Biosynthesis of Cobalamine,Erythromycin and Chlortetracycline by Streptomyces Species

Attempts were devoted to use Streptomyces aureofaciens and Streptomyces erythreus, the antibiotics producers as sources for the biosynthesis of cobalamine. The constituents of the fermentation medium and the strain play an important role in the biosynthesis of vitamin B₁₂. The same strain produced different amounts of antibiotic and vitamin on the two different constitutive media. The increase of the phosphorus concentration in the fermentation medium—within limits—increased the vitamin B₁₂ biosynthesis. The optimal concentration of phosphorus favourable for the synthesis of cobalamine was inhibitive for the antibiotic production. The phosphorus level in the fermentation medium plays an important role in the metabolism of carbohydrate and consequently on the biosynthesis of antibiotics. Low concentration of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (cobalamine precursor) in the presence of suitable phosphorus induced the microorganism to increase its biosynthetic potentiality for the vitamin B₁₂ production.     

不同浓度下四种除草剂对福寿螺和坑螺的生态毒理效应

以化学除草剂应用为前提的水稻免耕抛秧栽培技术是近年来推广的节本栽培新技术。为更好地评价除草剂的环境风险,为防治除草剂的负效应提供科学依据,采用室内静水模拟实验研究了4种免耕稻田除草剂丁草胺、苄嘧磺隆、丁苄混剂和氯酸钾的3种浓度梯度下对典型水生动物福寿螺、坑螺的影响。结果表明,各除草剂对水生动物的代谢都有不同程度的影响, 氯酸钾和苄嘧磺隆对2种水生动物的呼吸作用影响不大,而丁草胺和丁苄混剂对3种水生动物的呼吸作用的影响有显著的抑制作用,且呈现一定的剂量效应;在本实验染毒剂量下, 丁草胺和丁苄混剂对2种水生动物的存活率影响很大,而氯酸钾和苄嘧磺隆对其存活率影响较小。丁草胺和丁苄混剂处理对福寿螺的氮代谢影响远远大于氯酸钾和苄嘧磺隆处理,而从水体总氮和总磷含量的影响来看,4种除草剂对其影响都较大。总之,从4种除草剂对实验用螺存活率和主要代谢生理指标的综合影响大小来看,丁草胺>丁苄混剂>苄嘧磺隆>氯酸钾。     

不同生境福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata)的营养成分及其利用价值

为比较不同生境和不同肉色福寿螺的营养成分组成差异以探讨其在综合防治中的潜在利用价值,分析了鱼塘、沟渠和水田3种生境福寿螺以及黑白肉色福寿螺的一般营养成分和氨基酸组成。结果表明:鱼塘福寿螺的水分和粗脂肪含量最高,沟渠福寿螺的灰分含量最高,水田福寿螺的水分、粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量最低,沟渠和鱼塘福寿螺的粗蛋白含量都高于13%,鱼塘福寿螺的总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、呈味氨基酸含量和必须氨基酸指数均最高,但必需氨基酸的比例最低;水田福寿螺的必需氨基酸和呈味氨基酸含量高于沟渠福寿螺,必需氨基酸指数依次是鱼塘>水田>沟渠,白肉福寿螺的总体营养价值较黑肉福寿螺高,福寿螺的总体必需氨基酸组成与鱼粉(CP53.5%)较为接近;在利用中应充分考虑不同生境和不同肉色福寿螺营养组成存在的差异。