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991.
992.
The influence of AVPR1A genotype on individual differences in behaviors during a mirror self‐recognition task in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) 下载免费PDF全文
The mark/rouge test has been used to assess mirror self‐recognition (MSR) in many species. Despite consistent evidence of MSR in great apes, genetic or non‐genetic factors may account for the individual differences in behavioral responses that have been reported. We examined whether vasopressin receptor gene (AVPR1A) polymorphisms are associated with MSR‐related behaviors in chimpanzees since vasopressin has been implicated in the development and evolution of complex social relations and cognition and chimpanzees are polymorphic for the presence of the RS3‐containing DupB region. We compared a sample of DupB+/? and DupB?/? chimpanzees on a mark test to assess its role on social behavior toward a mirror. Chimpanzees were administered two, 10‐min sessions where frequencies of mirror‐guided self‐directed behaviors, contingent actions and other social behaviors were recorded. Approximately one‐third showed evidence of MSR and these individuals exhibited more mirror‐guided self‐exploratory behaviors and mouth contingent actions than chimpanzees not classified as passers. Moreover, DupB+/? males exhibited more scratching and agonistic behaviors than other male and female cohorts. Our findings support previous studies demonstrating individual differences in MSR abilities in chimpanzees and suggest that AVPR1A partly explains individual differences in MSR by influencing the behavioral reactions of chimpanzees in front of a mirror. 相似文献
993.
994.
Paweena Chuenwarin Azumi Shimazaki Masanori Shimizu Yuko Kobayashi Masakazu Katsumata 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2016,80(3):452-460
Nondestructive evaluation of photosynthesis is a valuable tool in the field and laboratory. Delayed luminescence (DL) can reflect charge recombination through the backflow of electrons. However, DL detection has not yet been adapted for whole plants in Petri dishes. To compensate for differences in DL decay between sibling Arabidopsis plants grown under the same conditions, we developed a time-sequential double measurement method. Using this method, we examined the influence of photosynthetic electron flow inhibitors, and differences in the DL decay curves were categorized by considering the initial and late phases of the decay curves, as well as their intermediate slopes. The appearance of concavity and convexity in DL curves in Arabidopsis was different from unicellular algae, suggesting complexity in the photosynthetic machinery of higher plants. This detection method should be invaluable for evaluating photosynthetic defects in higher plants under sterile conditions without interrupting plant culture. 相似文献
995.
In this study, diverse intestinal immunostimulatory activities were demonstrated for polysaccharides (KBV-CP) isolated from Korean brown rice vinegar. Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that KBV-CP was composed mainly of neutral sugar units, primarily glucose and mannose. In vitro, KBV-CP significantly augmented the productions of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA-related cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, results of an in vitro co-culture system of intestinal Caco-2 cells and RAW 264.7 macrophage cells suggested that KBV-CP is not only cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells but also capable of being transported across the small intestinal barrier. Oral administration of KBV-CP every other day for 20 days induced the IgA production by Peyer’s patch cells as well as in intestinal fluid and fecal extract. In addition, the production of IgA-related cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor was triggered. 相似文献
996.
《氨基酸和生物资源》2016,(2):12-15
氨基酸转运载体是介导氨基酸跨膜转运的膜蛋白,在医学、营养等生命科学领域有重要的研究意义。氨基酸转运载体SLC38A1选择性、生理性表达于人体正常大脑和胎盘组织,研究表明,SLC38A1在恶性肿瘤中呈过表达,可以促进肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移。SLC38A1有望成为新的肿瘤靶点之一,本文就SLC38A1在肿瘤中的研究进展作一综述。 相似文献
997.
