蓼二醛对蚜虫的拒食活性

辣蓼(Polygonum hydropiper L.)中的天然产物蓼二醛((-)-POLYGODIAL)具有很好的昆虫拒食活性。本文介绍了提取、分离的方法和含量测定。结果表明,我国辣蓼叶中含有蓼二醛约为0,08%。合成的蓼二醛在室内对空气、光和热的半衰期分别为34.6天、33.8天和15,6天。室内外生测结果表明,天然蓼二醛的乙醚提取物对蚜虫有很好的柜食活性。     

产黄青霉菌株39B分离培养及其白藜芦醇代谢积累条件研究

在虎杖组织培养过程中获得1株产黄青霉菌株(Penicillum chrysogenum,39B)菌株,其发酵液经TLC和HPLC检测含白藜芦醇,对其培养条件及白藜芦醇积累特性进行了研究,通过正交优化试验得到该菌最佳培养条件:20g/L葡萄糖,2g/L硝酸铵,pH值7.0,28℃,100r/min。3mmol/L苯丙氨酸、Mg2+、Zn2+能促进其生长和白藜芦醇的积累,其白藜芦醇含量达8.6617μg/100mL。     

双水相萃取技术在白藜芦醇提纯工艺中的应用

论文研究了双水相萃取体系在提纯白藜芦醇工艺中的应用,用乙醇-硫酸胺-水双水相体系使虎杖提取液中的各物质按极性不同在油水两相中得到分离。双水相萃取时,白藜芦醇的含量远高于有机溶剂萃取,达34.29%。可见双水相技术可以完全代替有机溶剂萃取技术提纯白藜芦醇,产品纯度高,具有工艺简单,毒性小,成本低等优点。     

何首乌总RNA提取方法的比较及改进

目的：探讨不同提取方法对提取何首乌总RNA的质量影响,寻找适于何首乌成熟叶组织RNA的提取方法。方法：以何首乌成熟叶组织为材料,采用SDS／酸酚法、常规CTAB法及改良的TRIzol试剂法分别进行实验,并对所提取RNA的质量进行验证。结果：采用3种方法都能提取出RNA,但质量差异较大。其中改良的TRIzol试剂法能有效抑制次生物质的影响,提取的RNA产量可达70-110μg／g,纯度高于其他2种方法,D260nm／D280nm值为1．85～1．97。结论：改良的TRIzol试剂法操作简便,提取的RNA完整性和纯度较高,可以满足下一步实验的要求。     

火炭母化学成分的研究

从火炭母(PolygonumchinenseLinn.)中分离获得了12个化合物。通过光谱分析,分别鉴定为丁香酸(1)、芹菜素(2)、3,3'-二甲基鞣花酸(3)、没食子酸(4)、原儿茶酸(5)、异鼠李素(6)、咖啡酸(7)、槲皮素(8)、木犀草素(9)、没食子酸甲酯(10)、广寄生苷(11)和3,4,8,9,10-pentahydroxy-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-one(12)。除4和8外,其余化合物均为首次从火炭母中分离得到。     

中国蓼属(蓼科)三新种

描述了中国新疆蓼科Polygonaceae蓼属萹蓄组Polygonum section Polygonum 3新种。乌鲁木齐萹蓄P. urumqiense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou &; F. J. Lu在体态上与萹蓄P. aviculare L.很相近, 但花在枝上部叶腋簇生成穗状花序, 雄蕊5–6枚, 瘦果两型, 长果表面密具不规则排列的小点, 易于区别。塔城萹蓄P. tachengense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou &; F. J. Lu在枝上部的花不形成总状花序, 雄蕊8枚, 瘦果表面具成行的小点等方面与萹蓄近缘, 其区别在于3–6花仅簇生于枝上部叶腋, 叶片条状披针形, 背面主、侧脉极其隆起, 托叶鞘较长, 约达1.1 cm, 具15–20条纵脉; 又因其茎直立, 花簇生于枝上部叶腋而与展枝萹蓄P. patulum M. Bieb.相近, 其区别在于叶背面中脉和侧脉极其隆起, 托叶鞘较长, 达1.1 cm, 具15–20条纵脉, 枝上部的叶不渐小, 花在枝上部叶腋簇生, 不形成总状花序, 瘦果表面具成行的小点。石河子萹蓄Polygonum shiheziense F. Z. Li, Y. T. Hou &; F. J. Lu茎直立, 花3–6朵簇生于枝上部叶腋, 雄蕊8枚, 瘦果表面光滑, 略具光泽, 与帚萹蓄P. argyrocoleon Steud. ex Kunze相近, 区别在于叶背面中脉和侧脉极其隆起, 托叶鞘长, 达1.1 cm, 具15–20条纵脉, 花在枝上部叶腋簇生, 不形成总状花序; 同时在体态上又与塔城萹蓄十分相近, 但其枝上部的叶逐渐变小,瘦果表面光滑, 略具光泽,易于区别。对3个新种及其近缘种的花粉形态、叶表皮特征和瘦果微形态进行了光镜和扫描电镜比较观察。     

