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321.
白腐菌液体和固体培养产生木质纤维素降解酶的比较研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
侧耳sp2(Pleurotus sp.2)和粗毛栓菌(Trametes gallica)是产木质纤维素降解酶能力强,且产酶较快的菌株。对其在液体培养基、固体培养基中产生木质纤维素降解酶能力和行为进行了比较分析和研究。结果表明,Pleurotus sp.2在低氮高碳高无机盐培养基中的锰过氧化物酶(Manganese peroxidases, MnPs)、木质素过氧化物酶(Lignin peroxidases.LiPs)、漆酶(laccases,Lacs)和半纤维素酶(Hemicellulases, Hcels)的活性最高。当该菌株培养在含有低氮无碳高无机盐液体培养基的麦草粉中时,MnPs和Lacs的活性峰值均出现在10d,而Hcels的活性在40d时达到峰值。Trametes gallica在高氮低碳高无机盐培养基中的Lacs和LiPs的活性最高,在低氮高碳高无机盐培养基中的MnPs和Hcels的活性最高。当该菌株培养在含有高氮无碳高无机盐和低氮无碳高无机盐液体培养基的麦草粉中时,MnPs存10d、Lacs和Hcels在40d、LiPs存50d,分别达到峰值。Pleurotus sp.2和Trametes gallica在液体培养基中具有很强的木质纤维素降解酶产生能力且产酶速度较快,在固体培养基中具有很强的降解麦秸生物质能力,但这两株菌在液体和固体培养基中,产木质纤维素降解酶的能力和行为都有较大的差异,相关性小。 相似文献
322.
A Gram-positive bacterium was isolated from a rottingPleurotus ostreatus fruiting body that markedly reduced the level of extracellular toxins (i.e., tolaasins) produced byPseudomonas tolaasii, the most destructive pathogen of cultivated mushrooms. The isolated bacterium is saprophytic but not parasitic nor pathogenic
toP. ostreatus. A low ratio, ca. 10−3 cells of the isolated bacterium for oneP. tolaasii cells, was sufficient for detoxification in vitro. Inoculation of the isolated bacterium prevents the development of bacterial
disease inP. ostreatus andAgaricus bisporus. The suppression of the disease development, however requires the initial cell density equivalent to ca. 10−1 cells of the isolated bacterium for one cells of the pathogen. The effects is ascribed to the inactivation of tolaasin by
the live, suppressive bacterial cells, and not to metabolites secreted from the organism into culture media. Examination by
conventional bacteriological tests and with testing kits, i.e., MicroStationTMSystem Release 3.5 (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA), ATB Expression (bioMerieux Inc. Japan) and VITEK (bioMerieux Inc. Japan), failed
to assign the organism to any defined bacterial genus. The suppressive bacterium may be useful in future for the development
of biocontrol system and/or the construction of genetically modified edible fungi resistant to the disease caused byP. tolaasii. 相似文献
323.
Laccase and other ligninolytic enzyme higher-producing dikaryons of Pleurotus ostreatus were obtained after crossing of compatible basidiospore-derived monokaryons selected from the parental basidiospore population on the basis of exceptionality in enzyme production, mycelium extension rate and/or colony morphology. As all detected changes in enzyme activity, mycelium extension rate, colony appearance and degradation of the polymeric dye Poly B411 were relatively stable after repeated testing, the dikaryotic isolates prepared in this way seem to be useful for the future biotechnological exploitation. No correlation between the colony appearance or the mating type and the enzyme activity or other characteristics tested has been found. 相似文献
324.
Y. J. Cai J. A. Buswell S. T. Chang 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》1993,9(5):503-507
Pleurotus sajor-caju was generally more tolerant to lignin-related phenolic monomers and tannin derivatives than Lentinus edodes and the straw mushroom, Volvariella volvacea. Several phenols, at up to 5 mM, enhanced mycelial growth of P. sajor-caju. No clear pattern was evident when the effects of phenols and tannins on the growth of V. volvacea and L. edodes were compared, but the lower concentrations of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin which were tested were markedly more toxic to the straw mushroom. The distribution of phenolic monomers and tannin derivatives in the agricultural wastes used for mushroom cultivation may be an important growth determinant. However, the differences in the growth inhibition profiles of L. edodes, P. sajor-caju and V. volvacea suggest that, alone, the effect of these compounds on fungal growth is unlikely to account for the varying abilities of the three mushroom species to grow and fruit on a particular lignocellulosic substrate. 相似文献
325.
