Influence of ambient and enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on the plant growth and physiological properties in two contrasting populations of Hippophae rhamnoides

Two contrasting sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) populations from low and high altitude regions were employed to investigate the effects of prevailing and enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on plant growth and physiological properties under a UV-B-enhanced/exclusion system. The experimental design included three UV-B regimes, including excluded (-UVB), near-ambient (NA) and enhanced UV-B (+UVB) radiation. Compared with the control (-UVB), NA caused the formation of smaller but thicker plant leaves in both sea buckthorn populations, paralleled with significant increments of carotenoids and UV-absorbing compounds as well as improved water economy. NA also induced more biomass partition from shoot to root, but CO(2) assimilation rate (A), photosynthetic area and biomass accumulation were unaffected. The low-altitude population seemed sensitive to +UVB, as indicated by the decreases in total biomass, A and ascorbic acid content (Asa, an antioxidant) compared with NA. However, little +UVB effect occurred on the high-altitude population, and we suggest that the higher tolerance of this population could be associated with its specific morphological and physiological characteristics, such as small but thick leaves and high-level of Asa content, as well as its greater physiological modification in response to NA, e.g., increases in protective compounds (carotenoids and UV-absorbing compounds) and improvement in water economy, in comparison to the low-altitude population, which form an effective adaptation strategy to enhanced UV-B stress.     

辽东栎对大气CO2倍增的响应

 本文研究了CO2加浓对暖温带落叶阔叶混交林典型自然群落建群种辽东栎的影响,结果表明：在生理学方面,CO2倍增下气孔阻抗略增大,为对照的106％,蒸腾速率略下降,为对照的92％,暗呼吸速率与对照很接近,但略微下降为对照的98.9％。净光合速率、昼夜净光合量、水分利用效率都明显提高,分别为对照的155％,172％和179％。可以看出C02倍增对辽东栎的生理过程有促进作用,属正效应。其中以生长旺季6、7月增长更为明显。在生长方面,CO2倍增下生长各项指标增长也较明显,叶面积为对照的107％,叶干重为对照的140％,以植株高度增加最明显,为对照的331％,清楚的看出辽东栎的生长与生理过程的变化趋势是一致的、均属正效应。也就是说在其他环境资源满足植物要求时,CO2倍增对树木具有“施肥”作用,它可促进植物的生理过程和提高其生物生产力。     

中国淡水水体常见束丝藻种类的形态及生理特性研究

束丝藻(Aphanizomenon Morr. ex Born. et Flah)是我国水华蓝藻的重要种类, 由其产生的束丝藻水华已经引起了许多的环境问题。水华束丝藻、柔细束丝藻和依沙束丝藻是我国淡水水体常见的三种束丝藻种类,然而, 国内外对它们的生理学研究却相对较少。基此, 文章对水华束丝藻、柔细束丝藻和依沙束丝藻的形态特性、色素含量、生长及光合作用进行了比较研究, 结果表明丝状体的营养细胞、异形胞和厚壁孢子的长宽比具有一定的差异性, 揭示了厚壁孢子的长宽比可作为三种束丝藻分类的一个参数; 同时, 种间的差异性也体现在三种束丝藻的生理特性上, 相比水华束丝藻和依沙束丝藻, 柔细束丝藻的藻蓝素含量较高, 而叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素含量、最大光合作用(Pm)、表观光合作用效率(α)和最大电子传递速率(ETRmax)显著偏低。此外, 水华束丝藻和依沙束丝藻生理特性基本一致, 表明了形态不同的三种束丝藻在生理上可被分为两种类型, 暗示了依沙束丝藻可能具有像水华束丝藻一样形成水华的生理潜能且由于它的产毒性所以应该倍加关注       

圈养黑猩猩血液生理生化指标测定

正动物园作为综合保护、科普宣传与公众教育的重要场所,在濒危物种的迁地保护工作中发挥着十分重要的作用(Kleiman et al.,2010)。然而,不同的濒危物种在生理学及生活史方面存在很大差异;加之部分物种的生物学信息匮乏,使得动物园的饲养繁育和疾病防控工作面临重大挑战。在常规体检及疾病诊断时,血液参数值有助于对动物机体的临床检查与诊断,解读动物的生理、营养和病理状态(胡翊群,2004;Etim et al.,2014),是及时发现动物     

低温对氯化钠胁迫下蓝藻固氮活性的影响

低温加剧氯化钠对蓝藻固氮的抑制,营养液中氯化钠浓度增高时,抑制程度更甚.能源受限(暗处理和加抑制剂时的光合受抑,N_2和Ar的厌氧下呼吸代谢受阻)和氧下固氮酶受到伤害时,低温处理使氯化钠对蓝藻固氮的抑制进一步加剧.在能源和还原剂供应,合成固氨酶蛋白的物质基础(如CO_2和N_2的加合).光合作用正常进行的条件得到改善和保证,以及供应CO_2、外源蔗糖和氮氧加合时,低温加剧氯化钠对蓝藻固氮的抑制程度明显变小.     