山东蓼属及近缘植物（蓼科）果实外果皮解剖学研究

利用光学显微镜对山东产蓼属（Polygonum）及近缘植物20种2变种的果实外果皮解剖学特征进行了观察研究。结果表明,其果实外果皮细胞在横切面上为方形、短矩形或狭长矩形,排列为栅栏状,细胞腔形状多样,大小取决于细胞壁增厚程度,具树状分枝或二叉分枝,垂周壁平直或波纹状。根据细胞垂周壁式样及细胞腔形状划分为3种类型,即：A.细胞腔近狭三角形,具树状分支,垂周壁强烈折曲,壁内多褶皱和空隙,如萹蓄。B.细胞腔近狭长、具树状分支,该类型又分为两个亚型：B1细胞腔形状无规则,垂周壁强烈折曲或波纹状,如春蓼;B2细胞腔形状规则,垂周壁平直,如拳参。C.细胞腔狭小,二叉至四叉分支,垂周壁平直,如篱蓼。果实外果皮解剖学特征对蓼族各属的范围界定及某些存疑种的系统学位置的处理具有重要意义。     

外源激素对何首乌毛状根生长及蒽醌类成分生物合成的影响

研究了外源激素对液体培养何首乌毛状根生长及其蒽醌类化合物生物合成的影响。结果表明外源激素2,4-D、NAA和6-BA对何首乌毛状根的生长及蒽醌生物合成有较大的影响。在MS培养基中添加2,4-D对何首乌毛状根的生长和蒽醌类化合物的生物合成有很强的抑制作用,而添加适量浓度NAA和6-BA则可促进何首乌毛状根的生长以及蒽醌类物质的生物合成。     

Dynamic phenotypic plasticity for root growth in Polygonum: a comparative study

Species differences in patterns of phenotypic plasticity may be an important aspect of adaptive diversity. Plasticity for functionally important root traits was studied in inbred field lineages of Polygonum persicaria and P. cespitosum (Polygonaceae). Replicate seedlings were grown in plexiglass rhizotrons under a range of constant and temporally variable moisture treatments. Plasticity was determined for final whole-plant biomass, root biomass allocation, and absolute and proportional root length. The dynamic aspect of root plasticity was examined by digitizing weekly tracings of the proportional deployment of each plant's root system to different vertical soil layers. Plants of both species expressed significant functionally adaptive phenotypic plasticity in the relative allocation, length, and vertical deployment of root systems in response to contrasting moisture conditions. Plasticity patterns in these closely related species were in general qualitatively similar, but for most traits differed in the magnitude and/or the timing of the plastic response. Dynamic changes in root deployment were more marked as well as faster in P. persicaria. Species differences in patterns of individual plasticity were generally consistent with the broader ecological distribution of P. persicaria in diverse as well as temporally variable moisture habitats.     

Effects of hydrological regimes on competitive interactions of Schoenoplectus fluviatilis and two co-occurring wetland plants

We investigated the effects of different hydrological regimes (wet [flooded at a constant water depth for duration of the study], cycle [reflooded at eight weeks following natural drying], and wet–dry [initially flooded and allowed to naturally dry for duration of the study]) on the competitive ability of Schoenoplectus fluviatilis (Torr.) M. T. Strong with an annual, native wetland plant (Polygonum pensylvanicum L.) and a perennial, wetland plant (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani [C. C. Gmel.] Palla). To assess competitive response of the plants, we used a greenhouse target-neighbor study with neighbor plants planted at varying densities (0 [control], 1, 10, and 15 plants pot⁻¹). Our results suggest that S. fluviatilis is competitively superior to S. tabernaemontani and P. pensylvanicum. S. tabernaemontani and P. pensylvanicum biomass declined by 90% and 75% in presence of S. fluviatilis, respectively. However, the competitive ability of S. fluviatilis was generally not enhanced by flooding regime. The competitive coefficients of S. fluviatilis were similar among the three hydrological regimes under intraspecific competition and interspecific competition with S. tabernaemontani, but for interspecific competition with P. pensylvanicum, the competitive coefficient for S. fluviatilis was higher for the cycle treatment compared to the wet–dry and dry treatments. Interestingly, S. tabernaemontani was a strong competitor against S. fluviatilis in the wet and cycle treatments, indicating that maintaining longer hydroperiods could be used as a management tool to encourage growth of S. tabernaemontani and reduce encroachment of S. fluviatilis.