北长山岛森林乔木层碳储量及其影响因子

人工林是庙岛群岛典型的陆地生态系统的组成部分,对维护海岛地区生态环境具有重要作用。采用现有生物量相对生长方程和样地调查数据相结合的方法,以庙岛群岛中北长山岛为研究区,对海岛黑松纯林与黑松×刺槐混交林两种林型的碳储量进行了估算,并分析了土壤质地及其理化性质对海岛乔木层碳储量的影响。结果表明:黑松乔木层平均碳储量为84.00 t/hm²,接近于世界平均水平(86.00 t/hm²);黑松×刺槐混交林乔木层平均碳储量为29.60 t/hm²,高于山东省乔木层的平均碳储量(27.62 t/hm²)。应用因子分析法研究影响乔木层碳储量的主要因子,结果表明:土壤质地、pH值、含水量及含盐量是影响海岛乔木碳储量重要的影响因子。北长山岛土壤全氮、总磷、土壤有机质、碳氮比等其他理化性质对乔木层碳储量影响不是非常明显。     

球针壳属一新种和一新组合

本文报道了球针壳属(Phyllactinia)的一个新种和一个新组合,即寄生于杜鹃花科(Ericaceae)吊钟花属(ENkianthus)灯笼花(E.chinensis Franch)上的灯笼花球针壳(Phyllactiniaenkianthi z.y. zhao sp. nov.)和寄生于茶藨子科(Grossulariaceae)茶藨子(Ribes sp.)上的茶藨子球针壳(Phyllactinia ribesii(Jacz.)z. y. zhao comb. nov.)。上述新分类单位均有汉文和拉丁文描述,新分类单位与近似种有汉文讨论。     

氮添加对三峡库区马尾松-栓皮栎混交林土壤微生物生物量和酶活性的影响

选择三峡库区的马尾松-栓皮栎混交林,分析不同浓度氮添加(0、30、60、90 kg N·hm-2·a-1)对土壤微生物生物量、酶活性和养分含量的影响,为在大气氮沉降持续增加的背景下预测该地区森林土壤碳动态提供科学依据.结果 表明:各氮添加处理下土壤有机碳、全氮和微生物生物量碳、氮、磷均显著提高,土壤pH值下降,全磷含量...     

马尾松幼苗根系和光合碳供应对土壤性质变化和温室气体排放的驱动作用

森林植被受全球气候变化、森林经营活动及病虫害等多种干扰,导致林地光合碳供应水平及根系输入量发生变化。在此背景下,土壤性质及土壤温室气体排放的响应及其机理是预测森林碳汇功能变化及森林可持续经营的重要依据。以2年生马尾松盆栽苗为对象,通过单株/盆和3株/盆栽植密度控制根系输入量、通过环割和截干控制光合碳向地下的供应能力,模拟森林植被干扰导致的根系输入量及光合碳供应变化对土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构及温室气体排放的影响。结果表明,苗木根系非结构性碳水化合物(TNC)含量和氮含量比单株/盆低;3株/盆的土壤速效氮含量比单株/盆低,土壤革兰氏阳性菌、厌氧菌、放线菌及丛枝菌根真菌丰富度均比单株/盆显著增加,3株/盆的土壤二氧化碳(CO₂)排放速率较高,但土壤氧化亚氮(N₂O)排放速率差异不显著。无论是单株/盆还是3株/盆,环割和截干处理后,根系生物量、根系长度及表面积均比对照显著下降;根系TNC含量显著下降。土壤和根系氮含量都有增加趋势;土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)含量降低,而土壤微生物生物量氮(SMBN)则提高。环割和截干后,土壤中各种微生物组成丰富度均有下降趋势,土壤CO₂排放速率显著下降,土壤N₂O排放速率则显著提高。根系输入量及光合碳供应对土壤细菌和真菌含量均有显著影响,土壤细菌含量与根系生物量、SMBC和SMBN显著正相关;土壤真菌含量与土壤温度显著负相关,与根系生物量、SMBC和SMBN显著正相关。相关分析表明,土壤CO₂排放通量与土壤温度、土壤湿度及根系生物量显著正相关,与土壤硝态氮显著负相关;土壤N₂O排放通量与土壤温度和土壤湿度显著正相关。以上研究表明,根系输入量与地上光合碳供应共同作用,改变土壤理化性质及微生物环境,进而影响土壤温室气体排放。     

