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171.
Thermolysin (Bacillus thermoproteolyticus neutral proteinase, EC 3.4.24.4) has been immobilized by radiation polymerization of hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers, and its properties, such as enzyme activity, thermal stability and durability, have been studied. The activity of the immobilized enzymes increased with an increase in the hydrophilicity of the polymer matrix and with a decrease in monomer concentration. Immobilization with hydrophilic monomers increased the thermal stability of the enzymes, but the thermal stability of the enzymes immobilized with hydrophobic monomers was comparable with that of native enzymes. The durability of the immobilized enzymes was examined by continuous hydrolysis of casein; enzymes immobilized with a high concentration (90%) of hydrophilic monomers appeared to be stabilized and could be used for long times. 相似文献
172.
Sucrose modifies ribosomal stability and conformation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
High concentrations of sucrose have a strong protective effect on heat-induced modifications of rat liver ribosomal subunits. They prevent to a large extent subunit inactivation, measured by poly (U)-dependent [14C] Phe tRNA binding (40S subunits) and puromycin reaction (60S subunits), subunit unfolding into light forms, and the release of both free and protein-complexed 5S RNA. They also increase the temperature at which subunits start to melt. Our data indicate that sucrose affects subunit conformation. 相似文献
173.
N. A. Kozyrovskaya R. I. Gvozdyak V. A. Muras V. A. Kordyum 《Archives of microbiology》1984,137(4):338-343
Transfer of plasmid pRD1 from Escherichia coli K12J62-1 to phytopathogenic bacteria, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Xanthomonas beticola and Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora caused changes in conjugant properties not determined by the plasmid and the emergence of the properties not present in the parent strains. Clones have been obtained with intermediate properties between donor and recipient, including those with altered or lost virulence. In transconjugants of A. tumefaciens virulence increased. In transconjugants of X. beticola and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora highly virulent as well as avirulent forms have been observed. The loss of virulence in X. beticola correlated with the Nif* phenotype. Plasmid pRD1 also affected the biochemical properties of the new hosts. 相似文献
174.
The activities of a number of enzymes in concentrated solutions of glycinebetaine and other solutes have been studied. Glycinebetaine, in contrast to electrolytes such as NaCl, was found to be noninhibitory up to 500 mM. This is compatible with the postulated role of glycinebetaine in cytoplasmic osmoregulation. Partial protection against NaCl inhibition was afforded by glycinebetaine in some cases. More detailed studies on glycinebetaine —NaCl-enzyme interactions were carried out using malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) from Hordeum vulgare.Abbreviations TES
N-tris[hydroxymethyl]methyl-2-aminoethane sulphonic acid
- MES
2[N-Morpholino]ethane sulphonic acid 相似文献
175.
Jane Smith Ian Furner Z. R. Sung 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1981,17(4):315-321
Summary The purpose of this study was to optimize growth conditions for a strain of haploid carrot callus and to follow its karyotypic
changes in a long span of time. The strain has been maintained in liquid suspension since September 1977. It has remained
predominantly haploid in its karyotype since that time. The original explant was initiated and subsequently subcultured in
Gamborg's B5 medium. The components of the B5 medium were omitted one at a time and sequentially added back to determine their
minimum, optimum, and maximum nontoxic concentrations. These changes were made in the original formula: the addition of an
organic buffering agent and an increase in the iron and other micronutrient concentrations. Using this slightly modified B5
medium, we assessed the effect on growth by single additions of amino acids, different carbon sources, growth regulators,
and vitamins. No improvement in plating efficiency resulted from addition of any of these compounds. We conclude that there
are factors limiting the plating efficiency of the haploid cells other than these tested, or that single additions will not
make a discernible difference, or that growth promoting factors cannot be exogenously supplemented to cultured cells. 相似文献
176.
