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711.
《MABS-AUSTIN》2013,5(3):622-627
A mono-specific antibody may recruit a second antigen binding specificity, thus converting to a dual-specific Two-in-One antibody through mutation at the light chain complementarity-determining regions (CDRs). It is, however, unknown whether mutation at the heavy chain CDRs may evolve such dual specificity. Herein, we examined the CDRs of a humanized interleukin 4 (IL4) antibody using alanine scanning and structural modeling, designed libraries of mutants in regions that tolerate mutation, and isolated dual specific antibodies harboring mutation at the heavy chain CDRs only. We then affinity improved an IL4/IL5 dual specific antibody to variants with dissociation constants in the low nanomolar range for both antigens. The results demonstrate the full capacity of antibodies to evolve dual binding specificity. 相似文献
712.
G. Wingsle 《Physiologia plantarum》1989,76(1):24-30
Changes in the excitability of the liverwort Conocephalum conicum L. caused by inhibitors of ionic channels and phosphorylation uncouplers, were examined. Action potentials were triggered by electrical and light stimuli. Tetraethylammonium chloride, an inhibitor of K+ channels, completely blocked the ability to generate action potentials. Excitability also disappeared under the influence of MnCl2 and LaCl3 , inhibitors of Ca2+ channels. The participation of Ca2+ and K+ in the electrogenesis of action potentials in C. conicum is discussed. Treatment with phosphorylation uncouplers induced a gradual disappearance of the metabolic component of the resting potential. It was accompanied by some series of excitations, numbering from several to over a dozen impulses characterized by decreasing amplitudes, after which the organism became totally unexcitable. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide an inhibitor of H+ -ATPase, also caused depolarization of the transmembrane potential and disappearance of excitability. The results indicated the participation of a metabolic component in the generation of action potentials in C. conicum . 相似文献
713.
H. Satoh 《Amino acids》1995,9(3):235-246
Summary Effects of taurine on the delayed rectifier K+ channel in isolated 10-day-old embryonic chick ventricular cardiomyocytes were examined at different intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca]i), using whole-cell voltage and current clamp techniques. Experiments were performed at room temperature (22°C). Test pulses were applied between -20 to +90m V from a holding potential of -40mV. When [Ca]i was pCa 7, addition of 10 and 20 mM taurine to the bath solution reduced the delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) at +90mV by 17.4 ± 2.8% (n = 5, P < 0.01) and 25.5 ± 2.6% (n = 5, P < 0.001), respectively. In contrast, when [Ca]i was pCa 10, IK at +90 mV was enhanced by 19.1 ± 3.1% (n = 7, P < 0.01) at 10mM taurine, and by 29.3 ± 2.4% (n = 7, P < 0.001) at 20mM taurine. The voltage of half-maximum activation (V1/2) was shifted in a hyperpolarizing direction; at pCa 7, the value was +0.2 ± 2.2mV (n = 5) in control and -10.6 ± 1.8mV (n = 5) in 20mM taurine. At pCa 10, the V1/2 value was +18.5 ± 4.6mV (n = 5) in control and +6.6 ± 5.2mV (n = 5) in taurine (20mM). Taurine decreased the action potential duration (APD) at pCa 10, but at pCa 7 did not affect it. In addition, taurine enhanced the transient outward current in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that taurine modulates the delayed rectifier K+ channel, an effect dependent on [Ca]i and capable of regulating APD. 相似文献