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91.
Our goal was to determine whether chlorpyrifos oxon, dichlorvos, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), and sarin covalently bind to human albumin. Human albumin or plasma was treated with organophosphorus (OP) agent at alkaline pH, digested with pepsin at pH 2.3, and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Two singly charged peaks m/z 1718 and 1831, corresponding to the unlabeled peptide fragments containing the active site Tyr411 residue, were detected in all samples. The sequences of the two peptides were VRYTKKVPQVSTPTL and LVRYTKKVPQVSTPTL. The peptide-OP adducts of these peptides were also found. They had masses of 1854 and 1967 for chlorpyrifos oxon, 1825 and 1938 for dichlorvos, 1881 and 1994 for DFP, and 1838 and 1938 for sarin; these masses fit a mechanism whereby OP bound covalently to Tyr411. The binding of DFP to Tyr411 of human albumin was confirmed by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and analysis of product ions. None of the OP-albumin adducts lost an alkoxy group, leading to the conclusion that aging did not occur. Our results show that OP pesticides and nerve agents bind covalently to human albumin at Tyr411. The presence of Tyr411 on an exposed surface of albumin suggests that an antibody response could be generated against OP-albumin adducts. 相似文献
92.
Hubert J Stejskal V Munzbergova Z Hajslova J Arthur FH 《Experimental & applied acarology》2007,42(4):283-290
Stored product mites can often infest stored products, but currently there is little information regarding the efficacy of
pesticides that can be used for control. In this study we evaluated several common pesticides formulated from single active
ingredients (a.i.) or commercially available mixtures (chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, and a combination of deltamethrin
and S-bioallethrin), plus an acaricide composed of permethrin, pyriproxyfen and benzyl benzolate, for efficacy against Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, and Aleuroglyphus ovatus. The pesticides were incorporated into the mite diets in a dose range of 10–1000 μg a.i. g−1 diet. Concentrations for suppression of 50 and 90% population growth and eradication (rC0) of mites were fit to linear regression models. None of the tested pesticides gave complete eradication of A. siro, which was the most tolerant of the three mite species tested. The most effective pesticide Allergoff 175 CS was a combination
product (a nano-capsule suspension of permethrin, pyriproxyfen and benzyl benzolate) labeled for dust mites, with rC0 range of 463–2453 μg a.i. (permethrin) g−1 diet depending on the species. Least effective were chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin. 相似文献
93.
单克隆抗体已广泛应用于农业、医学及其他生物领域中。本文阐述了农药单克隆抗体的制备、介绍了农药单克隆抗体种类,总结了农药残留常用的免疫分析方法,并就农药单克隆抗体在农兽药快速检测中的应用前景进行了展望。 相似文献
94.
Agriculture can contribute to water quality deterioration through the release of sediments, pesticides, animal manure, fertilisers and other sources of inorganic and organic matter. Nonpoint pollution control activities in rural areas of Poland are insufficient to meet the demands of the recovering agricultural production. There is still a need for agricultural runoff monitoring programs for identification, quantification and control of nonpoint sources. Special efforts are required to familiarise farmers with environmental friendly agricultural production technologies and ‘good agricultural practices’. This paper describes typical nonpoint sources from Polish agriculture. It presents all these activities and achievement in nonpoint pollution control after 1989, when systemic changes began and environmental problems became more visible. 相似文献
95.
96.
Franca M. Buratti Emanuela Testai 《Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology》2006,19(6):406-414
The organophosphorothioate (OPT) pesticide malathion (MAL) in mammals is readily hydrolyzed by mammalian carboxylesterases (CE). The reaction competes with the CYP‐catalyzed formation of malaoxon (MOX), the toxic metabolite. Alterations or individual variations in CE activity may result in increased MOX formation, enhancing MAL toxicity. We have characterized the human hepatic CE activity in a panel of 18 human liver microsomes as well as the inhibitory effect of IsoMAL, a major impurity of MAL commercial formulations, parathion (PAR), chlorpyrifos (CPF), and chlorpyrifos‐oxon (CPFO). CE activity showed a low level of variation among individuals (4‐fold). The reaction consists of two different phases, differing in their affinity for MAL (Km1 = 0.25–0.69 μM; Km2 = 10.3–26.8 μM). The relatively low Km1 values confirmed that human CE efficiently detoxify MAL. IsoMAL was shown to be a potent noncompetitive inhibitor of MAL detoxification (Ki = 0.6 μM), with a higher inhibitory potency than CPF and PAR (Ki = 7.5 μM and 50 μM, respectively). These two latter compounds very likely act as mixed inhibitors. CPFO showed the highest inhibitory potency toward CE‐mediated detoxification, being characterized by a Ki = 22 nM. The present results provide useful information for a better understanding of possible interactions between different OPTs and for assessing the potential cumulative risk for exposure to OPT mixtures. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 19:406–414, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20106 相似文献
97.
Summary Thein vitro effects of twelve commonly used pesticides, including the fungicides Cuman-L (Ziram) and Hinosan (Ediphenphos), the acaricides Nuvacron (Monocrotophos), Ekatin 25EC (Thiometon) and Ekalux-G5 (Quinalphos) and other insecticides namely Dimecron (Phosphamidon), Anthio 25EC (Formothion), Baytex (Fenthion), Metasystox (Methyl demeton) and Phosalone (Zolone), on the nitrogen fixing bacteria isolated from the phyllosphere of some crop plants were tested. A very wide variation of the effect of these pesticides on the different organisms was noted. At a concentration of 700 g/ml in the medium, most of the pesticides completely inhibited growth of the nitrogen fixing bacterial isolates. However, with some pesticides, when used at a lower concentration, a degree of growth stimulation was recorded. 相似文献
98.
99.
Summary Different strains of rhizobia (isolated fromLotus corniculatus andVigna unguiculata) andRhizobium meliloti adapt to sevin (50 g/ml). The number of transfers (20–31) and days of incubation (80–130) during which different strains of rhizobia develop resistance varied. The results of reversion of resistance to sevin, experiments showed that the resistance developed was stable. Rate of growth was faster in resistant strains but their final cell numbers were less than those of sensitive strains. Dehydrogenase activity increased with the development of resistance to sevin, except in strain D-467. With the development of resistance to sevin, total lipids and phospholipids decreased, glycolipids increased and neutral lipids varied. Presence of glycerol, sodium oleate and sodium acetate (known to stimulate lipid production) and flavin mononucleotide and wheat germ lipases (known to decrease lipid production) in the culture medium did not change the growth pattern and lipids of the sevin resistant and sensitive strains of rhizobia. 相似文献
100.
Li Hua Jin Kyuhyuk Kwun Jung-heon Lee 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2008,24(9):1657-1662
A fed-batch fermentation process for the production of organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) (EC 3.1.8.1) by E. coli pET812 was developed in this research. With batch fermentation, the maximum OPH concentrations attained by batch fermentation
were as low as 4 × 105 U/l because cell growth and OPH production were inhibited by a high initial concentration of glucose. To develop a fed-batch
fermentation process for obtaining higher concentrations of OPH, highly concentrated glucose solution (500 g/l) was added
intermittently or continuously to increase the carbon source concentration. Eventually, 3.2 × 106 U/l of OPH was produced with fed-batch fermentation in 24 h. This was eight times higher than the yield with conventional
batch fermentation. A total concentration of 399–441 mg of OPH was produced/l, which was four times higher than that reported
when using E. coli. Nearly half (44%) of the produced OPH was secreted into the culture solution. 相似文献