竹亚科刚竹属植物的修订(Ⅲ)

作为对刚竹属 (Phyllostachys Sieb.et Zucc.)一些类群加以评注的第三部分 ,讨论了金竹 (Ph.sul-phurea(Carr.) A.et C.Riv.)在中国的分布 ,明确了它的具体产地 ,确认了它在华东皖浙赣毗邻地区仍然存在着一定数量的野生居群 ;同时还对本种种下变异类型重新作了分类学处理 ,承认其下包括 1变种 3变型 ,作出 1个新组合 ,归并了 2个不可靠的变型的拉丁学名和 5个命名上多余的拉丁学名。     

phKL基因诱导小麦远缘杂种部分同源染色体配对的能力界于Ph1和Ph2基因突变体之间

在普通小麦地方品种自然群体中天然存在促进小麦-外源杂种部分同源染色体配对的基因phKL。本研究比较了phKL基因与人工Ph基因突变系诱导小麦-Aegilops variabilis及小麦-黑麦杂种部分同源染色体配对的作用大小。研究结果表明,诱导小麦- Ae. variabilis(或黑麦)部分同源染色体配对作用的顺序是ph1b > phKL > ph2b > ph2a,即phKL基因的作用介于Ph1与Ph2突变体之间。     

拟衣藻系统分类新证据

拟衣藻 (Chloromonas)与衣藻属 (Chlamydomonas)的亲缘关系及分类学位置在藻类学界一直没有定论。其重要原因是单细胞鞭毛类是否具有蛋白核这一特征在系统分类学上具有重要意义 ,而光镜形态与色素体上具 1到多个蛋白核的衣藻极其相似的拟衣藻 ,其不具蛋白核这一特征的稳定性受到许多学者的怀疑。本文观察并报道了中华拟衣藻 (ChloromonasSinica)的超微结构 ,通过对拟衣藻与衣藻超微结构的探究和比对 ,发现除了从孢子时期开始的整个生活史中 ,中华拟衣藻都不具蛋白核外 ,无论显微还是超微结构 ,拟衣藻与衣藻都显示出高度的相似性。从而提出在尚未获得更多资料之前 ,将拟衣藻从衣藻属分离出来成为独立的属较为合适     

贵州鼠尾草化学成分的研究

从贵州鼠尾草95%乙醇提取物分离得到8个化合物,通过理化性质及波谱方法分别鉴定为正三十三烷(1),十二烷酸十四烷酯(2),β-谷甾醇(3),胡萝卜苷(4),乌苏酸(5),2 a,3β-二羟基乌苏酸(6),白桦酸(7)和迷迭香酸(8)。以上化合物均首次从该植物中分离得到。     

The effect of inorganic phosphate on sodium fluxes in dog red blood cells

The effect of extracellular inorganic phosphate on Na⁺ movements in dog red blood cells has been studied. As the phosphate concentration is increased from 0 to 30 mM, Na⁺ efflux increases by 2- to 3-fold and Na⁺ influx increases approximately 2-fold. This enhancement of Na⁺ fluxes by phosphate can be prevented by the addition of iodoacetate (1 mM), an inhibitor of glycolysis, or 4-acetamido-4′-iso-thiocyantostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (0.01 mM), which blocks anion transport, to the medium. The increases in Na⁺ movements are not caused by changes in cell volumes. These results suggest that phosphate must enter the cell to enhance Na⁺ fluxes and that the mechanism of action may be via a stimulatory effect on glycolysis.     

Cholecystokinin receptor mediated hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids in guinea pig gastric glands

CCK-octapeptide (CCK-8) (EC50 = 0.5 nM), in the presence of Li+, increased 3H-inositol phosphate (IP) accumulation in guinea pig gastric glands prelabeled with 3H-inositol. CCK-8 desulfate, human gastrin I and pentagastrin were much less potent than CCK-8. Antagonists of CCK receptors such as proglumide, dibutyryl-c-GMP and CBZ-Tyr (SO3H)-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-AspNH2 shifted the CCK dose response curve to the right. However, histamine (H1 and H2), cholinergic, substance P and alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists had no effect on 3H-IP accumulation induced by CCK. The results suggest that CCK receptor activation in gastric glands leads to an enhanced breakdown of inositol phospholipids which may relate to calcium mobilization and pepsinogen secretion.     

Statistics for disinterested scientists.

This paper presents a brief introduction to some basic statistical tools and techniques with examples applied to biological data. Perhaps after becoming more familiar with statistics and more appreciative of their power in extracting information from data the previously fearful and skeptical researcher may be more inclined to make them an integral part of his research technique and also include them in his publications. For problems of greater difficulty, consultation at the early stages, preferably before undertaking the project, with a good biostatistician is suggested.     

Are rice chromosomes components of a holocentric chromosome ancestor?

Comparative genomics reveals that cereal genomes are composed of similar genomic building blocks (linkage blocks). By stacking these blocks in a unique order, it is possible to construct a single ancestral chromosome which can be cleaved to give the basic structure of the 56 different chromosomes found in wheat, rice, maize, sorghum, millet and sugarcane. The borders of linkage blocks are defined by cereal centromeric and telomeric sites. However, a number of studies have shown that telomeric heterochromatin has neocentromeric activity, implying that linkage blocks are in fact defined by centromeric-like sites with conserved sequences. The structure of the ancestral cereal genome thus resembles a holocentric chromosome, which is the chromosome structure shared by the closest relatives of the Gramineae, the Cypericeae and Juncaceae.     

Dihydroorotate-dependent superoxide production in rat brain and liver. A function of the primary dehydrogenase.

Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase in rat brain mitochondria is capable of producing superoxide. The presence of a superoxide dismutase activity in brain mitochondria, similar to that found in mitochondria from chicken liver, suggests that production of superoxide may occur in vivo. Formation of superoxide is not dependent upon reduction of cytochrome b, rather, superoxide production is competitive with cytochrome b reduction. Phenazine methosulfate apparently competes with both oxygen (superoxide production) and cytochrome b as an electron carrier but does not enhance reduction of dichlorophenolindophenol or cytochrome c.