花生壳培养基对杏鲍菇菌丝生长的影响

以农业废料花生壳为主要原料设计不同配方,筛选适宜杏鲍菇菌丝生长的培养基及培养料.结果表明,母种培养基以m(花生壳):m(马铃薯)=3:1的配方生长最快,平均生长速度为4.53 mm/d,长势最旺盛;原种及栽培种培养料按m(棉籽壳):m(花生壳)=1:1的配方菌丝生长最快而健壮,生长速度可达5.43 mm/d.因此,在花...     

平菇病毒dsRNA传播途径的探究

通过对平菇孢子dsRNA检测、单双杂交和单单杂交,从垂直传播和水平传播2个方面来研究平菇病毒dsRNA的传播途径,结果表明：病毒dsRNA通过孢子垂直传播的几率很小,通过细胞融合的水平传播几率相对比较高,在实际生产中平菇病毒dsRNA的主要传播途径还有待进一步的研究。     

Laccase, cellulase and xylanase activities during growth ofPleurotus sajor-caju on sagohampas

Sagohampas, the fibrous pith residue left after starch extraction from sago palm, is abundant at sago-processing factories and can be used as a substrate for the production of laccase by solid substrate fermentation (SSF) withPleurotus sajorcaju, an edible mushroom. The fungus grown onhampas with an adjusted carbon : nitrogen ratio of 35:1, exhibited high laccase activity together with variable cellulase (0.3-2.8 U/g) and xylanase (0.9-10.1 U/g) activity. The maximum amount of laccase produced was approximately 17.7 U/g after 6 days of SSF using 4-week-old inoculum at a density of 10%. With the mature four-week inoculum, laccase activity increased 12-fold compared to that achieved with two-week-old inoculum. The optimum pH and temperature of the crude laccase were 6.0 and 50‡C, respectively. The apparent K_m and V_max values obtained were 0.073 mM and 0.962 U/min, respectively. The maximum laccase activity could be almost doubled after 6 days of fermentation by addition of 0.2 mM vanillin or ferulic acid; the cellulose to lignin ratio increased significantly during the 12 days of SSF, from 2.74 in the control to 3.3, when 0.2 mM of either vanillin or ferulic acid was added to the substrate.     

两种大型真菌菌丝体对重金属的耐受和富集特性

用平板培养法检测大型真菌秀珍菇和猪肚菇菌丝体对重金属铬、铅和锰的耐受及富集特性。分别测定了3种重金属不同浓度处理下秀珍菇和猪肚菇的菌落直径、菌丝体干重和菌丝体中的重金属含量。结果表明:秀珍菇和猪肚菇菌丝体对Cr的耐受特性和耐受能力相当,二者的菌落直径和菌丝体干重均随Cr处理浓度的增加先升高后降低,生长抑制率为50%的Cr浓度都约为200 mg/L,对铬的最大耐受浓度都为500 mg/L。秀珍菇菌丝体对Pb敏感,100 mg/L的Pb即可极显著的抑制秀珍菇菌丝的生长,而猪肚菇则直到500 mg/L的Pb,菌丝体的生长都未受显著影响;二者生长抑制率为50%的Pb浓度分别为100 mg/L和700 mg/L,最大耐受浓度分别为1000 mg/L和2000 mg/L;因此,猪肚菇对Pb的耐受能力比秀珍菇强。秀珍菇不耐锰,而猪肚菇对锰表现出相对较高的耐受能力,生长抑制率为50%的Mn浓度约为1000 mg/L,最大耐受能力为6000 mg/L。秀珍菇菌丝体对Cr和Pb、猪肚菇菌丝体对Cr和Mn均没有达到超富集。但猪肚菇菌丝体中Pb的含量可达1125.56 mg/kg(干重),达到超富集水平,暗示猪肚菇可能是铅超富集大型真菌。     

几种主要食用菌的遗传转化研究进展

对平菇、香菇、草菇、银耳、双孢蘑菇的遗传转化体系的构建及其应用的研究进展进行了综述,对存在的问题进行了分析,并对未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

