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1.
<正> 多年生草本,茎直立,褐黄色或淡紫褐色,仅上部具着生头状花序的分枝,此枝长3—10厘米。茎、枝、叶面微被淡黄色短柔毛或近无毛;叶面具稀疏白色腺点及小凹点,背面具稀疏的蛛丝状薄绒毛;茎下部叶末见;中部为上部叶具短柄或近无柄,叶片卵形或近圆形,长、宽3.5—4.6厘米,(三一)二回羽状全裂,每侧裂片4—6枚,每裂片常再分裂,每侧具 相似文献
2.
N. B. M. Brantjes 《Plant Systematics and Evolution》1982,141(1):41-52
Polygala vauthieri andP. monticola var.brizoides have secondary pollen presentation from a basket-like structure on the style apex. This basket is loaded after the first visit by a bee. Pollen reception, therefore, can precede the issue of pollen. A sticky stigma secretion glues the pollen from the basket under the head of the bee visitor in an exactly predetermined spot on the left side only. This position mostly forms a kind of safe spot, where the bee can not remove the pollen. The exact position on the bee's head is determined by the species specific distance between style tip and nectary in the visited flower. In this way the two sympatric species deposit the pollen 2 mm apart on the visitor and so can avoid hybridization pollination, while being visited by the same group of bees. 相似文献
3.
Seung Hyun Kim Sin-Duk Jang Ki Yong Lee Sang Hyun Sung 《Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry》2013,28(1):230-233
A methanolic extract of dried leaves of Polygala japonica Houtt (Polygalaceae) significantly attenuated nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-simulated BV2 microglia. Five anthraquinones chrysophanol (1), emodin (2), aloe-emodin (3), emodin 8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) and trihydroxy anthraquinone (5), and four flavonoids kaempferol (6), chrysoeriol (7), kaempferol 3-gentiobioside (8) and isorhamnetin (9) were isolated from the methanolic extract using bioactivity-guided fractionation. Among them, compounds 1–4, 6 and 7 showed significant inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in BV2 microglia at the concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 100.0 μM. 相似文献
4.
5.
目的确定人参总皂苷(GTS)和远志总苷(PTG)抗抑郁配伍剂量比例,形成参远苷(SGY)制剂,为研制开发抗抑郁新药提供实验数据。方法采用析因设计方法,GTS和PTG均选取25、50、100 mg/kg三个剂量,按照完全随机的两因素3×3实验设计,得到参远苷的9个不同配比组。C57BL/6J小鼠(用于悬尾实验)和ICR小鼠(用于强迫游泳实验)随机分为对照组、阳性药组(10 mg/kg,帕罗西汀用于悬尾实验;阿米替林用于强迫游泳实验)及参远苷的9个不同配比组,共11组。灌胃给药7 d,观察各组对悬尾或强迫游泳实验小鼠不动时间的影响,并通过空场实验观察参远苷各配比对小鼠自主活动的影响。参远苷与单味GTS、PTG的抗抑郁作用比较实验中,C57BL/6J小鼠(用于悬尾实验)和ICR小鼠(用于强迫游泳实验)随机分为对照组、阳性药组(10 mg/kg,帕罗西汀用于悬尾实验;阿米替林用于强迫游泳实验)、参远苷低中高剂量组(37.5、75、150 mg/kg)、GTS和PTG各四个剂量组(均为18.75、37.5、75、150 mg/kg),共13组。灌胃给药7 d,观察各组对悬尾或强迫游泳实验小鼠不动时间的影响。结果析因设计结果表明,GTS和PTG之间无交互效应。参远苷配比组75 mg/kg(GTS∶PTG为50∶25)及150mg.kg-1(GTS∶PTG为100∶50)显著并稳定缩短悬尾或强迫游泳不动时间(P〈0.05),得出GTS和PTG的剂量配伍比例为2:1。空场实验结果显示,参远苷各配比对小鼠运动总路程无影响。参远苷与单味GTS、PTG抗抑郁作用比较实验结果显示,GTS 75、150 mg/kg缩短悬尾实验小鼠不动时间(P〈0.01,P〈0.05),对强迫游泳实验小鼠不动时间无影响。PTG 18.75、37.5 mg/kg缩短强迫游泳实验小鼠不动时间(P〈0.01,P〈0.05),对悬尾实验小鼠不动时间无影响。参远苷75、150 mg/kg缩短悬尾实验小鼠不动时间(P〈0.05)。同时,参远苷37.5、75 mg/kg缩短强迫游泳实验小鼠不动时间(P〈0.01,P〈0.05)。结论 GTS和PTG以2:1的比例形成的参远苷(SYG)制剂,质量容易控制,作用机制多样,符合抑郁症复杂多样的发病机制,优于单味GTS和PTG,进一步研究之后,有可能成为新型的抗抑郁药物。 相似文献
6.
