Microwave-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction of piceid, resveratrol and emodin from Polygonum cuspidatum by ethanol/ammonium sulphate systems

Microwave-assisted, aqueous two-phase extraction was investigated to obtain effective constituents, including piceid, resveratrol and emodin in Polygonum cuspidatum. An aqueous two-phase system consisting of 25% (w/w) ethanol 21% (w/w) (NH₄)₂SO₄ gave equal yields of piceid, and 1.1- and 1.9-times higher yields of resveratrol and emodin, respectively, than that achieved by microwave-assisted extraction and heat reflux extraction. Three-separate operations, extraction, clarification and concentration, are hereby integrated into a single step to get higher yields at lower cost. This is therefore a potentially useful method for the extraction and purification of target products.     

青海高原矮嵩草和珠芽蓼的光合适应性比较(英文)

对生长在两个海拔地带 (3 2 0 0m ,3 980m)的矮嵩草 (KobresiahumilisSerg.)和珠芽蓼 (PolygonumviviparumL .)叶片的叶绿素荧光特性及其叶绿体超微结构进行了比较研究。海拔升高 ,矮嵩草和珠芽蓼叶片的Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm和Rfd值均增大 ,且矮嵩草的Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm 和Rfd值均大于珠芽蓼。叶绿体超微结构的结果显示 ,海拔升高 ,珠芽蓼和矮嵩草的叶绿体都表现出一定程度的变形 ,但珠芽蓼的叶绿体变形和类囊体膜肿胀现象更为显著。研究表明 ,矮嵩草和珠芽蓼光合作用对高山胁迫环境具有很强的适应性 ,且矮嵩草的适应能力比珠芽蓼强。     

Biotransformation of 4-Hydroxybenzen Derivatives by Hairy Root Cultures of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.

The biotransformation of four 4-hydroxybenzen derivatives （1,4-benzenediol （compound 1）, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde （compound 2）, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol （compound 3） and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid （compound 4）） by the hairy root cultures of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. as a new biocatalyst was investigated. It was found that the substrates were transformed to their corresponding glucosides, 4-hydroxyphenyl β-D-glucopyranoside （arbutin, compound la）, 4-hydroxymethylphenyl β-D-glucopyranoside （gastrodin, compounds 2a, 3a） and 4-carboxyphenyl α-D- glucopyranoside （compound 4a）, respectively. In the meantime, the hairy roots of P. multiflorum were able to stereoselectively and regioselectively glucosylate phenolic hydroxyl groups of compounds 1-4, but the cultures could not glucosylate the aldehyde group of compound 2 or the benzyllc hydroxyl group of compound 3, and no glucosyl esterification of carboxyl groups of compound 4 was detected. On the other hand, the result also showed that the hairy roots of P. multiflorum were able to reduce the 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde to its corresponding alcohol. This is the first report that substrate 4 has been converted into its α-D-glucopyranoside by a plant biotransformα- tion system.     

Sensitivity of Polygonum aviculare seeds to light as affected by soil moisture conditions

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: It has been hypothesized that soil moisture conditions could affect the dormancy status of buried weed seeds, and, consequently, their sensitivity to light stimuli. In this study, an investigation is made of the effect of different soil moisture conditions during cold-induced dormancy loss on changes in the sensitivity of Polygonum aviculare seeds to light. METHODS: Seeds buried in pots were stored under different constant and fluctuating soil moisture environments at dormancy-releasing temperatures. Seeds were exhumed at regular intervals during storage and were exposed to different light treatments. Changes in the germination response of seeds to light treatments during storage under the different moisture environments were compared in order to determine the effect of soil moisture on the sensitivity to light of P. aviculare seeds. KEY RESULTS: Seed acquisition of low-fluence responses during dormancy release was not affected by either soil moisture fluctuations or different constant soil moisture contents. On the contrary, different soil moisture environments affected seed acquisition of very low fluence responses and the capacity of seeds to germinate in the dark. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that under field conditions, the sensitivity to light of buried weed seeds could be affected by the soil moisture environment experienced during the dormancy release season, and this could affect their emergence pattern.     

