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21.
BernhardHausdorf 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》2002,134(3):347-358
The phylogeny of the Vitrinidae is reconstructed in a cladistic analysis based on characters of the genitalia, the copulation behaviour and the radula. The genera with an atrial stimulator turned out to be the earliest branches of the Vitrinidae, whereas the genera with a glandula amatoria form a monophyletic, taxonomically apomorphic group. The differences between the proposed phylogeny and previous hypotheses are discussed. The ancestral areas of the Vitrinidae and its sister group, the limacoid slugs Boettgerillidae–Limacidae–Agriolimacidae, are estimated using weighted ancestral area analysis. The Vitrinidae and the limacoid slugs might have originated by a vicariance event between Central Europe and the Near East. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2002, 134 , 347–358. 相似文献
22.
D K Whittaker S Ryan K Weeks W M Murphy 《American journal of physical anthropology》1987,73(3):389-396
The approximal surfaces of premolars and molars of 376 adult British-Romano skulls were examined for wear facets. The type of wear was designated as convex, concave, sigmoid, or flat, and the degree was categorised on a three-point scale. Concave wear facets were more frequently seen in the older age groups, but the type of wear was similar on right and left sides. Taking all teeth together or as individual tooth types, concave wear was significantly more likely on mesial rather than distal surfaces. The degree of wear was age related and similar on right and left sides in both males and females. It is suggested that the distribution of concave facets may be related to movements between adjacent teeth. 相似文献
23.
Characterization of a bombesin receptor on Swiss mouse 3T3 cells by affinity cross-linking 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We have previously identified by chemical cross-linking a cell surface protein in Swiss 3T3 cells of apparent Mr 75,000-85,000, which may represent a major component of the receptor for peptides of the bombesin family in these cells. Because bombesin-like peptides may interact with other cell surface molecules, it was important to establish the correlation between receptor binding and functions of this complex and further characterize the Mr 75,000-85,000 cross-linked protein. Detailed time courses carried out at different temperatures demonstrated that the Mr 75,000-85,000 affinity-labelled band was the earliest cross-linked complex detected in Swiss 3T3 cells incubated with 125I-labelled gastrin-releasing peptide (125I-GRP). Furthermore, the ability of various nonradioactive bombesin agonists and antagonists to block the formation of the Mr 75,000-85,000 cross-linked complex correlated extremely well (r = 0.994) with the relative capacity of these peptides to inhibit 125I-GRP specific binding. Pretreatment with unlabelled GRP for up to 6 h caused only a slight decrease in both specific 125I-GRP binding and the affinity labelling of the Mr 75,000-85,000 protein. We also show that the cross-linked complex is a glycoprotein. First, solubilized affinity labelled Mr 75,000-85,000 complex applied to wheat germ lectin-sepharose columns was eluted by addition of 0.3 M N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. Second, treatment with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F reduced the apparent molecular weight of the affinity-labelled band from 75,000-85,000 to 43,000, indicating the presence of N-linked oligosaccharide groups. 相似文献
24.
E. Younang E. Léonard-Stibbe P. Viel M. Defranceschi G. Lécayon J. Delhalle 《Molecular Engineering》1992,1(4):317-332
Quantum chemistry calculations of equilibrium geometry, atomic charges, dipole moment, and frontier orbital energies are carried out on model N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, its radical anion and cation, and three protonated derivatives. Attempts to obtain poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) films grafted on nickel and platinum electrodes, respectively by cathodic and anodic polarizations, are reported. A thin, covering and insulating film is obtained on the Pt anode, as indicated by surface characterizations carried out with UPS and IRRAS spectroscopies. The fact that the film remains adherent to the metallic surface in spite of a permanent contact with an acetonitrile solution in which poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) is soluble suggests that chemisorption has indeed been achieved. 相似文献
25.
