非嗜食植物乙醇提取物对小菜蛾种群控制作用评价

通过建立实验种群生命表和自然种群生命表,应用种群趋势指数(indexofpopulationtrend,I)和干扰作用控制指数(interferenceindexofpopulationcontrol,IIPC),评价花椒(Zanthoxylumbungeanum)、细叶桉(Eucalyptustereticornis)、烟草(Nicotianatabacum)、构树(Broussonetiapapyrifera)、羊蹄甲(Bauhiniavariegata)、假莲翘(Durantarepens)、飞扬草(Euphorbiahirta)、茶枯(Camelliaoleifera)8种非嗜食植物乙醇提取物对小菜蛾实验种群的控制作用,以及细叶桉、烟草、茶枯3种非嗜食植物乙醇提取物及其混合液对小菜蛾自然种群的控制作用.室内试验结果表明,在各种植物乙醇提取物作用下,I值从小到大的顺序为4.4842(细叶桉)、5.3702(花椒)、5.5199(飞扬草)、6.1609(假莲翘)、6.8937(羊蹄甲)8.0945(烟草)、9.8052(茶枯)、11.1382(构树),对照的I值为69.8964;IIPC值从小到大的顺序为0.0642(细叶桉)、0.0768(花椒)、0.0790(飞扬草)、0.0881(假莲翘)、0.0986(羊蹄甲)、0.1158(烟草)、0.1403(茶枯)、0.1594(构树),说明供试植物提取物对小菜蛾实验种群增长都有一定的抑制和干扰作用.小菜蛾自然种群生命表研究结果表明,在各种植物乙醇提取物作用下,I值从小到大的顺序为5.1997(细叶桉)、7.4160(烟草)、7.3644(茶枯)和3.1399(混合液),对照的I值为21.6232;IIPC值从小到大的顺序为混合液(0.1608)、细叶桉(0.2405)、茶枯(0.3549)、烟草(0.3695),说明供试植物提取物都能明显降低种群趋势指数,在一定程度上抑制和干扰小菜蛾自然种群增长,在生产中有一定的应用前景.     

植物抗冷分子生物学研究进展（综述）

温度是植物生长的必要条件,然而低温却是限制作物生产的重要因素,为此,各国政府及研究部门一直都把植物低温适应性问题作为一个重要的研究课题．按照低温的不同程度,植物的低温伤害可分为冷害（ｃｈｉｌｌｉｎｇ ｉｎｊｕｒｙ;零上低温对植物的伤害）和冻害（ｆｒｅｅｚｉｎｇ ｉｎｊｕｒｙ;零下低温对植物的伤害）两大类。早期关于植物冷害机理和抗冷机理的研究,是从比较冷敏感（ｃｈｉｌｌｉｎｇ－ｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅ）植物和抗冷（ｃｈｉｌｌｉｎｇ－ｉｎｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅ）植物或比较未经冷驯化的植物（ｎｏｎ－ｃｏｌｄ－ａｃ…     

细胞培养技术在植物抗性生理研究领域中的应用

本文综述了近10年来有关利用细胞培养技术所进行的抗性生理领域的研究成果,包括在培养过程中植物细胞对外界胁迫的反应、有关利用细胞培养技术研究植物的抗逆性反应,以及植物抗逆性的理论在实际中的应用。大量的实验证明,细胞培养技术在植物抗逆性研究领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

植物叶绿素含量与大气中SO2浓度相关性研究

本文对厦门市5个样点、6种常见绿化树种及盆栽植物蕹菜的叶绿素含量、叶片含硫量及大气中SO_2浓度分析测定,得出了6种植物叶绿素a、b变化趋势是:鼓浪屿、厦门大学>火车站、后江埭>电化厂;叶片含硫量的变化趋势与叶绿素a、b含量变化相反。表明植物叶片叶绿素含量与大气中SO_2浓度和叶片含硫量呈负相关,并计算蕹菜叶绿素含量与大气SO_2浓度相关模式(y=-0.0138x 0.1958),为大气环境评价提供生物学依据。     

Nitric Oxide Signalling In Plants

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecule that acts in many tissues to regulate a diverse range of physiological processes. It is becoming apparent that NO is a ubiquitous signal in plants. Since the discovery of NO emission by plants in the 1970s, this gaseous compound has emerged as a major signalling molecule involved in multiple physiological functions. Research on NO in plants has gained significant awareness in recent years and there is increasing indication on the role of this molecule as a key-signalling molecule in plants. The investigations about NO in plants have been concentrated on three main fields: The search of NO or any source of NO generation, effects of exogenous NO treatments, NO transduction pathways. However we have limited information about signal transduction procedures by which NO interaction with cells results in altered cellular activities. This article reviews recent advances in NO synthesis and its signalling functions in plants. First, different sources and biosynthesis of NO in plants, then biological processes involving NO signalling are reviewed. NO signalling relation with cGMP, protein kinases and programmed cell death are also discussed. Besides, NO signalling in plant defense response is also examined. Especially NO signalling between animal and plant systems is compared.     