中国蓼属萹蓄组植物果实形态的研究

应用解剖镜和电子扫描显微镜对中国产蓼属萹蓄组Polygonum sect.Polygonum 16种1变种及1变型植物的果实形态进行了研究。发现该组5种一年生植物的果实具有两型性,即有长、短两种果实类型。短果类型为卵形,具三棱,包于宿存花被内或与花被近等长,呈黑褐色。在解剖镜下观察到其表面具小点、无光泽,而在电子扫描显微镜下观察到其表面具有散乱分布或排列成行的瘤状颗粒;长果类型为狭卵形,具三棱,长于宿存花被,黄褐色或淡黄绿色,在解剖镜下观察到其表面平滑、有光泽,而在电子扫描显微镜下观察到其表面上部具有散乱分布的瘤状颗粒,中、下部则具不规则洼点、星花状褶皱或浅波纹状。果实具两型性的植物有萹蓄P.aviculare、乌鲁木齐萹蓄P.urumqiense、展枝萹蓄P.patulum、直立萹蓄P.avicularef.erectum和尖果萹蓄P.rigidum。果实微形态可分为两种类型：1.果实表面无瘤状颗粒或疣状突起、有光泽,此类型又可以分为2种亚类型：（1）果实表面平滑、浅波纹状,如岩萹蓄P.cognatum、松叶萹蓄P.acerosum和帚萹蓄P.argyrocoleum;（2）果实表面具浅洼点或洼点,如铁马鞭P.plebeium和针叶萹蓄P.polycnemoides。2.果实表面有瘤状颗粒或疣状突起,无或具微光泽,此类型又可分为4种亚类型：（1）果实表面具疣状突起,如圆叶萹蓄P.intramongolicum.;（2）果实表面具散乱分布的瘤状颗粒,如普通萹蓄P.humifusum和展枝萹蓄的短果;（3）果实表面具有纵行排列的瘤状颗粒,如萹蓄和乌鲁木齐萹蓄的短果;（4）果实表面上部具散乱分布的瘤状颗粒,中、下部具不规则洼点、星花状褶皱或浅波纹状,如萹蓄、展枝萹蓄、直立萹蓄和尖果萹蓄的长果。因此果实两型性和果实微形态特征对蓼属萹蓄组种、变种的鉴定具有较大的分类学价值。基于果实微形态特征以及其他形态特征,确定了新种晖春萹蓄Polygonum huichunense F.Z.Li,Y.T.Hou＆C.Y.Qu,同时恢复褐鞘萹蓄Polygonum aviculareL.var.fusco-ochreatum（Kom.）A.J.Li为原种,即Polygonum fusco-ochreatum Kom.。     

制首乌醇提物及其主要成分大黄素对斑马鱼非酒精性脂肪肝的治疗作用

研究制首乌醇提物及其主要成分大黄素对斑马鱼非酒精性脂肪肝疾病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD)的治疗作用。选取野生型斑马鱼若干,随机均分为对照组、模型组、制首乌醇提物(RPMP)组和大黄素(emodin)组,于胚胎受精后5天,对照组给于普通饲料AP100,模型组给予2 mg/mL蛋黄粉(EY powder),制首乌醇提物组分别给予2 mg/mL蛋黄粉与低剂量组(1 mg/mL)、中剂量组(1.5 mg/mL)、高剂量组(2 mg/mL),大黄素组分别给予2 mg/mL蛋黄粉与低剂量组(0.25μg/mL)、中剂量组(0.5μg/mL)、高剂量组(1μg/mL)。72 h后观察斑马鱼存活率和体重、体长、BMI的变化■,用整体油红染色评判脂肪肝发生率,石蜡切片观察肝组织病理形态,甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)试剂盒判断斑马鱼体脂含量。制首乌醇提物组与大黄素组能显著降低非酒精性脂肪肝斑马鱼的死亡率、BMI、TG含量,并显著改善斑马鱼幼鱼肝脏脂质沉积情况(P<0.05)。由此可见制首乌醇提物与大黄素可有效治疗斑马鱼NAFLD,且大黄素可能为制首乌治疗NAFLD的主要有效成分。     

UHPLC-QTOF-MSMS比较两种不同基原火炭母的化学成分

为评价不同基原火炭母药材的质量差异,本文采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱联用(UHPLC-QTOF-MSMS)技术研究火炭母原变种和硬毛火炭母(变种)的化学成分。结果表明:酚酸类、黄酮类成分是火炭母原变种及硬毛火炭母的主要成分;通过与标准品对照,没食子酸、绿原酸、鞣花酸和槲皮苷等4个成分被准确鉴定;其余21个峰通过一级质谱精确质荷比和二级质谱碎片、结合数据库匹配及参考文献等进行结构鉴定。这一分析方法快捷方便,可快速区别火炭母原变种和硬毛火炭母中的化学成分,为全面研究火炭母药材的质量标准和品质评价等提供科学依据。     

蓼属一新变种——铺地火炭母

采自海南省文昌市文昌镇一个蓼科蓼属植物新变种,与火炭母(Polygonum chinenseLinn.var.chinense)相比较,其主要特点是茎匍匐,叶具大斑点,命名为铺地火炭母(Polygonum chinenseLinn.var.procumbensZ.E.Zhao et J.R.Zhao)。     

抱茎蓼挥发油成分及其抗菌活性的研究

水蒸气蒸馏法从抱茎蓼全草中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其挥发油组分进行分离和鉴定,运用气相色谱面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量,并利用正构烷烃系列物质对各组分进行定性确定,从抱茎蓼全草的挥发油中检出41个组分,占全油的99.21%,鉴定出38个组分,其主要组分是石竹烯(16.98%)、3-己烯-1-醇(14.69%)、3-辛烯-3醇(8.89%)、a-里哪醇(7.13%)、β-环柠檬醛(6.36%)等。对抱茎蓼全草的挥发油做了抗菌试验,其挥发油对大肠埃希菌(ATCC25922株)、肠炎沙门菌(50040株)、金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC25925株)有显著地抑制和灭活作用。     

头花蓼和头状蓼的HPLC指纹图谱鉴定研究

建立头花蓼、头状蓼HPLC指纹图谱鉴定方法。用RP—HPLC（DAD）法,梯度洗脱,测定不同产地头花蓼及头状蓼的指纹图谱,并作相似度比较分析。不同产地头花蓼指纹图谱相似度较好,而头花蓼与头状蓼的指纹图谱有明显差异。HPLC指纹图谱具有重现性好,特征性强,方法简便等特点,可用于头花蓼、头状蓼药材的鉴别。