湿地松木质部和针叶松脂合成基因分析

为挖掘湿地松(Pinus elliottii)松脂合成相关的基因,对不同采脂期的木质部和针叶进行高通量转录组测序,与火炬松(Pinus taeda)参考基因组进行比对,共获得了68 211条unigenes,546 356 450条clean reads,平均比对率达90.21%。将不同时期木质部、木质部与针叶间进行两两对比,以P＜0.05,|log₂FoldChange|＞1.0为标准来筛选差异基因,并进行GO和KEGG富集分析。结果表明,参与萜类物质合成的差异基因有133个,其中大部分富集在MEP途径,从差异基因中挑选8个产脂相关的候选基因进行RT-qPCR验证,确定HMGR、DXS、TPS、ABC转运蛋白基因与产脂存在关联性。通过转录组测序与分析,挖掘出133个参与松脂萜类物质合成相关的差异基因,其中萜烯合酶基因(TPS)和ABC转运基因在正调控萜类物质合成中发挥关键作用。     

北京地区油松人工林不同演替类型空间结构对林下植被及土壤的影响

以北京地区油松(Pinus tabuliformis)人工林不同演替类型林分为研究对象,研究油松纯林、油松-栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis)混交林和栓皮栎纯林三种不同演替类型林分的空间结构、林下植被和土壤水分的变化规律及其相互作用关系。结果表明：(1)林分水平及垂直空间结构、草本层物种多样性、更新幼树生长、土壤持水和透气性能等指标在三种不同演替类型林分间差异显著(P<0.05),林分空间结构参数中的角尺度、林层指数和开敞度显著影响了各类型林分的灌草多样性,混交度、林层指数和大小比数显著影响了更新幼树的生长,混交度和林层指数显著影响了土壤水分的变化(P<0.05)。(2)松栎混交林灌草生物量、天然更新幼树的生长以及土壤水分物理状况均好于纯林,并主要受林分混交度和林层指数的共同作用。(3)各演替类型林分内均存在栓皮栎更新幼树,混交林栓皮栎更新幼树数量最多、长势最好,对林地资源的竞争最为激烈。因此,可以通过调整林分空间结构实现种间关系及林地资源的调控,以充分发挥森林生态系统的各项功能与价值。     

Plant regeneration through organogenesis from callus induced from mature zygotic embryos of loblolly pine

Mature zygotic embryos from three seed sources of loblolly pine were cultured on callus induction medium containing 10 mg l^–1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 4 mg l^–1 benzyladenine (BA), 400 mg l^–1 casein hydrolysate, and 400 mg l^–1 glutamine for 6 weeks. Light-yellow, loose, glossy, globular callus was formed, and the highest frequency was 35.7%. The highest differentiation frequency of callus on adventitious bud induction medium was 62.1%. After culture of calli with adventitious buds on elongation medium for 6 weeks, adventitious shoots more than 1.0 cm in height were selected for rooting. On rooting medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l^–1 indole-3-butyric acid, 1 mg l^–1 BA, and 0.5 mg l^–1 gibberellic acid, the highest rooting frequency of adventitious shoots was 46% in a culture period of 6 weeks. Established plants survived following transfer to soil at a frequency of 71%. Received: 14 May 1997 / Revision received: 25 September 1997 / Accepted: 11 October 1997     

Tracheid production in response to indole-3-acetic acid varies with internode age in Pinus sylvestris stems

Summary Different concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in lanolin were applied to the cambial region of approximately 10- and 34-year-old internodes in the main stem of Pinus sylvestris (L.) trees during the tracheid production period. After 5 weeks of treatment, the radial width of xylem produced in both ages of internode was positively related to exogenous IAA concentration measured at 0, 1 and 3 cm directly below the application site. Tracheid production in response to exogenous IAA in the 34-year-old internode was approximately one-half of that in the 10-year-old internode. The endogenous IAA level in the 7-, 17- and approximately 34-year-old internodes of similar trees was measured by radioimmunoassay, using gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring-mass spectrometry for validation. No consistent relationship was found between xylem radial width and IAA concentration. The data indicate that the cambium's ability to respond to exogenous IAA is qualitatively the same in 1-year-old shoots and older internodes. However, as the internode ages, there is a decrease in the extent of the response and in the optimal IAA level for inducing tracheid production.     

云南省蚱科一新属新种(直翅目:蚱科)

本文报道蚱科一新属一新种。新属,微翅蚱属Alulatettix gen nov.的主要特征是前胸背板强烈隆起呈屋脊形,前胸背板侧片后缘具二凹陷,前、后翅甚微小。其模式种为云南微翅蚱Alulatettix yunnanensis sp.nov.