桔梗的组织培养

桔梗 (ＰｌａｔｙｃｏｄｏｎｇｒａｎｄｉｆｌｏｒｕｍＡ .ＤＣ .)为桔梗科多年生草本植物 ,根供药用 ,有宣肺、祛痰、排脓之功效。用于治疗外感咳嗽 ,咽喉肿痛 ,肺痈吐脓等症[1] 。近年来 ,桔梗成为极具开发前景的一种药食两用经济作物 ,需求量大增 ,野生资源不能满足需要 ,人工栽培问题已有研究[2 ] ,进展也较快。桔梗药材生产主要采用种子或无性繁殖 ,而通过组织培养的方法进行桔梗快繁 ,在 80年代中期少数学者进行过初步研究[3 ,4 ] 。作者拟通过桔梗的离体培养试验 ,优化培养条件 ,为缩短桔梗育苗周期和优良品种快繁提供依据。1　材料…     

桔梗胚乳吸器结构研究

对桔梗（PlatycodongrandiflorusA.DC）的胚乳吸器进行了显微结构和超微结构研究,结果如下：1．胚乳的发育属细胞型。8-细胞胚乳时分化出珠孔吸器;16-细胞胚乳时分化出合点吸器。2．吸器细胞的壁存在大量壁内突,彼此交织成网状结构,浓厚的细胞质里有丰富的线粒体、内质网和高尔基体;细胞核及核仁异常增大;吸器细胞与胚乳细胞间存在大量的胞间连丝。3．珠被绒毡层与胚囊壁之间存在二层角质层,共同包围着胚囊,只在胚囊的珠孔端与合点端开口。胚乳吸器的功能是对来自孢子体的营养物质起吸收与转运作用,从而保证胚乳和胚的发育。     

桔梗一新栽培变种

桔梗一新栽培变种,即重瓣桔梗Plantycodon grandiflorus(Jacq) A.DC.cv.plenus X.S.Wen。     

A homogalacturonan from the radix of Platycodon grandiflorum and the anti-angiogenesis activity of poly-/oligogalacturonic acids derived therefrom

A polysaccharide, PGA4-3b, with an average molecular weight of 8.9 kDa estimated by high-performance gel-permeation chromatography (HPGPC), was isolated from radix of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. Using monosaccharide analysis, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy, PGA4-3b was elucidated to be a linear poly-(1→4)-α-d-galactopyranosyluronic acid that contains no methyl ester groups. Partial acid hydrolysis of PGA4-3b yielded a series of poly- or oligogalacturonic acids with different degrees of polymerization (DP), that is, 4-3bde, 4-3bde-O-1, 4-3bde-O-2, 4-3bde-O-3, and 4-3bde-O-4. Cell tube formation inhibition tests with human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) for antiangiogenesis analysis showed that 4-3bde-O-1 and 4-3bde-O-2, the fractions with higher molecular weights, could inhibit tube formation, while the native PGA4-3b and low molecular weight fraction 4-3bde-O-3 and 4-3bde-O4 are ineffective. Moreover, 4-3bde-O-2 with DP 5-10 impaired cell tube formation in a dose-dependent way, suggesting its potential to be developed as an anti-angiogenesis drug. This is the first time oligogalacturonic acids are reported to show an anti-angiogenesis effect.     

桔梗水浸提液对小麦幼苗的化感作用

采用培养皿滤纸法研究了不同浓度桔梗水浸提液对小麦的幼苗生长及生理生化指标的影响,探讨桔梗植株水浸提液对小麦的化感作用,推测其可能的生理机制。结果表明：桔梗植株水浸提液对小麦幼苗的地上部生长表现为低浓度（≤1mg／mL）促进、高浓度（5—20mg／mL）抑制作用;对根部生长为抑制作用,且抑制强度大于地上部。随处理浓度的升高,小麦幼苗体内POD活性、脯氨酸含量、MDA含量逐渐升高;CAT活性、根系活力、光合色素含量先升高后降低;可溶性蛋白含量和伤害率先降低后升高。桔梗植株水浸提液对小麦总体的化感效应表现为低促高抑,小麦可作为桔梗的轮作作物种植。     

