The efficacy and safety of an oil-based vaccine against Photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida in yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata): a field study

Protection after intraperitoneal (i.p.) vaccination of yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) against pasteurellosis was studied in a field trial. Yellowtail juveniles captured from the wild or artificially hatched were immunised with an oil-based vaccine against Photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida, and the fish were observed for 15 weeks after vaccination. Outbreak of pasteurellosis was observed at all five sites (mortality in control group ranged from 7% to 77%), and significant (p<0.01) protection against pasteurellosis relative to non-vaccinated control groups was observed at all sites. The vaccinated fish showed an increased level of agglutinating antibodies against Ph. damsela subsp. piscicida with a peak around 3-4 weeks post vaccination, increased phagocytic activity and increased production of superoxide anions in isolated leucocytes compared to controls, both assessed at 36 and 66 days post vaccination. Transient reduction in fish weight was observed in vaccinated groups until 10 weeks after vaccination; however at 15 weeks, the weight of the vaccinated group was significantly higher than that of the control group. This coincided with the development of side-effect scores at the injection site that had started to wane by 10 weeks, and the downward trend continued up to the last collection time (41 weeks), although with some variation between sites. The study shows that the tested vaccine protects against pasteurellosis in yellowtail under field conditions and that it is safe for use in the target species.     

不同产地南方红豆杉枝叶的紫杉醇含量及其指纹图谱的比较分析

采用HPLC法对来源于6个产地(陕西周至和汉中;甘肃天水;安徽胡乐、聂家山和仙寓山)的12份野生南方红豆杉[ Taxus chinensis var.mairei( Lemée et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu]枝叶中的紫杉醇含量进行了比较分析,并对不同产地南方红豆杉指纹图谱的相似度进行了比较和特征指纹图谱的构建.结果表明:不同产地南方红豆杉枝叶中紫杉醇的含量有明显差异,来源于陕西和甘肃的枝叶样品中紫杉醇含量明显高于来源于安徽的样品,以产自陕西周至的枝叶样品中紫杉醇含量最高(0.019 3 mg·g-1).各样品的指纹图谱均有12个共有峰,其中9号共有峰的保留时间(32.75 min)与紫杉醇标准品一致,被确定为南方红豆杉指纹图谱的参照峰(s).各共有峰相对保留时间的RSD值均低于1％,但相对峰面积的RSD值均高于40％,说明各样品共有峰的保留时间稳定,但相对含量差异较大.除来源于安徽聂家山的2个样品外,其他样品的相似度值均在0.8以上,说明各样品间指纹图谱的相似度较高.根据12个样品的指纹图谱建立了南方红豆杉枝叶的特征指纹图谱,可用于南方红豆杉的鉴定及质量控制.由测定结果推测:不同产地南方红豆杉枝叶中紫杉醇含量的差异可能与生长环境的差异有关.     

棉田玉米螟的田间发生为害观察

灯下所诱玉米螟Ostriniafurnacalis（Güenée）雌蛾,二、三代分别为76．05％及59．91％,蛾峰后4～5天出现卵峰。主茎叶及棉株下部的卵量随产卵时间的推移,逐渐递减,而趋向棉株上部及外围。二代卵以下部2～3层为多,三代卵以2～4层果枝为多,内围多于外围;93％以上的卵产于绿叶反面;棉田卵寄生的高低与施药有关,且明显低于玉米田;二代5～10层蛀茎占总数的84．44％,三代4～8层蛀铃占59．79％。卵密度不同,蛀铃分布也不同。     

艾蒿提取物对菜青虫的生物活性

采用微波辅助提取、溶剂浸提 ,以正己烷、乙醇、正己烷 +乙醇 (体积比 1∶1 )为溶剂从艾蒿ArtemisiaargyiL啨ｖｌ.etVant茎叶得到了提取物。另外 ,还用水蒸气蒸馏法获得了精油。生物活性试验表明 ,它们对菜青虫PierisrapaeL .具有较强的拒食活性和一定的触杀活性。其中 ,正己烷为溶剂的微波辅助提取物的拒食活性和触杀活性最强。     