《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2016,24(9):2043-2052
3-[18F]Fluoro-2-hydroxypropyl substituted compounds were synthesized and evaluated as novel 18F-labeled PET tracers for imaging Aβ plaque in a living brain. All compounds exhibited high binding affinities toward the synthetic Aβ1–42 aggregate and/or Alzheimer’s disease brain homogenate. In the microPET study with normal mice, the 3-[18F]fluoro-2-hydroxypropyl substituted compounds resulted in fast brain washout by reducing the lipophilicities of the compounds. Intriguingly, (S)-configured PET tracers, (S)-[18F]1b and (S)-[18F]1c, exhibited a 2.8 and 4.0-fold faster brain washout rate at a peak/30 min in the mouse brain than the corresponding (R)-configured PET tracers despite there being no meaningful difference in binding affinities toward Aβ plaque. A further evaluation of (S)-[18F]1c with healthy rhesus monkeys also revealed excellent clearance from the frontal cortex with ratios of 7.0, 16.0, 30.0 and 49.0 at a peak/30, 60, 90, and 120 min, respectively. These results suggest that (S)-[18F]1c may be a potential PET tracer for imaging Aβ plaque in a living brain. 相似文献
998.
《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2016,24(11):2433-2440
Microtubules are considered as important targets of anticancer therapy. EAPB0503 and its structural imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivatives are major microtubule-interfering agents with potent anticancer activity. In this study, the synthesis of several new derivatives of EAPB0503 is described, and the anticancer efficacy of 13 novel derivatives on A375 human melanoma cell line is reported. All new compounds show significant antiproliferative activity with IC50 in the range of 0.077–122 μM against human melanoma cell line (A375). Direct inhibition of tubulin polymerization assay in vitro is also assessed. Results show that compounds 6b, 6e, 6g, and EAPB0503 highly inhibit tubulin polymerization with percentages of inhibition of 99%, 98%, 90%, and 84% respectively. Structure–activity relationship studies within the series are also discussed in line with molecular docking studies into the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. 相似文献
999.
光敏色素( phytochrome,简称PHY)是植物体内最重要的光受体,参与调节植物种子萌发、幼苗生长、茎的伸长、子叶伸展直至开花控制等许多生理过程。该研究通过RT-PCR方法首次从三叶木通( Akebia trifoli-ata)中获得了编码光敏色素A的cDNA序列(命名为AktrPHYA1,GenBank登录号为KP864055)。结果表明:该序列由3496 bp组成,包含一个3426 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码1141个氨基酸。 AktrPHYA1编码的蛋白N端为光感受区域,包括一个GAF结构域、一个PHY结构域;C端为光调节区域,C端包括两个PAS结构域、一个组氨酸激酶A结构域和一个类似组氨酸激酶的ATP 激酶结构。同源蛋白比对显示,AktrPHYA1与耧斗菜、荷花的同源蛋白序列一致性分别为83%和82%。遗传进化树分析表明,单子叶植物和双子叶植物的光敏色素A基因分别聚为两支;在双子叶植物中,AktrPHYA1与耧斗菜、荷花PHYA聚在一起,说明三叶木通与耧斗菜、荷花遗传关系较近。 AktrPHYA1在三叶木通茎、叶片、雄花、雌花、种子中均有表达,且在种子中表达最强,在叶片中表达量最低。 AktrPHYA1的组织表达谱暗示了其在植物中可能的功能。该研究结果为三叶木通光敏色素A基因的功能研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
1000.
《Cytokine》2016
TNF-like protein 1A (TL1A), a member of tumor necrosis factor family, recognized as a ligand of death receptor 3 (DR3) and decoy receptor 3 (DcR3). The interaction of TL1A and DR3 may participate in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our previous results showed that high concentrations of TL1A could be found in synovial and serum in RA patients, and it was correlated with disease severity. In addition, TL1A could promote Th17 differentiation induced by TGF-β and IL-6 and increased the production of IL-17A. In the present study, we found that TL1A could promote the expression of IL-6 on fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) of RA patients via NF-κB and JNK signaling pathway. TL1A-stimulated FLS increased the percentage of Th17 of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in RA via the production of IL-6, a critical cytokine involved in the differentiation of Th17. Moreover, the blocking of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) decreased TL1A-stimulated IL-6 production by RA FLS. Our results suggest that TL1A was capable of acting on RA FLS to elevate IL-6 expression, which promoted the production of Th17. More importantly, we showed that TL1A could influence RA FLS through binding to TNFR2 rather than DR3 on FLS, which indicated that the treatment of TNF inhibitors not only blocked the TNF but also suppressed the TL1A in RA patients. 相似文献