Bioassay-guided investigation was performed to identify the active constituents from a methanol extract of Polygala japonica, a folk medicinal plant widely used in China to treat inflammatory diseases. The n-BuOH and EtOAc fractions of the P. japonica methanol extract, which show significant anti-inflammatory activity in in vivo test, were further subjected to column chromatography to afford six triterpene glycosides, marked here as saponins 1–6. All compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity in the carageenan-induced mouse paw edema test, and saponins 1, 4 and 5 showed significantly anti-inflammatory effects on both phases of carageenan-induced acute paw edema in mice. Saponin 5 was also found to significantly inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators – nitric oxide (NO) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, with no obvious effects on macrophage viability. 相似文献
7.
从云南中甸产细叶香茶菜 (Isodontenuifolia (W .W .Smith)Kudo)的地上部分分离得到 6个化合物 ,它们的结构通过波谱方法得到鉴定。其中化合物 1和 2为新的对映_贝壳杉烷二萜化合物 ,即细叶香茶菜甲素 (3β ,6α ,15 β_trihydroxy_1α ,7β_diacetoxy_11β ,16 β_epoxy_ent_kaurane) (1)和细叶香茶菜乙素 (1α,6α ,11β_trihydroxy_3β,7β_diacetoxy_ent_kaur_16_en_15_one) (2 )。 相似文献
8.
Reproductive compensation of a perennial plant Sanguisorba tenuifolia to herbivory by Phengaris teleius
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Plants that are consumed by herbivores incur a reduction in fitness. Therefore, plants need to prepare to defend against and/or avoid herbivory using ‘resistance’ and/or ‘tolerance’ systems. Phengaris teleius is a specialist herbivore of Sanguisorba tenuifolia. Phengaris teleius lays eggs in the flower buds of S. tenuifolia and the larvae of P. teleius feed on the ovaries and ovules of S. tenuifolia. In order to clarify the extent of herbivory damage by P. teleius and effect on reproduction in S. tenuifolia, we conducted field observations and artificial cutting experiments carried out in the natural habitat where both P. teleius and S. tenuifolia live sympatrically. Phengaris teleius often lays one egg per spike, and about half of the total eggs were laid on the spike that developed at the shoot apex and was largest in size. The fruits were damaged most heavily in the spike in which an egg was laid. However, the number of fruits was almost the same between individuals with no damage and individuals with a feeding damage rate of 40% or less. This showed that compensation would be achieved by increasing the number of fruits in other spikes without damage. On the other hand, because no compensation was detected in the cutting experiments, it was considered that compensation may be induced by biological stimuli produced by P. teleius. These responses may be one of the mechanisms for continuing the interspecific relationship between S. tenuifolia (host plant) and P. teleius (herbivore insect). 相似文献
9.
Chen Shu-Kun 《植物分类学报:英文版》1991,29(3):193-229
The present paper deals with the history of taxonomy, groos morphology, pollen
morphology, distribution, system and taxonomic treatment of the genus Polygala L. from
China. Three subgenera, 4 sections, 41 species and 8 varieties are recognized in this
treatment, of which 2 sections are described as new.
The system of Chinese species of Polygala L. is proposed as follow:
Subgen. 1. Chamaebuxus (DC.)Duchartre (Typus: Polygala chamaebuxus L.)