326.
327.
Water-in-oil microemulsions as the reaction medium for the solvent-sensitive yellow laccases 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Janina Rodakiewicz-Nowak Natalia N. Pozdnyakova Olga V. Turkovskaya 《Biocatalysis and Biotransformation》2005,23(3):271-279
To determine the applicability of water-in-oil microemulsions for enzymatic conversions catalysed by yellow laccase from Pleurotus ostreatus (YLPO) D1 the following were studied: (i) the catalytic activity of the YLPO D1 in the oxidation of typical phenolic substrates: catechol (CAT), 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMOP) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), at the appropriate pH optimum values in aqueous buffer solutions and in 62 mM bis-2-(ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT) in isooctane water-in-oil microemulsions; (ii) the effect of acetonitrile (ACN) on the kinetic parameters of DMOP oxidation catalysed by this laccase; (iii) the optimum conditions for the laccase catalytic activity in AOT in isooctane w/o microemulsions (w, laccase, AOT concentration); (iiv) the possibility of using the optimum water-in-oil microemulsions for the oxidation of aromatic alcohols (veratryl alcohol (VA) and benzyl alcohol (BA)) and the oxidative degradation of selected pollutants (3-chlorophenol, anthracene (ANT) and fluorene (FLU)). 相似文献
328.
In this study, the full mitochondrial genome of a basidiomycete fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus, was sequenced and analyzed. It is a circular DNA molecule of 73 242 bp and contains 44 known genes encoding 18 proteins and 26 RNA genes. The protein-coding genes include 14 common mitochondrial genes, one ribosomal small subunit protein 3 gene, one RNA polymerase gene and two DNA polymerase genes. In addition, one RNA and one DNA polymerase genes were identified in a mitochondrial plasmid. These two genes show relatively low similarities to their homologs in the mitochondrial genome but they are nearly identical to the known mitochondrial plasmid genes from another Pleurotus ostreatus strain. This suggests that the plasmid may mediate the horizontal gene transfer of the DNA and RNA polymerase genes into mitochondrial genome, and such a transfer may be an ancient event. Phylogenetic analysis based on the cox1 ORFs verified the traditional classification of Pleurotus ostreatus among fungi. However, the discordances were observed in the phylogenetic trees based on the six cox1 intronic ORFs of Pleurotus ostreatus and their homologs in other species, suggesting that these intronic ORFs are foreign DNA sequences obtained through HGT. In summary, this analysis provides valuable information towards the understanding of the evolution of fungal mtDNA. 相似文献
329.
Uttara Chakraborty Samir Ranjan Sikdar 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(8):1481-1492
Twelve somatic hybrid lines were raised through polyethylene glycol-mediated intergeneric protoplast fusion between Volvariella volvacea and Pleurotus florida using a double selection method. Four hybrid lines belonging to two distinct colony morphology types could be maintained
in culture. Basidiocarps could be generated from two hybrid lines, one of which showed resemblance to the P. florida parent while the other showed intermediate parental morphology. Hybridity of the fusant lines was established on the basis
of colony morphology, mycelial growth rate, hyphal traits, fruit body morphology, isozyme and RAPD analysis. Four isozyme
activities were analyzed to provide biochemical criteria for detection of polymorphism among the hybrids and their parents.
Using 20 random decamers a total of 203 RAPD bands ranging from 0.09 to 1.6 kb were observed. The UPGMA method of clustering
exhibited two major phylogenetic clusters, the first of which comprised of the parents, two fruit body generating hybrid lines
and their subsequent fruit body derived lines, while the two non-fruit body generating hybrid lines formed the out group of
the first major cluster. Screening of a Pleurotus type hybrid line having high biological efficiency and generation of a temperature tolerant Pleurotus type line through backcross mating between a non-fruit body generating somatic hybrid and V. volvacea parent are the key achievements of this fusion programme. 相似文献
330.