particular morphological aspect suggests that PP cells may control the function of other cells via paracrine secretion.