AP-I型低压液相层析仪的研制及其在植物化学研究中的应用

本文介绍AP-I型低压液相层析仪,以及利用该仪器进行制备性分离的快速层析技术。应用AP-I型低压液相层析仪,采用高细度层析材料、短粗柱和上行洗脱法,在1—5kg.cm~(-2)压力下进行柱层析,具有设备简单、操作方便、分离快速、纯化效率高,重现性好等优点。     

Unprecedented sugar bridged bisindoles selective inhibiting glioma stem cells

Unlike reported bisindoles linked by single bond directly, alstoniasidines A (1) and B (2), from Alstonia scholaris featuring unprecedented skeleton with two indole moieties bridged by a sugar, represented a novel bisindole type having strictosamide-glucopyranose-picraline scaffold. Both compounds exhibited selective cytotoxicity against human glioma stem cells (GSCs) and induced caspase-3 dependent extrinsic apoptosis by increasing the expression of interleukin 1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and the cleaved caspase-3, while damaged the unlimited proliferation and self-renewal capacity of GSCs. This finding might provide new type of leads for the selective killing of human glioma stem cells.     

Opposing effects of elevated CO2 and N deposition on Lymantria monacha larvae feeding on spruce trees

The effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ and increased wet N deposition on leaf quality and insect herbivory were evaluated in nine model ecosystems composed of 7-year-old spruce trees (Picea abies) and three understorey species established on natural forest soil. Each model ecosystem was grown in a simulated montane climate, and was exposed to one of three CO₂ concentrations (280, 420, and 560 μl l⁻¹), and to one of three levels of N deposition (0, 30, and 90 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) for 3 years. In the 3rd year of the experiment second to third instars of the nun moth (Lymantria monacha) were allowed to feed directly on current-year needles of top canopy branches of each tree for 12 days. Specific leaf area (SLA), water content, and N concentration decreased in needles exposed to elevated CO₂, whereas the concentrations of starch, condensed tannins, and total phenolics increased. Increased N deposition had no significant effect on SLA, and water content, but the concentrations of starch, condensed tannins, and total phenolics decreased, and sugar and N concentrations increased. Despite higher relative consumption rates (RCRs) larvae consumed 33% less N per unit larval biomass and per day at the two high CO₂ treatments, compared to those feeding on 280 μl l⁻¹-needles, but they maintained similar N accumulation rates due to increased N utilization efficiencies (NUE). However, over the 12-day experimental period larvae gained less N overall and reached a 35% lower biomass in the two high-CO₂ treatments compared to those at 280 μl l⁻¹. The effects of increased N deposition on needle quality and insect performance were generally opposite to those of CO₂ enrichment, but were lower in magnitude. We conclude that altered needle quality in response to elevated CO₂ will impair the growth and development of L. monacha larvae. Increasing N deposition may mitigate these effects, which could lead to altered insect herbivore distributions depending on regional patterns of N deposition. Received: 8 June 1998 / Accepted: 27 October 1998     

Agarofuran sesquiterpenes from Schaefferia argentinensis

Sixteen dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenes were isolated from the aerial parts of Schaefferia argentinensis Speg. Their structures were determined by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR and MS techniques. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of the major sesquiterpenes was examined in T47D, MCF7, and MDA-MB231 human cancer cell lines, but was found to be marginal.     

Factors influencing communities of foliar fungal endophytes in riparian woody plants

Riparian areas within a given arid region frequently contain broadly similar plant communities despite substantive geographic separation. Whether they also harbor similar communities of fungal symbionts, or feature assemblages unique to each riparian zone, is unknown. We examined fungal endophytes in foliage of woody angiosperms in six riparian areas in Arizona. Abundance and diversity differed among host species according to leaf longevity and phytochemistry, and among sites as a function of rainfall. Community composition varied among sites and host species. Comparison with regional data revealed that riparian areas harbor different subsets of the regional mycota rather than a consistent group of riparian taxa. Overall a high species- and phylogenetic richness of endophytes was recovered, especially among Mycosphaerella and affiliated anamorphs. Variation in endophyte communities across sites despite the relative consistency of plant communities underscores the importance of riparian zones both singly and in combination for harboring fungal biodiversity.     