Association of AGTR1 (A1166C) and ACE (I/D) Polymorphisms with Breast Cancer Risk in North Indian Population

Renin angiotensin system (RAS) comprising Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), Angiotensin II (Ang II) and its receptor Angiotensin II receptor type I (AGTR1), plays a critical role in several diseases including cancer. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) A1166C located in 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of AGTR1 and an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism present in intron 16 of ACE gene have been associated with many diseases, but their association with Breast cancer (BCa) is still debatable. Here, we for the first time investigated the association of these polymorphisms in a North Indian BCa cohort including 161 patients and 152 healthy women. The polymorphisms were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) respectively. The association between these polymorphisms and BCa risk was estimated by calculating Odds Ratio (OR) and chi-square (χ²) test. The DD genotype/D allele of ACE (I/D) polymorphism and “AC and CC” genotype/C allele of AGTR1 (A1166C) polymorphism were associated with higher risk of BCa when evaluated independently. Furthermore, interaction analysis of “AC and CC” and DD genotype and combination of “C and D” alleles of both polymorphisms revealed significantly greater BCa risk than that observed independently. Conclusively, women harboring “AC or CC” genotype/C allele for AGTR1 (A1166C) polymorphism and DD genotype/D allele for ACE (I/D) polymorphisms have a predisposition to develop more aggressive disease with advanced staging and larger tumor size. Our study indicates importance of genetic screening based on these polymorphisms for women, who may have higher risk of BCa.     

CO2浓度升高对沉水植物菹草叶表型及生理生化特征的影响

 对菹草 (Potamogeton crispus) 叶在高CO2 (1 000±50 μmol·mol-1)和对照浓度(约380 μmol·mol-1)下的表型及一些生理生化指标进行了比较研究。结果表明：CO2浓度升高明显地改变了菹草叶的表型特征,外形更为粗短,叶宽、单叶面积、单株总叶面积、叶面积率、叶重比明显增加,但特殊叶面积和叶长增加不明显。线性回归分析表明单株总叶面积和植株大小密切相关。异速生长分析表明叶面积的变化不是可塑性反应,而是受植株大小所制约。此外,CO2浓度升高后植物的色素含量和一些化学物质含量明显改变。叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素及类胡萝卜素含量减少,且叶绿素a/b也降低;可溶性糖含量增加,而蛋白质、N和P浓度降低。     

Synthesis and cytological characterization of trigeneric hybrids involving durum wheat,Thinopyrum bessarabicum,and Lophopyrum elongatum

Summary In an attempt to transfer genes for salt tolerance and other desirable traits from the diploid wheatgrasses, Thinopyrum bessarabicum (2n=2x=14; JJ genome) and Lophopyrum elongatum (2n=2x=14; EE genome), into durum wheat cv Langdon (2n=4x=28; AABB genomes), trigeneric hybrids with the genomic constitution ABJE were synthesized and cytologically characterized. C-banding analysis of somatic chromosomes of the A, B, J, and E genomes in the same cellular environment revealed distinct banding patterns; each of the 28 chromosomes could be identified. They differed in the total amount of constitutive heterochromatin. Total surface area and C-banded area of each chromosome were calculated. The B genome was the largest in size, followed by the J, A, and E genomes, and its chromosomes were also the most heavily banded. Only 25.8% of the total chromosome complement in 10 ABJE hybrids showed association, with mean arm-pairing frequency (c) values from 0.123 to 0.180 and chiasma frequencies from 3.36 to 5.02 per cell. The overall mean pairing was 0.004 ring IV + 0.046 chain IV + 0.236 III + 0.21 ring II + 2.95 rod II + 20.771. This is total pairing between chromosomes of different genomes, possibly between A and B, A and J, A and E, B and J, B and E, and J and E, in the presence of apparently functional pairing regulator Ph1. Because chromosome pairing in the presence of Ph1 seldom occurs between A and B, or between J and E, it was inferred that pairing between the wheat chromosomes and alien chromosomes occurred. The trigeneric hybrids with two genomes of wheat and one each of Thinopyrum and Lophopyrum should be useful in the production of cytogenetic stocks to facilitate the transfer of alien genes into wheat.     