Donald M. Bers Kenneth D. Philipson Arthur Peskoff 《The Journal of membrane biology》1985,85(3):251-261
Summary Calcium binding and Na–Ca exchange activity were measured in isolated cardiac plasma membrane vesicles under various ionic conditions. A model was developed to describe the Ca binding characteristics of cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles using the Gouy-Chapman theory of the diffuse double layer with specific cation binding to phospholipid carboxyl and phosphate groups. The surface association constants used for Ca, Na, K and H binding to both of these groups were 7, 0.63, 0.3 and 3800m
–1, respectively. This model allows the estimation of surface [Ca] under any specific ionic conditions. The effects of the divalent screening cation, dimethonium, on Ca binding and Na–Ca exchange were compared. Dimethonium had no significant effect on Ca binding at high ionic strength (150mm KCl), but strongly depressed Ca binding at low ionic strength. Dimethonium had no significant effect on Na–Ca exchange (Na-inside dependent Ca influx) at either high or low ionic strength. These results suggest that the Ca sites of the Na–Ca exchanger are in a physical environment where they are either not exposed to or not sensitive to surface [Ca]. 相似文献
26.
Michael Webb 《Journal of neurochemistry》1983,40(3):769-776
Abstract: The sialoglycoproteins of cultures of relatively pure rat cerebellar interneurons were labelled by NaIO4 oxidation/NaB 3 H4 reduction. The labelled molecules were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate followed by fluorography. Faint labelling could be detected in three components if cells were labelled without any oxidation. In young cultures, oxidation by galactose oxidase alone failed to reveal any additional bands. After oxidation by NaIO4 or galactose oxidase in the presence of neuraminidase, many more components were labelled. After NaIO4 oxidation, about 80% of the cell-associated radioactivity could be removed by treating the cells with neuraminidase, which left the cells more than 95% viable. The majority of the bands seen after neuraminidase treatment were substantially reduced when compared with untreated controls, supporting a surface localisation of these molecules. Reproducible developmental changes were seen in the profiles of bands labelled by NaIO4 /NaB 3 H4 in time course studies of cultures up to 8 days in vitro . Some bands became more prominent, and others disappeared. The gel profiles of the neuron cultures were quite distinct from those of cerebellar astrocyte cultures, which contain all the cell types likely to be contaminants of the neuron cultures. 相似文献
27.
A chemiluminescent assay for hepatitis-B surface antigen is described which used an isoluminol derivative as the label. The assay is precise intra-assay CV, 1.96-2.45%; inter-assay CV, 5.26-8.11% and has a lower detection limit for hepatitis-B surface antigen of 1.3U/I. 相似文献
28.
This paper describes a set of mathematical models to calculate runoff, soil erosion and chemical substance yields for drainage areas. The models represent different degrees of complexity and details of describing hydrological and hydrochemical processes. The availability of initial information and the requirements of the task determine the choice of a model for each particular case. These models have been written as PC/AT programs, to enable their use by a wide range of specialists. The models have been tested in different physical and geographical conditions, e.g. in some small watersheds on the Karelian Isthmus, west of Lake Ladoga, and in experimental catchment areas located in the Valdai Hills area in the southern part of Lake Ladoga drainage area. In further applications the drainage area models have been combined with models of the recipient water body, to obtain a single model of a watershed-lake system. The results of tests have proved that the models can be used for evaluation, simulation and forecasting of the processes of rainfall and snowmelt runoff, infiltration, evaporation, water erosion and pollutant wash-off from drainage areas. 相似文献
29.
Remote sensing of sea surface and coastal features in the area of the Golfe d'Arguin,Mauritania 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
F. Cuq 《Hydrobiologia》1993,258(1-3):33-40
The analysis of a series of NOAA AVHRR satellite data recorded between July and September 1986 shows the interaction between northerly and southerly water masses during summer as well as the northern limit of the northward advance of water masses originating from the South Equatorial Current. Two upwelling situations analysed by means of NOAA data show the intrusion of suspended matter from the ocean into the Golfe d'Arguin and illustrate the water circulation within the coastal zone. This circulation pattern is detailed by LANDSAT and SPOT data. A SPOT picture from October 1987 shows the structure of the intertidal and coastal geomorphology. 相似文献
30.
Carolin Röding Chris Stringer Rodrigo S. Lacruz Katerina Harvati 《American journal of physical anthropology》2023,180(2):352-369