2-D DIGE analysis of UV-C radiation-responsive proteins in globe artichoke leaves

Plants respond to ultraviolet stress inducing a self-defence through the regulation of specific gene family members. The UV acclimation is the result of biochemical and physiological processes, such as enhancement of the antioxidant enzymatic system and accumulation of UV-absorbing phenolic compounds (e.g. flavonoids). Globe artichoke is an attractive species for studying the protein network involved in UV stress response, being characterized by remarkable levels of inducible antioxidants. Proteomic tools can assist the evaluation of the expression patterns of UV-responsive proteins and we applied the difference in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE) technology for monitoring the globe artichoke proteome variation at four time points following an acute UV-C exposure. A total of 145 UV-C-modulated proteins were observed and 119 were identified by LC-MS/MS using a ～144,000 customized Compositae protein database, which included about 19,000 globe artichoke unigenes. Proteins were Gene Ontology (GO) categorized, visualized on their pathways and their behaviour was discussed. A predicted protein interaction network was produced and highly connected hub-like proteins were highlighted. Most of the proteins differentially modulated were chloroplast located, involved in photosynthesis, sugar metabolisms, protein folding and abiotic stress. The identification of UV-C-responsive proteins may contribute to shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying plant responses to UV stress.     

不同株型芝麻种质湿害后产量性状研究及耐湿性评价

于盛花期对66份种质进行湿害处理,结果表明:湿害对单秆型和分枝型种质的产量性状影响差异明显,对单秆型芝麻产量性状的影响(湿害指数值)大小依次为单株种子干重(69.18%)蒴果数(67.48%)有效果节数(49.10%)有效果轴长度(45.69%)株高(16.40%),对分枝性芝麻的影响依次为分枝有效果节数(65.96%)分枝蒴果数(64.73%)总蒴果数(52.01%)单株种子干重(49.92%)主茎蒴果数(41.66%)主茎有效果轴长度(37.57%)有效分枝数(34.21%)主茎有效果节数(20.12%)株高(15.43%);湿害对三蒴型芝麻的侧位蒴果影响较大,对单秆三蒴型芝麻的影响为侧位蒴果数(92.25%)中位蒴果数(50.25%),对分枝三蒴型芝麻的影响为分枝侧位蒴果数(92.86%)主茎侧位蒴果数(69.14%)分枝中位蒴果数(44.17%)主茎中位蒴果数(32.97%)。根据相对湿害产量可以将供试种质聚为耐湿与不耐湿二大类,不耐湿类型种质61份,占92.42%;耐湿类型种质5份,占7.58%,为竹山白芝麻、西平二郎花、阜南芝麻、嘉兴紧口黑和麻城黑芝麻,可作为耐湿种质加以利用。     

季节性雪被对天山雪岭云杉凋落叶分解和碳氮磷释放的影响

季节性雪被下显著的冻融格局差异可能对干旱区山地森林凋落叶分解过程产生重要影响, 但一直未见深入研究。2015年10月至2016年10月, 采用凋落物分解袋法, 研究了天山典型树种雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)凋落叶在季节性雪被覆盖下的3个关键时期(冻融期、深冻期、融冻期)以及生长季(生长季早期和生长季末期)的分解动态和碳、氮、磷释放特征。结果表明: (1)经过一年的分解, 不同雪被厚度下雪岭云杉凋落叶分解率为24.6%-29.2%, 且存在显著性差异。分解系数k值厚雪被覆盖最大, 无雪被覆盖最小。(2)冬季雪被覆盖期雪岭云杉凋落叶分解对当年分解总量的贡献达46.0%- 48.5%, 其中对冻融期凋落叶分解影响较为明显。(3)随着凋落叶的分解, 雪岭云杉凋落叶氮含量总体呈增加趋势; 碳含量和碳氮比大致呈下降趋势, 在深冻期和生长季末期不同雪被处理下碳含量呈显著性差异; 而凋落叶磷含量呈不规则变化趋势, 且在冻融期和融冻期不同雪被厚度下呈显著性差异。(4)整个雪被覆盖季节凋落叶氮元素表现为富集, 碳和磷元素表现为释放; 其中, 在融冻期薄雪被和中雪被处理下碳元素富集率最大, 在冻融期薄雪被、中雪被和厚雪被处理下, 融冻期无雪被和厚雪被下以及生长季早期中雪被和厚雪被下氮元素富集率最大, 而雪被对凋落叶磷释放的影响不显著。     

Characterization of a GDP-D-mannose 3',5'-epimerase from rice

The enzymatic characterization of GDP-d-mannose 3',5'-epimerase (GME), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of vitamin C in plants is described. The GME gene (Genbank Accession No. AB193582) in rice was cloned, and expressed as a fusion protein in Escherichia coli. Reaction products from GDP-d-mannose, as produced by GME catalysis, were separated by recycling HPLC on an ODS column, and were determined to be GDP-l-galactose and GDP-l-gulose, based on their NMR spectra and sugar analysis. The reaction catalyzed by GME was inhibited by GDP, and was strongly accelerated by NAD(+) in contrast to the case of GME from Arabidopsis thaliana. This difference in the effect of NAD(+) on GME activity can be attributed to the NAD binding domain which is conserved in the rice gene, but not in the Arabidopsis thaliana gene. The apparent K(m) and k(cat) were determined to be 1.20x10(-5)M and 0.127s(-1), respectively, in the presence of 20microM NAD(+). The fractions of GDP-d-mannose, GDP-l-galactose and GDP-l-gulose, at equilibrium, were approximately 0.75, 0.20 and 0.05, respectively.