豆渣对平菇和灵芝发酵产生木质素酶系的影响

研究了不同浓度的豆渣(1%~5%)对平菇和灵芝固态发酵油菜秸秆产生木质素降解酶系的影响。结果表明:与对照(无豆渣)相比,浓度为3%、4%的豆渣显著提高平菇产生的锰过氧化物酶(MnP)和木质素过氧化物酶(LiP)活性;漆酶(Lac)的活性也在豆渣浓度为2%~4%时得到显著提高。灵芝发酵基质中,3%的豆渣显著提高了MnP和LiP的活性;浓度为3%~5%的豆渣也可显著提高灵芝发酵基质中Lac的活性,其中豆渣浓度为3%时,平菇与灵芝单菌发酵中Lac的活性都达到峰值,分别为对照的2.3倍、1.67倍。     

杏鲍菇最佳培养基的筛选

研究了不同的母种、原种和栽培种培养基对杏鲍菇菌丝生长、子实体产量及生物学效率的影响。结果表明,杏鲍菇在不同配方的培养基上菌丝的生长存在明显差异,其中菌丝生长速度最快、最健壮的母种培养基为PDYA培养基;菌丝生长速度最快、子实体产量最高、生物学效率达91.7%的原种及栽培种培养基为配方2。原种及栽培种培养基的含水率为60%时,菌丝生长快而健壮,在生产上最适宜采用。     

四个杏鲍菇品种的氨基酸分析与比较

测定了4个杏鲍菇新品种子实体的氨基酸含量,结果表明,4个新品种的子实体中含有丰富的8种人体必需氨基酸、支链氨基酸和带有胍基的精氨酸,而芳香族氨基酸的含量却很低。在测定过程中,由于采用了酸水解,子实体中的色氨酸被破坏,而其余17种氨基酸均被测出,含量极其丰富。尤其是精氨酸、谷氨酸的含量接近于α-酪蛋白、卵蛋白和大豆球蛋白。     

白灵菇液体发酵条件研究初报

通过对白灵菇液体摇瓶发酵的研究 ,确定了适宜白灵菇液体培养的条件为 :装液量为 15 0ml(5 0 0ml)、接种量为 10 %、pH值为 5 .0～ 6 .0、CMC浓度为 0 .4 % ;并通过发酵罐培养 ,研究其发酵过程中的pH值、溶氧值 (DO)的变化。     

Cultivation studies on wild and hybrid strains of Pleurotus tuberregium (Fr.) Sing. on wheat straw substrate

Wild of strains Pleurotus tuberregium from Nigeria and the Australasian-Pacific regions and selected hybrids were studied to determine their growth and sclerotia production capacity on wheat straw substrate. Although the Australasian-Pacific strains showed faster growth rates, the wild strains from Nigeria performed better than the Australasian-Pacific strains in sclerotia yield. Under similar conditions, some hybrids had sclerotial yields that were higher than any wild strain. Our study showed the possibilities of using selected strains and the low cost methods adopted in this experiment, for the cultivation of sclerotia of P. tuberregium.     

Responses of lignicolous-agaric fruit-bodies to light and gravity: A study to overview the fruit-body development in hymenomycetes

Our previous study revealed that, when exposed to light from below, fruit-bodies of humus-borne agarics grow straight downward both in the ‘Coprinus Type’ and ’Non-Coprinus Type’ species and that, in the latter, gills tilt by gravitropism, caps swell and wave, and stipes twist. The present study revealed that fruit-bodies of some lignicolous agarics also grew straight downward. Among themFlammulina velutipes andHypsizygus marmoreus fruit-bodies showed almost the same behaviour as the ‘Non-Coprinus Type’, butPleurotus ostreatus (assumedPolyporus Type) fruit-bodies did not show the gill tilting and cap waving. Rather, it redifferentiated to produce new gills or new fruit-bodies, possibly by gravimorphogenesis, or formed spiral stipes. Based on these results, graviresponses in hymenomycetes are overviewed.     

Growth characteristics of Pleurotus ostreatus in bioreactors

Pleurotus ostreatus was cultured in a bioreactor equipped with different impeller geometries under non-limiting nutrient conditions. With a Rushton turbine impeller the specific growth rate decreased 30% and pellet diameter was reduced 15% when the aeration rate was increased from 1 to 1.5 vvm. Agitation rate reduced the pellet diameter from 5.1 mm to 2.8 mm using 200 rpm and 400 rpm of agitation, respectively. Specific growth rates of 0.036, 0.020 and 0.041 h–1 were obtained with Roshton (disc turbine), Helical Ribbon and InterMIG impellers, respectively. Impeller geometry is important to control the pellet size and consequently growth rate of P. ostreatus.     

Recycling spent larval food of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton for preparing spawn and sporophore of Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer

Large scale production of the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica Stainton in pearl millet grain medium leads to a huge accumulation of spent larval medium in commercial insectaries. We attempted bioconversion of spent larval medium of C. cephalonica (CLM) for cultivation of the mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer, to increase the usage of these residues. Maximum efficiency limits of CLM for spawn run, sporophore cropping and as bed substrate were assessed with varying combinations of sorghum and rice straw. Sorghum grains and rice straw were the best substrates for spawn run and sporophore yield respectively. Having been crushed, macerated, heated and sterilized, CLM could also become a suitable substrate along with sorghum or rice straw. Sorghum and CLM at 16.7% + 83.3% and 33.3% + 66.7% combinations were very effective in supporting mycelial growth and quicker colonization of fungus, and mother spawn yield. The spawn that was obtained from these combinations yielded higher sporophore as well. The fungus did not rapidly colonize on other combinations (50% + 50%, 66.7% + 33.3% and 83.3% + 16.7%), and was completely unable to grow on CLM 100%. Combination of rice straw and CLM at 75% + 25% and 50% + 50% as bed substrate contributed higher sporophore yield. Analysis of the substrates indicated variation in their chemical and mineral composition, but they were good sources of N, P and Ca. The prospects of exploring CLM for the mushroom cultivation are discussed.