Aphid transmission and a polypeptide are specified by a defined region of the cauliflower mosaic virus genome 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Infection of young turnip leaves with an aphid-transmissible isolate, Cabb B-JI, of cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) causes synthesis of an Mr 18 000 polypeptide (p18) which co-purifies with virus inclusion bodies. This polypeptide is not detectable in leaves infected with either of two aphid non-transmissible isolates. Campbell and CM4-184. Construction in vitro, of hybrid genomes between Cabb B-JI and Campbell isolates demonstrates that aphid transmissibility and presence of p18 is dependent on the small genome fragment from the BstEII site to the XhoI site. A deletion made in this fragment within open reading frame (ORF) II causes loss of aphid transmissibility and also terminates production of p18. We conclude that aphid transmissibility and the presence of p18 are related to the expression of ORF II of the CaMV genome. 相似文献
177.
A.P. Moloney T.J. Hackett P.J. Considine M.P. Coughlan 《Enzyme and microbial technology》1983,5(4):260-264
By a combination of genetic mutation and modification of growth medium the cellulase [see 1,4-(1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.4 etc.] activity of culture filtrates of Talaromyces emersonii CBS 814.70 has been increased four-fold to approximately 2 U ml?1 and a productivity of 20–25 Ul?1h?1. At 50°C this system was completely stable for at least 24 h. At 60°C in static reaction mixtures 19% of the original activity was lost compared with 21% when mixtures were shaken. At 70°C the loss of activity after 4 h was 64% without shaking and 70% when shaken. The cellulase system from Trichoderma reesei was decidedly less stable than that of Talaromyces emersonii under each of the above conditions. The ability of each enzyme system, separately and together, to digest beet pulp was investigated. 相似文献
178.
生物群落的生态稳定性 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
1.生物群落生态稳定的概念从生态学意义看,生物群落是稳定的,就是指它在相当长的一段时间内保持其中各种群数目不变,意即一方面,任何一个种群的数量不会少到能繁衍后代,乃致绝灭,另一 相似文献
179.
Summary We compared the DNA sequence of the yeas 2-μm plasmidcis-actingSTB andtrans-actingREP1 partition loci of laboratory haploid and industrial amphiploid strains. Several industrial strains had a uniqueSTB sequence (type 1) sharing only 70% homology with laboratorySTB (type 2). Type 1 plasmids had a REP1 protein with 6–10% amino acid substitutions when compared to REP1 of type 2 plasmids.
All 2-μm variants that shared a similarSTB consensus sequence exhibited a high degree ofREP1 nucleotide and amino acid sequence conservation. These observations suggest molecular coevolution oftrans-acting elements with cognate target DNA structure. Based on DNA sequencing and Southern hybridization analyses, we classified
2-μm variants into two main evolutionary lineages that differ atSTB as well asREP1 loci. The role of molecular coevolution in yeast intra- and interspecies plasmid evolution was discussed. 相似文献
180.
Howard T. Jacobs 《Journal of molecular evolution》1991,32(4):333-339
Summary Subunit 8 of mitochondrial ATP synthase (A8), a mitochondrially encoded polypeptide, has no known homologue in any prokaryotic or plastid ATP synthase, suggesting that it has been recruited to its present role in the enzyme from an extraneous source. The polypeptide is poorly conserved at the primary sequence level, but shows a well-conserved hydropathy profile. The hydropathy profiles of A8 from diverse taxa were compared with those of thehok family of prokaryotic respiratory toxins, some of whose members are involved in plasmid maintenance, through postsegregational killing of cells that lose the plasmid at cell division. Such comparisons revealed a highly significant degree of similarity, suggesting a functional relationship. Based on these findings, it is proposed that A8 evolved from ahok-like protein, whose original role was the maintenance of an extrachromosomal replicon in the endosymbiont ancestor of mitochondria. An aggressive mechanism for the evolutionary maintenance of mitochondrial DNA overcomes many of the failings of traditional explanations for its retention as a separate genome. 相似文献