Human Genetics and Politics as Mutually Beneficial Resources: The Case of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics During the Third Reich

This essay analyzes one of Germany’s former premier research institutions for biomedical research, the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics (KWIA) as a test case for the way in which politics and human heredity served as resources for each other during the Third Reich. Examining the KWIA from this perspective brings us a step closer to answering the questions at the heart of most recent scholarship concerning the biomedical community under the swastika: (1) How do we explain why the vast majority of German human geneticists and eugenicists were willing to work for the National Socialist state and, at the very least, legitimized its exterminationist racial policy; and (2) what accounts for at least some of Germany’s most renowned medically trained professionals’ involvement in forms of morally compromised science that wholly transcend the bounds of normal scientific practice? Although a complete answer to this question must await an examination of other German biological research centers, the present study suggests that during the Nazi period the symbiotic relationship between human genetics and politics served to radicalize both. The dynamic between the science of human heredity and Nazi politics changed the research practice of some of the biomedical sciences housed at the KWIA. It also simultaneously made it easier for the Nazi state to carry out its barbaric racial program leading, finally, to the extermination of millions of so-called racial undesirables.     

Postoperative Adjuvant Sorafenib or Sunitinib for Nonmetastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma with Venous Tumor Thrombus: a Prospective Cohort Study

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of antiangiogenic agents (sorafenib and sunitinib) as postoperative adjuvant therapy in patients with nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and venous tumor thrombus (VTT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: From March 2006 to January 2016, 147 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled; 27 patients received sorafenib, and 17 patients received sunitinib. After radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy, the duration of maintenance targeted medication treatment was approximately 1 year. The primary objective was to compare disease-free survival (DFS) between each experimental group and control. Secondary end points included overall survival (OS) and toxic effects. RESULTS: The three groups were well balanced in terms of age, body mass index, gender, performance status, medical history, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, surgical approach, and tumor side and size. However, more patients receiving adjuvant therapy had inferior vena cava tumor thrombus. DFS and OS did not differ significantly between groups (P = .459 and .871, respectively). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, results of multivariate analysis proved that postoperative adjuvant therapy was not an independent factor for predicting DFS and OS (P > .05 for both). The subgroup analyses for inferior vena cava tumor thrombus found similar results. The common adverse events were hand-foot syndrome, diarrhea, fatigue, and neutropenia. The adverse effects were mild in both groups, and the incidence was not significantly different between sorafenib and sunitinib. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant treatment postoperatively with sorafenib or sunitinib showed no survival benefit relative to control for patients with nonmetastatic RCC and VTT in a prospective cohort study.     

一个柱穗山羊草（Aegilops cylindrica）系统中的类Ph1基因

第一次在一个Ａｅ．ｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｉｃａ系统中发现了Ｐｈ１－ｌｉｋｅ基因,但它的作用略小于Ｐｈ１。同时证明了Ａｅ,ｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｉｃａ在控制染色体配对基因方面存在多态现象。ｐｈ１ｂ基因可以诱导普通小麦与Ａｅ．ｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｉｃａ间的部分同源染色体配对,同时用普通小麦对（中国春ｐｈ１ｂ突变体×Ａｅ．ｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｉｃａ）Ｆ_１回交获得了成功。表明利用ｐｈ１ｂ基因通过诱导部分同源染色体配对可以把Ａｅ．ｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｉｃａ中的有益基因导入到普通小麦中。