Effect of pollen competition and stigmatic receptivity on seed set in white clover (Trifolium repens L.)

The effect of competition between incompatible and compatible pollen grains on the seed production of white clover was studied. Stigmatic receptivity was also studied. A selection line of white clover that has red leaves was used as a pollen donor and as a genetic marker to allow determination of the pollen donor responsible for ovule fertilisation. Results show that incompatible pollen did not inhibit compatible pollen grains from fertilising ovules and producing seeds, although it did slightly impair seed yield. At temperatures of 20/10°C (day/night) stigmas of white clover remained receptive to additional pollination up to 32 h after an initial compatible pollination and 40 h after an incompatible pollination. The results imply that factors other than inadequate pollination and the self-incompatibility system are responsible for failure of white clover to attain its potential seed yield. Received: 31 August 1999 / Revision accepted: 28 February 2000     

The clues to species specificity of pollination among Brassicaceae

The Brassica S product of the pollen-signalling S-gene (SP11 for Specificity Pollen, or SCR for S locus Cysteine Rich) has recently been identified as a member of the family of PCPs (Pollen Coat Proteins), a group of small basic proteins. In female plants SRK (S Receptor Kinase) has been demonstrated, among several stigma-expressed S genes, to exclusively control self-pollen rejection. Genes and gene products that are highly related to the sporophytic SI system appear to take part in the control of several stages of pollen-stigma interactions in the Brassicaceae. These genes ensure, in particular, the species specificity of late pollen adhesion. Pollen capture itself is not species specific, since it depends essentially on lipophilic affinities between pollen coatings and waxy pellicles on the stigma. These interactions and their control are reviewed here. Received: 2 August 2000 / Revision accepted: 11 August 2000     

悬铃木花粉生活力及贮藏力的研究

以30~40年生悬铃木(Platanus acerifolia)的花粉为试材,研究了不同培养基对其萌发的作用,同时探讨了不同贮藏条件和贮藏时间对花粉生活力的影响。结果表明:悬铃木花粉在15%蔗糖 0.01%硼酸的培养基上培养24 h后萌发率最高;附加琼脂的固体培养基对花粉的萌发影响不大;50 mg/L的赤霉素对悬铃木花粉的萌发没有明显的抑制或促进作用;花粉干燥后在低温4℃下贮藏能保持较长的生活力,比未经干燥25℃和4℃下贮藏分别长35 d和20 d。     

Bt-Cry5Aa 基因转化棉花及其抗虫性鉴定

我国棉花抗虫基因大都为Cry1Ab/c,抗性风险日趋增加。本研究依据棉花密码子偏好,人工合成Bt-Cry5Aa抗虫基因,通过花粉管通道法转入棉花,并通过卡那霉素法及PCR方法对不同世代转化株进行鉴定,同时进行了抗虫性测试。结果表明,通过花粉管通道法成功获得转Bt-Cry5Aa基因植株,通过田间卡那霉素鉴定,阳性株率T1为7.76%,T2为73.1%,T3为95.5%;PCR检测显示,T1阳性率为2.35%,T2为55.8%,T3为94.5%;田间抗性试验分析,转Bt-Cry5Aa株系对第2、3、4代棉铃虫校正死亡率分别达到85.42%、75.35%和62.79%,其抗虫性与GK19相比差异不显著;Bt-Cry5Aa能够部分替代目前主流鳞翅目抗虫基因,是棉铃虫的新抗源。     

二乔玉兰花粉贮存条件的比较研究

探讨了二乔玉兰(MagnoliasoulangeanaSoul.-Bod.)花粉在不同温度和贮存条件下的活力。结果表明:二乔玉兰花粉在5%蔗糖 0.01%硼酸及5%蔗糖 0.1%硼酸两种培养液上萌发较好,萌发率均达到70%以上。随着保存时间的延长,花粉萌发率不断降低,降低速度从快到慢依次为室温、5℃和-20℃。超低温(-196℃)保存花粉的萌发率并没有随着保存时间的延长而降低,液氮保存2a的花粉萌发率达到79.3%,与新鲜花粉的萌发率差异不显著。超低温反复冻存6次的花粉萌发率与新鲜花粉没有显著变化。     

秤锤树的核型研究及其减数分裂过程的观察

观察研究了秤锤树有丝分裂和减数分裂的细胞学特征。秤锤树核型为2n=2x=24=4m 7sm(2SAT) 1st,属于较为原始的2A型。有丝分裂间期核为复杂染色中心型,前期出现B染色体,中期染色体中等大小。减数分裂中期具12对正常的二价体,但后期I和后期Ⅱ均有染色体异常现象发生。统计断片、落后染色体和染色体桥出现的比例与花粉粒败育性比例比较一致,表明秤锤树的小孢子在发生和发育过程中较高频率的败育现象可能存存一常的细胞学原因．     

Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis in root-derived callus of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer)

Summary Callus culture was initiated from expiants of mature root tissues of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) on MS medium enriched with 2,4-D. The ageing callus produced numerous embryoids in this medium. Reculture of these embryoids in media (1/2 MS or B5) supplemented with benzyladenine and gibberellic acid resulted in profuse plantlet regeneration.     

云南含笑花粉萌发研究

应用离体培养和人工授粉的方法对云南含笑花粉的萌发进行了研究。栽培和野生云南含笑花粉的萌发率有很大的差异,分别为20％和90％。首次报道了云南含笑的花粉粒在离体培养基上萌发2条花粉管的现象。云南含笑花粉在灰岩含笑花柱头上的萌发率和萌发时间与离体培养基上的相同,表明灰岩含笑的柱头对云南含笑的花粉没有排异现象。