我国哺乳动物生理生态学的一些进展和未来发展的建议

本文简要论述了我国哺乳动物生理生态学(主要是啮齿动物)的几个主要领域(方向)的研究进展,如
对环境的适应和瘦素的生理功能。根据国际发展动态,对未来一些可能的发展方向提出了建议。     

Physiological variation in metabolic phenotyping and functional genomic studies: use of orthogonal signal correction and PLS-DA

Metabolic phenotyping, or metabotyping, is increasingly being used as a probe in functional genomics studies. However, such profiling is subject to intrinsic physiological variation found in all animal populations. Using a nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomic approach, we show that diurnal variations in metabolism can obscure the interpretation of strain-related metabolic differences in two phenotypically normal mouse strains (C57BL10J and Alpk:ApfCD). To overcome this problem, diurnal-related metabolic variation was removed from these spectral data by application of orthogonal signal correction (OSC), a data filtering method. Interpretation of the removed orthogonal variation indicated that diurnal-related variation had been removed and that the AM samples contained higher levels of creatine, hippurate, trimethylamine, succinate, citrate and 2-oxo-glutarate and lower levels of taurine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, spermine and 3-hydroxy-iso-valerate relative to the PM samples. We propose OSC will have great potential removing confounding variation obscuring subtle changes in metabolism in functional genomic studies and will be of benefit to optimising interpretation of proteomic and genomic datasets.     

NaHSO3对水稻幼苗根系生长及生理活性影响的研究

于水稻幼苗期喷施１００ｍｇ／ＬＮａＨＳＯ３能促进水稻幼苗根系生长,提高根系活力与呼吸强度,此与ＮａＨＳＯ３增加稻苗叶绿素含量,提高光合速率,增加光合产物向根运输有关。     

低温对氯化钠胁迫下蓝藻固氮活性的影响

低温加剧氯化钠对蓝藻固氮的抑制,营养液中氯化钠浓度增高时,抑制程度更甚.能源受限(暗处理和加抑制剂时的光合受抑,N_2和Ar的厌氧下呼吸代谢受阻)和氧下固氮酶受到伤害时,低温处理使氯化钠对蓝藻固氮的抑制进一步加剧.在能源和还原剂供应,合成固氨酶蛋白的物质基础(如CO_2和N_2的加合).光合作用正常进行的条件得到改善和保证,以及供应CO_2、外源蔗糖和氮氧加合时,低温加剧氯化钠对蓝藻固氮的抑制程度明显变小.     

EDDS处理对硒胁迫下彩叶草根系FTIR—ATR、SEM—EDXS特征及生理特性的影响

为了解乙二胺二琥珀酸（EDDS）诱导植物耐受硒（Se）胁迫的生理机制, 以彩叶草（Coleus blumei）为材料,采用营养液培养的方法、借助傅里叶变换-衰减全反射红外光谱（FTIR-ATR）和扫描电子显微镜-X-射线能量色散谱（SEM-EDXS）分析方法及生理指标的变化,研究1.0 mg/L Se胁迫条件下添加0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.5、5.0 mmol/L EDDS 对彩叶草根系化学成分变化的影响。利用FTIR-ATR图谱分析发现,随着EDDS处理浓度的提高,彩叶草根系透射峰所对应峰形基本不变,而参与Se吸附的基团如羟基、酰胺基和指纹区等的透射峰发生了不同程度的位移。FTIR-ATR的特征峰与彩叶草根系响应Se胁迫的各生理指标变化趋势基本一致,且FTIR-ATR比传统的生理指标测定更敏感、便捷。SEM-EDXS扫描还发现随着EDDS处理浓度的升高,根系中K、Mg、Fe、Si 等元素的含量升高,而营养元素Ca含量降低。该研究结果可为深入了解EDDS处理下彩叶草对Se胁迫的响应机理提供科学依据。