留学生医学微生物学教学的体会与改革

通过分析留学生及医学微生物学的特点,从教师的选择、教材的选取、运用现代教育技术、改革考试方法和加强实验教学等环节改进留学生医学微生物学的教学;采用启发式教学、归纳对比法教学、典型病案教学法和以问题为基础教学法(PBL)来提高授课质量等,探索医学微生物学留学生教学,为医学微生物学留学生教学改革提供一定的依据。     

WPBL教学法在“微生物学检验”教学中应用的探索

为了探讨WPBL教学法在"微生物学检验"教学中的应用效果,对本院2008级检验医学专业66名学生进行分组教学,实验组采用WPBL教学法,对照组采用传统教学法。课后对2组学生进行理论测试,同时对实验组进行问卷调查。经统计,实验组的测试成绩明显优于对照组(P0.01),且2组学生测试成绩的及格率差异有统计学意义(P0.05);问卷调查显示90%以上的学生对WPBL教学法感兴趣,认为WPBL教学法能提高学习兴趣、自学能力和分析解决问题的能力。从结果看,WPBL教学法能够提高"微生物学检验"教学质量。     

改革课程教学体系 加强实践和创新能力培养——水处理微生物学课程教学的改革探索

水处理微生物学是给水排水工程专业的一门重要的专业基础课。该课程的主要培养目标是学习和掌握微生物学基础知识和基本实验技能, 以及微生物在水处理领域的应用, 激发学生的学习兴趣, 培养学生独立思考和分析解决问题的能力, 发展学生的创新性思维和工程实践能力。根据自身的教学体会, 结合给水排水工程专业的学科特点和专业需要, 对水处理微生物学教学内容、教学方法和手段以及实验教学进行改革, 并取得良好效果。     

Influence of diets supplemented with vitamins C and E on pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) blood parameters

This study evaluated the influence of diets supplemented with 500, 800, 1200 mg kg^− 1 of vitamin C (ascorbic acid or AA) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol or α-T) on the physiological responses of pirarucu fed for 2 months. Weight and mortality were not affected by dietary vitamin type or their concentrations. Significant increase (p < 0.05) on the red blood cells count was obtained on treatments with 800 and 1200 mg AA kg^− 1 and on the hemoglobin concentration on treatment with 500 mg α-T kg^− 1 relatively to control. Mean corpuscular volume presented a significant decrease (p < 0.05) on treatment with 800 and 1200 mg AA kg⁻¹ when compared to control. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was significantly high (p < 0.05) on treatment with 500 mg α-T kg^− 1. Only in vitamin C treatments, we noticed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the number of leucocytes relative to control. All fish in the vitamin-supplemented treatments, except 500 mg AA kg^− 1, had high total protein values compared to control. Fish treated with 800 or 1200 mg α-T kg^− 1 also showed increases in plasma glucose concentrations. Our results suggest that 800 and 1200 mg AA kg^− 1 are probably the most suitable concentrations for pirarucu diets, although high vitamin E diets are not necessary for quantitative leucocyte increases for this species.     

NO-cGMP Signaling and Regenerative Medicine Involving Stem Cells

Nitric oxide (NO) is a short lived diatomic free radical species synthesized by nitric oxide synthases (NOS). The physiological roles of NO depend on its local concentrations as well as availability and the nature of downstream target molecules. At low nanomolar concentrations, activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is the major event initiated by NO. The resulting elevation in the intracellular cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels serves as signals for regulating diverse cellular and physiological processes. The participation of NO and cGMP in diverse physiological processes is made possible through cell type specific spatio-temporal regulation of NO and cGMP synthesis and signal diversity downstream of cGMP achieved through specific target selection. Thus cyclic GMP directly regulates the activities of its downstream effectors such as Protein Kinase G (PKG), Cyclic Nucleotide Gated channels (CNG) and Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, which in turn regulate the activities of a number of proteins that are involved in regulating diverse cellular and physiological processes. Localization and activity of the NO-cGMP signaling pathway components are regulated by G-protein coupled receptors, receptor and non receptor tyrosine kinases, phosphatases and other signaling molecules. NO also serves as a powerful paracrine factor. At micromolar concentrations, NO reacts with superoxide anion to form reactive peroxinitrite, thereby leading to the oxidation of important cellular proteins. Extensive research efforts over the past two decades have shown that NO is an important modulator of axon outgrowth and guidance, synaptic plasticity, neural precursor proliferation as well as neuronal survival. Excessive NO production as that evoked by inflammatory signals has been identified as one of the major causative reasons for the pathogenesis of a number of neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS, Alzheimers and Parkinson diseases. Regenerative therapies involving transplantation of embryonic stem cells (ES cells) and ES cell derived lineage committed neural precursor cells have recently shown promising results in animal models of Parkinson disease (PD). Recent studies from our laboratory have shown that a functional NO-cGMP signaling system is operative early during the differentiation of embryonic stem cells. The cell type specific, spatio-temporally regulated NO-cGMP signaling pathways are well suited for inductive signals to use them for important cell fate decision making and lineage commitment processes. We believe that manipulating the NO-cGMP signaling system will be an important tool for large scale generation of lineage committed precursor cells to be used for regenerative therapies. Special issue dedicated to John P. Blass.     

PBL教学法在发酵工程课程教学中的应用

根据发酵工程的课程特点,在课程教学中探索使用PBL教学方法。经过几年的教学实践,逐步形成了“一个问题串联一次课,一个作业串联整个课程”的PBL教学模式。结果显示,通过采用该模式,激发了学生的学习兴趣,提高了学生的自主学习能力、工程应用能力和创新意识,取得了良好的教学效果。     

以提高教学质量为目标开展“普通植物病理学”课程考试改革

为进一步提高教学质量,培养高素质人才,高校应加大课程考试改革的力度。本文针对“普通植物病理学”课程考试中存在的主要问题,结合课程教学的特点,坚持理论联系实际,积极探索了贯穿于课程教学全过程,能够促进学生提高能力和素质的多元化的综合考核模式。     

留学生全英文组织学教学实践与体会

留学生教育作为高等院校国际化程度的一个重要尺度,已经成为高等教育的重要任务之一。留学生教育质量的高低在留学生教育事业上有着举足轻重的地位。我们体会到,通过采取以下措施,可以提高留学生教学质量:加强师资队伍建设,提高授课教师专业素质;多种教学模式,提高学生学习兴趣;加强师生交流,提高学习热情。