An effect of cell-cycle position on ultraviolet-light-induced mutagenesis in Chinese hamster ovary cells

Using synchronous populations obtained by selectively detaching mitotic cells from cultures grown in monolayer, we demonstrate here that Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells exhibit a differential sensitivity to mutation induction by UV as a function of position in the cell cycle. When mutation induction to 6-thioguanine (TG) resistance is monitored, several maxima and minima are displayed during cell-cycle traverse, with a major maximum occurring in early S phase. Although cells in S phase are more sensitive to UV-mediated cell lethality than those in G₁ or G₂/M phases, there is not a strict correlation with induced mutation frequency. Fluence-response curves obtained at several times during the cell cycle yield D_q values approximating 6 J/m². The primary survival characteristic which varies with cell cycle position is D₀, ranging from 2.5 J/m² at 6 h after mitotic selection to 5.5 J/m² at 11 h afterward. Based on studies with asynchronous, logarithmically growing populations, as well as those mitotically selected to be synchronous, the optimum phenotypic expression time for induced TG resistance is 7–9 days and is essentially independent of both UV fluence and position in the cell cycle. All isolated mutants have altered hypozanthine—guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) activity, and no difference in the residual level of activity was detected among isolated clones receiving UV radiation during G₁, S, or late S/G₂ phases of the cell cycle. Changes in cellular morphology during cell-cycle traverse do not contribute to the differential susceptibility to UV-induced mutagenesis.     

Differences in sialyl transferase activity and in concanavalin-A agglutination between T and B lymphoblastoid cell lines.

The concanavalin A agglutination patterns, sialyl transferase activity and sialic acid content were studied for cultured lymphoblastoid cell lines possessing either T or B surface markers. Concanavalin A caused marked agglutination of the two B cell lines studied, Raji and SB, while the two T cell lines, HSB-2 and CCRF-CEM, failed to agglutinate with this lectin. The surface sialyl transferase activity of the two B lines was significantly higher than on the two T lines studied. In contrast, the total cellular sialic acid content or the surface sialic acid that was released from the T and B cell lines by neuraminidase was not significantly different. This study indicates that T and B lymphoblastoid cells possess different levels of surface located sialyl transferase activity and display different agglutination patterns with Con A. Perhaps these assays can be of value in differentiating various classes of neoplastic lymphoid cells.     

Morphogenetic interactions occurring between blastemas and stumps after exchanging blastemas between normal and double-half forelimbs in the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum.

Regeneration blastemas were exchanged between surgically constructed forelimbs comprised of symmetrical tissues (double-anterior and double-posterior) and normal, unoperated forelimbs. Normal blastemas grafted at the stage of medium bud (MB) onto double-half forelimb stumps regenerated normal skeletal patterns in nearly all cases. Double-half blastemas transplanted at the stage of MB onto normal forelimb stumps did not regenerate complete limb patterns. These results indicate that a double-half blastema cannot be “rescued” by transplantation to a normal stump and that a double-half limb stump does not interfere with the ability of a normal blastema to distally transform. The regeneration blastema possesses sufficient positional information at the stage of MB to permit it to develop autonomously. Supernumerary forelimbs resulted from several types of graft-stump combinations. The location and handedness of these supernumerary limbs are predicted by the rules of a recently presented model for pattern regulation in epimorphic fields [French, V., Bryant, P. J., and Bryant, S. V. (1976). Science193, 969–981].     

Rabbit renal cortical microsomes metabolize arachidonic acid to trihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids

(1-¹⁴C) Eicosatetraenoic (Arachidonic) acid was incubated wiht microsomes from rabbit renal cortex and NADPH (1 mM) for 15 min at 37°C. The products were extracted and purified by high pressure liquid chromatography. Some of the most polar metabolites were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. They were 11, 12, 19- and 11, 12,20-trihydroxy-5,8-14-eicosatrienoic acid, 14,15,19- and 14,15,20- trihydroxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid, and 11,12-dihydroxy-19-oxo- 5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid. These products were likely formed by ω- and (ω−1)-hydroxylation of 11,12-dihydroxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic aic and 14,15-dihydroxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid, two recently identified metabolites of arachidonic acid in fortified rabbit kidney microsomes.     

Reactions of oxygen radical species with methional: a pulse radiolysis study.

The reaction of hydroxyl radicals (^?OH) and superoxide anions ($\text{O}{}_2{}^{\mathrm{?}}$) with methional were investigated by pulse-radiolytic methods. The second-order rate constant for the attack of OH was determined at 8.2×10⁹ M^?1 sec^?1. In the case of $\text{O}{}_2{}^{\mathrm{?}}$ a slow first-order decay rate of 5.2×10³ sec^?1 suggests a far less efficient reaction. The transient species were identified by comparison with published results of pulse radiolysis and EPR spectroscopy of model compounds. The mechanism for the oxidation of methional by OH was found to be more complex than a simple fragmentation reaction.     

Purification of complement components by hydrophobic affinity chromatography on phenyl—Sepharose: Purification of human C5

Human complement components C5 and C3 were purified with 41% and 20% yields, respectively, by euglobulin precipitation, DEAE—Sephacel ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Phenyl—Sepharose chromatography allowed the complete separation of C3 and C5. C3 bound loosely on the resin whereas C5 bound firmly and was eluted with 50% glycerin solution. Gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 allowed the depletion of C4bp and H that contaminated C5 preparations. Homogeneity of C5 and C3 preparations was demonstrated by SDS—PAGE and immunochemical analysis. C5 and C3 consisted of two chains (α, 110000; β, 75000) linked by disulfide bridges.     

Turtle hemoglobin: evidence of a T-state oxyhemoglobin

The 270 MHz ¹H NMR spectra of rabbit skeletal long and short S2 were indistinguishable at 20°C and 30°C and contained only a small proportion of sharp peaks associated with flexible regions. At 60°C both proteins were denatured and had essentially identical spectra. At 40°C and 50°C the long S2 spectrum contained a marginally greater proportion of sharp peaks, representing not more than 25 residues/chain. Our results are consistent with the presence of a small hinge in long S2 but do not support its containing an extensive region which provides contractile force by a helix—coil transition.