Sect. 1. Arillus S. K. Chen, sect. nov. (Typus: Polygala arillata Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don).
This section consists of about 20 species, distributed in the tropics and subtropics of Asia and
Africa, with 7 species found in South China.
Subgen. 2. Pseudosemeiocardium (Adema) J. Chetek et B. Krisa( Typus: Polygala
furcata Royle).
Sect. 1. Villososperma C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen (Typus: Polygala wattersii Hance ). There
are 3 species in this section, distributed in S. China and N. Vietnam.
Sect. 2. Saxicola S. K. Chen, sect.nov. (Typus: Polygala saxicola Dunn). This section
consists of 8 species, among which P. tricornis Gagnep. and P. saxicola Dunn are distributed in both Vietnam and China, and the other 6 species are endemic to China.
Sect. 3. Pseudosemeiocardium ( Typus: Polygala furcata Royle). This section consists
of about 7 species, distributed in SW China, extending from Indo-China Peninsula, southward to Malay, the Philippines, Indonesia and New Guinea, westward to the southern slope
of the Himalayas and N. India, northward to Japan.
Subgen. 3. Polygala (Typus: Polygala vulgaris L. ).
400 species or more belong to this cosmopolitan subgenus. Most species are found in
America and Africa, with 18 species discovered in China.
Taxonomic evidence: The characters of flowers, fruits and seeds, the indumentum of
seeds and presence or absence of caruncles are stable and also correlated with one
another. There is a certain combination of the above-mentioned characters in a given
group, which provide reliable evidence for the infrageneric division. A good example is the
Polygala arillata group, grown under the tropical and subtropical forests, which has large,
yellow flowers, with sepals fallen after blossom. The flower has carinas with a cristate appendix, which is of 2-9 long narrow pieces. The seeds are spherical, with a hooded caruncle. Its
fruits are of annuloid stripes. (Fig. 1). The Polygala tenuifolia Willd. group, cosmopolitan
in distribution, has a middle-sized, purple or yellow flower with persistent sepals. Cristate
appendix of carina is usually fimbricate. The seed in the group is oblong or subovoid, with a
trilobate caruncle. Carpels of the fruits of this group are without annuloid stripes(Fig. 3).
The third group, Polygala saxicola group, is between the two as indicated above. The group
has a small, yellow or occasionally purplecolored flower, with sepals fallen after blossom or
sometimes with a persistent outer sepal. The cristate appendix of carina is lamellar or
cucullate. The seed of the group is sometimes with pubescences and hooded caruncles sometimes with hirtoselike villoses and no caruncle (Fig. 2) pollen morphology and systematic treatments:
The pollen morphology of the domestic Polygala seems to support division of Polygala
L. into three groups as follows: A. Pollen grains subspheroidal, 10-19-colpate, colpi usually rather wide, relatively psilate in the polar area; B. Pollen grains reniform, 22-26-colpate, sculptural in the polar area; C. Pollen grains long-spheroidal or subspheroidal, 9- 23-colpate, with long and deep colpi, which usually extend to the relatively psilate polar
area. The pollen morphology is naturally correlated with the morphology of flowers, fruits
and seeds. Based on these, three subgenera and four sections no subdivision in Subgen. Polygala)are recognized. 相似文献
10.
An oligosaccharide polyester, 1-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl-(3-O-benzoyl)-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2-->1)-[6-O-(E)-feruloyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-[6-O-acetyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-(4-O-acetyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-4-O-[4-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(E)-p-coumaroyl]-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (polygalajaponicose I), and four triterpenoid saponins, 3beta, 23, 27-trihydroxy-29-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (polygalasaponin XLVII), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl ester (polygalasaponin XLVIII), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl presenegenin 28-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->5)-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (polygalasaponin XLIX) and 2beta, 27-dihydroxy-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl 11-oxo-olean-12-en-23, 28-dioic acid 28-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->5)-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl ester (polygalasaponin L), in addition to five known compounds have been isolated from the roots of Polygala japonica. 相似文献