Phenolic compounds in seedlings of Betula pubescens and B. pendula are affected by enhanced UVB radiation and different nitrogen regimens during early ontogeny

We studied the ability of tree seedlings to respond to two environmental factors, elevated ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and availability of nitrogen (N), at the beginning of their development. Seeds of two birch species, Betula pubescens Ehrh. (common white birch) and B. pendula Roth (silver birch), were germinated and the seedlings grown in an experimental field in eastern Finland. The experimental design consisted of a constant 50% increase in UVB radiation (including a slight increase in UVA), a UVA control (a slight increase in UVA) and a control. The seedlings were fertilized with three levels of N. The experiment lasted for 2 months; aboveground biomass was measured and the most mature leaf of each seedling was taken for the analyses of phenolics. Growth of the seedlings was not significantly affected by enhanced UVB, but was increased by increasing N. Elevated UVB induced significant changes in phenolic compounds. Quercetin glycosides were accumulated in the leaves of both species in response to UVB; this is considered to be a protective response. However, the direction of the responses of individual phenolics to different N regimens differed. In addition, concentration of soluble condensed tannins was lower at moderate N than that at lower levels of N in both species; on the contrary, in B. pubescens the concentration of insoluble condensed tannins was highest at moderate N. No significant interaction between UV and N was detected, and the responses of the two species were highly similar to UVB, while the responses to N regimens varied slightly more between species.     

毛竹花粉的形态及双受精过程研究

由于实验的材料、条件和技术的限制,关于竹类花粉形态、花粉管生长过程的研究十分少见。毛竹( Phyllostachys edulis)属于禾本科( Poaceae/Gramineae)竹亚科( Bambusoideae)植物,在我国广泛分布,具有重要的经济、生态和文化价值。由于其独特的生殖生物学特性,即开花周期长、结籽率低,所以对其开花材料的获取十分困难。该研究在其独特的开花特性基础上,结合野外实地观察,利用显微镜、环境扫描电镜、荧光显微镜等,对毛竹的花粉形态、结构以及花粉管的萌发与生长动态进行了首次报道。结果表明：(1)毛竹花粉近球形,平均直径为61.00μm,属于大型孢子。(2)毛竹成熟花粉落到雌蕊柱头上后,经过花粉与柱头的成功识别,开始萌发,并形成花粉管;随着花粉管的逐渐伸长生长,依次经过柱头和花柱,到达子房;约120 min后到达珠孔处,进入胚珠和胚囊,完成双受精作用。通过对毛竹花粉形态结构和花粉管生长至受精过程的动态观察,为毛竹花粉可授性、花粉生理、生化研究提供了实验技术准备。该研究结果完善和丰富了毛竹乃至整个禾本科植物在生殖生物学方面的研究内容。     

水竹（Phyllostachys heteroclada）人工林生物量结构的研究

 根据39块标准地上测定18808株立竹,47个竹鞭样方,38株不同年龄(1—6年)和不同径级样竹,用相对生长量法(allometric method)研究不同水竹人工林地上和地下部分生物量结构;用数理统计方法拟合出竹秆、竹叶、竹枝和竹鞭生物量与胸径的回归方程。地上部分生物总量随径级而增加,竹秆重量按径级分布分别为,1.5径级与林分总重量比为16%;2.0径级为30.5%;2.5径级为26.1%,3.0径级为16.0%。地上部分生物总量随龄级增加而降低,分别为：Ⅰ龄级为31.7%,Ⅱ龄级为22.0%,Ⅲ龄级为17.5%,Ⅳ龄级以上为28.0%。竹鞭中壮鞭占50—60%,竹鞭容积2.0—2.5%,地上部分总量与地下总量比为1.0—1.5,叶面积指数为4—6,每亩产量可达4000—7000斤时,称为高产林分。     

黔灵山云贵鹅耳枥群落乔木优势种群分布格局初探

云贵鹅耳枥(Carpinus pubescens)群落是贵州中亚热带喀斯特森林的主要类型之一。研究其种群分布格局,除具有种群生态学意义外,有利于进一步揭示群落的性质     

毛绞股蓝化学成分研究——Ⅰ.黄酮类化合物

本文首次从毛绞股蓝 Gynostemma pubescens(Gagnep.)C.Y,Wu 的茎叶中分得四种黄酮类成分,经理化方法和光谱数据鉴定为:异鼠李素(isorhamnetin),檞皮素(quercetin),异鼠李素-3-0-芸香糖甙(isorhamnetin-3-0-rutinoside)和芦丁(rutin)。     

毛竹向杉木林扩展对土壤养分含量及计量比的影响

该研究以毛竹(Phyllostachys edulis) 杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)林扩展界面为研究对象,通过对比分析不同扩展阶段土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(N)、全磷(P)、碱解氮(H N)、有效磷(A P)含量及其相关性,揭示毛竹扩展对土壤养分以及化学计量特征的影响,为毛竹林合理调控与生态经营提供依据。结果表明：(1)毛竹向杉木扩展过程中,随着毛竹所占比例的增加,土壤SOC含量呈先升高后降低的趋势,且随土层的加深SOC的变异系数逐渐增加;N含量呈先升高后下降的变化趋势,且扩展后期大于扩展前期;P、H N和A P含量随着毛竹的扩展呈升 降 升 降的波浪型变化趋势,扩展后期P与A P的含量低于扩展前期,且H N含量大于扩展前期。(2)毛竹向杉木扩展过程中,C∶N随着毛竹的扩展呈上升趋势,且不同扩展阶段的差异达到了显著水平; N∶P随着毛竹的扩展呈上升的趋势,其中0~20 cm土层各扩展阶段间的差异达到显著水平;H N∶A P随着毛竹的扩展呈先上升后降低的趋势,不同扩展阶段的差异达到了显著水平,且扩展后期小于扩展前期。(3)C、N、P与C∶N、N∶P、H N∶A P存在显著的相关性,其中C、N与H N∶A P,以及P与N∶P、H N∶A P均呈显著负相关关系。研究表明,随着毛竹向杉木林的扩展,立地土壤养分状况发生了规律性变化,N、P元素更加缺乏,建议及时补充N、P元素,促进群落健康稳定发展。     

刚竹叶提取物对斜纹夜蛾酚氧化酶抑制作用研究

采用酶标仪法测定了刚竹叶提取物对斜纹夜蛾酚氧化酶(PO)活性的影响。结果表明:6种不同溶剂(极性大小:去离子水乙醇丙酮乙酸乙酯氯仿石油醚)获得的竹叶提取物均对PO表现为抑制作用(三氯甲烷提取物在0-300 mg/L范围内,对PO表现为激活作用),且随提取物浓度的升高,抑制作用有逐渐增强的趋势。丙酮提取物对PO的抑制效果最显著(IC50为550 mg/L),其次为乙酸乙酯提取物和乙醇提取物(IC50分别为575 mg/L和700 mg/L);丙酮提取物对斜纹夜蛾酚氧化酶的抑制效果属于可逆过程,抑制类型为非竞争性抑制,抑制常数Ki为158.2 mg/L。