Biological investigations on macro-morphological characteristics,polyphenolic acids,antioxidant activity of Perilla frutescens (L) Britt. grown under open field

Perilla frutescens, perilla is a functional food, spice and medicinal herb and ornamental plant in the family of Lamiaceae. Thus, macro-morphological characteristics, phenolic acids, antioxidants of twelve accessions of P. frutescens grown under open field were studied. High polymorphism was found among the perilla accessions and macroscopic features of perilla genotypes showed variable results. Perilla can be classified into two clearly phenotypes green and purple, within these two other colours were appeared. A good level of biomass production was recorded for JTD3, 203P, PS2, 203P respectively. Principal component analysis was performed to cluster phenolic acids. GB phenotype exhibited the major content of polyphenols, followed by JTD3 then J1. Regarding antioxidant capacity, JTD3 showed the highest value followed by 203P and GB respectively. The HPLC analysis showed that the most abundant phenolic acids were ellagic acid which is accumulated in a higher percentage in NP606, 588P and JTD3 cultivars respectively, followed by salicylic acid and gallic acid. This is the first report of cultivation of various Perilla varieties under open field environmental conditions, not only to increase productivity but also to improve the quality. Therefore, the present study results confirm the importance of the Perilla species for human consumption, therapeutic and ornamental purposes.     

Dihydrostilbene derivatives plus kinsenoside from the roots of the rare species Bipinnula fimbriata (Poepp.) I.M.Johnst.

The phytochemical study of the alcoholic extract obtained from Bipinnula fimbriata (Poepp.) I.M.Johnst., allowed to isolate three metabolites, corresponding to the butanolide kinsenoside (1) and to two dihydrostilbene derivatives, which have been assigned as 3-methoxy-5-{2-[3-methoxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-phenyl]ethyl}phenol (2) and 4-[2-(3-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)phenol, also named cannabistilbene I (3). The occurrence of these compounds is consistent with the current classification of the genus and allowed to point out some chemotaxonomic considerations.     

Phytochemical and chemotaxonomic studies on the stems and leaves of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill

A comprehensive phytochemical investigation of the stems and leaves of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. resulted in isolation of seventeen compounds, including five lignans: meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (1), licarin-A (2), pregomisin (3), gomisin A (4), acutissimanide (5), three phenylpropanoids: 2-[4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-propane-1,3-diol (6), 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl) phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (7), erigeside 2 (8), six sesquiterpenoids: 7′-hydroxy-abscisic acid (9), burmannic acid (10), (3S,5R,6R,7E)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (11), 3-Cyclohexene-1,2-diol, 4-(3-hydroxybutyl)- 3, 5, 5-trimethyl- (12), (−)-loliolide (13), (3Z,5R,8R,11R)-Caryophyll-3-ene-5,8,15-triol (14), one monoterpenoid: (6R,3Z)-6,7-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2-octenoic acid (15) and two other compounds: methyl shikimate (16), 4-Hydroxydodec-2-enedioic acid (17). Their chemical structures were confirmed through NMR, HRESIMS and comparison with the data in the literature. This is the first report of compounds 5, 6, 8–15, 17 from the family Schisandraceae and compounds 2, 16 from the genus Schisandra. Furthermore, we performed a chemotaxonomic study of the separated compounds.     

朱砂莲果实化学成分杀南方根结线虫活性研究

为了解朱砂莲(Aristolochia tuberosa O.F.Liang et S.M.Huang)的化学成分,从其果实的甲醇提取物中分离得到4个化合物。通过波普数据分析,分别鉴定为马兜铃内酰胺W(1)、8-epidiosbulbin e acetate(2)、diosbulbin B(3)和β-sitosterol(4)。化合物1~3对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫具有不同程度的毒杀作用,尤其马兜铃内酰胺W(1)活性最好,其96 h后的LC50为119.94μg m L–1。马兜铃属植物具有开发为新型植物源杀根结线虫剂的潜在价值。     

Furanocoumarins from Dorsteniafoetida

The linear furanocoumarins 5-(2,3-epoxy-3-methyl-butoxy)-chalepensin, 5-methoxy-3-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydroxybutyl)-psoralen-diacetate (7), 5-methoxy-3-[3-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-acetyloxy-3-methyl-butyl]-psoralen and 5-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydroxybutyloxy)-3-[3-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyl]-psoralen, and the coumarin derivative 7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-carboxymethyl-3-[3-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyl]-coumarin were isolated from the leaves of Dorstenia foetida (Moraceae) along with the known compounds psoralen, bergapten, isopimpinellin, phellopterin, 5-methoxychalepensin and turbinatocoumarin. Further furanocoumarins were characterized by ESI-MS/MS investigations. The nonpolar extracts of D. foetida exhibit antifungal, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity, however, no anthelminthic activity.