Lignocellulolytic enzyme profiles of edible mushroom fungi

One of the most economically-viable processes for the bioconversion of many types of lignocellulosic wastes is represented by edible mushroom cultivation. Lentinula edodes, Volvariella volvacea and Pleurotus sajor-caju are three important commercially cultivated mushrooms which exhibit varying abilities to utilise different lignocellulosics as growth substrate. Examination of the lignocellulolytic enzyme profiles of the three species show this diversity to be reflected in qualitative variations in the major enzymic determinants (i.e. cellulases, ligninases) required for substrate bioconversion. For example, L. edodes, which is cultivated on highly lignified substrates such as wood or sawdust, produces two extracellular enzymes which have been associated with lignin depolymerisation in other fungi, (manganese peroxidase and laccase). Conversely, V. volvacea, which prefers high cellulose-, low lignin-containing substrates produces a family of cellulolytic enzymes including at least five endoglucanases, five cellobiohydrolases and two -glucosidases, but none of the recognised lignin-degrading enzymes.J.A. Buswell, Y.J. Cai, S.T. Chang, J.F. Peberdy and S.Y. Fu are with the Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. J.A. Buswell and S.T. Chang are also with the Centre for International Services to Mushroom Biotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. J.F. Peberdy is also with the Department of Life Science, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom. S.Y. Fu is also with, and H.-s. Yu is with the Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Guangzhou, China.     

阿魏侧耳酸提水溶性多糖的研究

从热水浸提过的阿魏侧耳（Pleurotus ferulae）子实体中用3%的三氯乙酸提取出另一种水溶性粗多糖PFA,将PFA经Sevage法脱蛋白、透析、CTAB络合去沉淀后得多糖PF3。苯酚硫酸法测得PF3糖含量为94.1%;用光散射和GPC联机测得PF3重均分子量为1.965×10.6;用IR和GC分析了组成和结构,PF3由鼠李糖、木糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖和甘露糖组成,含有α-糖苷键。同时研究了PF3对核糖核酸酶的抑制作用,表明在浓度5mg/mL时其抑制率可达44.4%。     

模糊数学在平菇品种选育决策中的应用

应用模糊数学对 7个平菇品种进行模糊判决 ,结果表明 :在权重偏重于生物学效率的凸模糊判决中平菇 17- 2为首选。而在权重相等的模糊判决中平菇 99号为首选。对平菇 99号进行综合评判的结果为某类菇农对该品种很喜欢。     

刺芹侧耳栽培料及菌体中漆酶介体分子的挖掘

虽然真菌能够分泌漆酶从木质素中获取碳源,然而纯化后真菌漆酶降解木质素的能力却极低。本文利用萃取方法提取刺芹侧耳栽培料及菌体中可溶性化合物,通过快速漆酶介体体系（LMS）动力学实验确定其对漆酶催化氧化反应的促进或抑制能力,进一步利用HPLC-MS和代谢组学差异分析的方法从最高活性萃取液的柱层析组分中挖掘潜在的活性成分。研究结果表明栽培料中可能含有活性介体成分,生物信息学XCMS代谢产物组分析揭示了CTE05分离组分中富含的木质素代谢产物,涉及到软木脂单体合成、香豆素合成、丁香油酚或异丁香油酚合成、质体醌醇合成、由苯丙氨酸合成硫代葡萄糖苷和安息香酸合成等代谢途径。最后讨论了其中11种潜在的天然介体分子物理化学性质,其中4种为已有文献报道的天然介体小分子。本研究暗示木质素降解与合成代谢在分子机制上存在有某种联系,相关的代谢产物可能参与了真菌降解木质素的代谢过程。     

Isolation of genes differentially expressed during the fruit body development of Pleurotus ostreatus by differential display of RAPD

To analyze genes involved in fruit body development of Pleurotus ostreatus, mRNAs from three different developmental stages: i.e., vegetative mycelium, primordium, and mature fruit body, were isolated and reverse-transcribed to cDNAs. One hundred and twenty random PCR amplifications were performed with the cDNAs, which generated 382, 394, 393 cDNA fragments from each developmental stage. From these fragments, four cDNA clones specifically expressed in primordium or mature fruit body were detected. Sequence analysis and database searches revealed significant similarity with triacylglycerol lipase, cytochrome P450 sterol 14 alpha-demethylase and developmentally regulated genes of other fungi. Northern blot analyses confirmed that all of the four cDNAs were unexpressed in mycelium, thus stage-specific genes for fruit body formation of P. ostreatus were successfully isolated.