桔梗科4种植物分离配囊的比较研究

应用酶解技术分离出桔梗科四种植物(桔梗、轮叶沙参、杏叶沙参和羊乳)的胚囊。对胚囊的形态结构和贮藏物质的变化作了观察比较。它们的成熟胚囊结构基本相同,均由卵细胞、一对助细胞和中央细胞组成。反足器退化较早。但形态、大小等有一定差异。桔梗胚囊狭长,细胞质浓密;沙参(包括轮叶沙参与杏叶沙参)的胚囊也较狭长,细胞质不如前者浓密;羊乳胚囊非常宽大,而细胞质相当稀薄,与前三种植物的差异较大。它们均含有贮藏物质,显微化学反应表明主要系多糖物质。多糖颗粒的形状、大小各有特点,在胚囊受精前后的消长变化也有不同。其中羊乳与其它三种植物之间的差别较大。     

桔梗花粉萌发与花粉管生长研究

以2年生桔梗植株为材料,采用液体培养法研究了培养基种类、PEG、蔗糖、pH以及培养温度、培养时间对桔梗花粉离体萌发生长的影响,结果表明:(1)浓度为100~150 g.L-1的PEG可显著促进桔梗花粉萌发和花粉管的生长;200~250 g.L-1PEG显著促进花粉萌发,但对花粉管生长的作用不显著。(2)100 g.L-1的蔗糖有利于花粉萌发和花粉管生长,高浓度蔗糖(200 g.L-1)有明显抑制作用;(3)桔梗花粉离体萌发和花粉管生长的适宜培养基为ME3+BK+10%蔗糖+150 g.L-1PEG(pH5.8);(4)25~40℃条件下桔梗花粉均可较好萌发,以30℃培养1.5 h为最佳培养条件。     

桔梗内生真菌的分离鉴定及其生物学特性研究

为了解药用植物桔梗(Platycodon grandiflorum)内生真菌的组成情况,利用组织分离法,从桔梗的根部分离得到菌落形态一致的链格孢菌,根据其形态特征及生物学特性,鉴定为桔梗链格孢(Alternaria platycodonis T.Y.Zhang)。     

Metaxenia in the vine cacti Hylocereus polyrhizus and Selenicereus spp

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Flowers of the vine cacti of the genera Hylocereus and Selenicereus grown in Israel must be hand pollinated due to self-incompatibility and lack of efficient pollinators. In controlled pollination experiments, it was found that the time elapsed between pollination and ripening depends on the source of the pollen. Therefore a study was made of some effects of the pollen source on fruit development. METHODS: Flowers of Hylocereus polyrhizus were pollinated on the same day with different pollen sources and the stigmas were covered. Fruits were collected 4 d after reaching full colour. RESULTS: Pollinating flowers of Hylocereus polyrhizus with Selenicereus grandiflorus and S. megalanthus pollen delayed ripening by 1 and 3 weeks, respectively, as compared with ripening of fruits pollinated with Hylocereus undatus pollen. Other fruit characteristics affected by the pollen source were fruit size, pulp dry weight and number of seeds per fruit, all being significantly reduced, while peel dry weight was significantly increased by S. megalanthus pollen. Total soluble sugar content was reduced in H. polyrhizus fruits pollinated with S. grandiflorus pollen. No other major traits were affected. CONCLUSIONS: The results are evidence for the existence of metaxenia, i.e. an effect of pollen on maternal tissues, in cacti fruits. This pollen effect on the fruit-ripening time may be used for extending the marketing period of H. polyrhizus fruits.     

桔梗雄性不育花药的发育解剖学研究

通过田间观察和石蜡切片法对桔梗不育和可育花药的形态及其解剖结构进行了比较研究,结果表明:桔梗可育和不育花器形态、花药长度无明显差异,而开花后,可育花药饱满、有光泽、有花粉粒散出,不育花药皱瘪、无光泽、无花粉粒散出;不育花药绒毡层提前退化解体,导致小孢子发育异常。