中医药外治法在腰椎管狭窄症中的应用

腰椎管狭窄症是由于腰椎的骨与软组织因某种原因而发生形态与组织结构方面的变化,造成椎管容积变小,导致脊神经根受到机械性压迫而出现特有的临床症状的一种疾病。本文拟通过对近年来腰椎管狭窄症的研究文献的分析、总结,从针刺、推拿、注射、牵引等对腰椎管狭窄症的中医药外治现状进行总结,旨在指导临床治疗。     

Mental health literacy towards depression among non-medical students at a Malaysian university

Background The aim of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge and perception of depression among students of University Sains Malaysia (USM), in Penang, Peninsular Malaysia.Method Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a pre-validated 21-item questionnaire among students at USM.Results A total of 500 respondents participated in the survey comprising 24.6% (n=123) males and 75.4% (n=377) females. Half (50.0%, n=250) were Malays, followed by Chinese (44.0%, n=220) and Indians (6.0%, n=30). Whilst exploring the respondents' knowledge of the symptoms of depression, it was found that Chinese females had a comparatively better knowledge (P=0.058) of the symptoms of depression in comparison with Malays and Indians. Overall, social issues were attributed as the possible cause of depression. A cursory knowledge level was observed regarding medication for depression. Female students were more inclined towards the use of alternative and traditional medicines. However, with regard to seeking professional help, consultation with a psychiatrist was preferred by the majority.Conclusion Overall, a moderate level of knowledge about the symptoms of depression and a cursory knowledge of its therapy were observed. Those with personal experience of depression had better knowledge of the symptoms and therapy. Alternative treatments and traditional medicines were also favoured. There is a risk that this may affect the ability of Malaysian youths to seek evidence-based mental health care.     

牛蒡群落分布、物种组成与生态环境因子的关系

综合运用相关分析、CCA排序和TWINSPAN分类方法,研究了牛蒡群落分布、物种组成和生态环境因子之间的关系。结果表明:牛蒡群落中牛蒡重要值与各生态环境因子之间没有显著的相关性,证明牛蒡是广布种;牛蒡群落中,除牛蒡外的其他伴生物种的分布与空气相对湿度、年降水量、年均温、海拔高度呈正相关,与土壤有机质含量、日照时数呈负相关;根据牛蒡群落的分类和排序,划分出牛蒡的4大主产区:东北、西北、西南和东南沿海产区,与药典记载的牛蒡的主产区基本一致。     

Therapeutic potential of the immunomodulatory activities of adult mesenchymal stem cells

Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) include a select population of resident cells within adult tissues, which retain the ability to differentiate along several tissue‐specific lineages under defined media conditions and have finite expansion potential in vitro. These adult progenitor populations have been identified in various tissues, but it remains unclear exactly what role both transplanted and native MSCs play in processes of disease and regeneration. Interestingly, increasing evidence reveals a unique antiinflammatory immunomodulatory phenotype shared among this population, lending support to the idea that MSCs play a central role in early tissue remodeling responses where a controlled inflammatory response is required. However, additional evidence suggests that MSCs may not retain infinite immune privilege and that the context with which these cells are introduced in vivo may influence their immune phenotype. Therefore, understanding this dynamic microenvironment in which MSCs participate in complex feedback loops acting upon and being influenced by a plethora of secreted cytokines, extracellular matrix molecules, and fragments will be critical to elucidating the role of MSCs in the intertwined processes of immunomodulation and tissue repair. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 90:67–74, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

脂质组学在医药研究中的应用

脂质组学是对整体脂质进行系统分析的一门新兴学科,通过比较不同生理状态下脂代谢网络的变化,进而识别代谢调控中关键的脂生物标志物,最终揭示脂质在各种生命活动中的作用机制。电喷雾电离-质谱技术是脂质组学领域中最核心的研究手段,目前已能对各种脂质尤其是磷脂进行高分辨率、高灵敏度、高通量的分析。随着质谱技术的进步,脂质组学在疾病脂生物标志物的识别、疾病诊断、药物靶点及先导化合物的发现和药物作用机制的研究等方面已展现出广泛的应用前景。     

Execution by lethal injection, euthanasia, organ-donation and the proper goals of medicine

In a recent issue of this journal, David Silver and Gerald Dworkin discuss the physicians' role in execution by lethal injection. Dworkin concludes that discussion by stating that, at that point, he is unable to think of an acceptable set of moral principles to support the view that it is illegitimate for physicians to participate in execution by lethal injection that would not rule out certain other plausible moral judgements, namely that euthanasia is under certain conditions legitimate and that organ-donation surgery is sometimes permissible. This article draws attention to some problems in the views of Silver and Dworkin and suggests moral principles which support the three moral views just mentioned.     

Genetic diversity and biogeography of the traditional Chinese medicine, Gardenia jasminoides, based on AFLP markers

Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in China. Levels of genetic variation and patterns of population structure within and among eight wild or cultivated populations of G. jasminoides Ellis in China were investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Of the 11 primers screened, four produced highly reproducible AFLP bands. Using these primers, 244 discernible DNA fragments were generated with 165 bands (67.6%), were polymorphic, indicating considerable genetic variation at the species level. In contrast, there were relatively low levels of polymorphism at the population level with the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) ranging from 36.89% to 59.43%. Genetic diversity within populations ranged from 0.2086 to 0.3108, averaging 0.2392 at the species level. A high level of genetic differentiation among populations was detected based on Nei's genetic diversity analysis (76.59%), Shannon's index analysis (64.8%) and AMOVA analysis (72.75%). No significant statistical differences (analysis of molecular variance [AMOVA], p = 0.0639) in AFLP variation were found between regions. However, the variance among populations and within populations differed significantly (p < 0.001). An indirect estimate of historical levels of gene flow (N_m = 1.7448) was consistent with the high mean genetic identity (mean I = 0.9263) found among populations. There is an association between geographic and genetic distances between populations. Presently gene change exists between populations.     

2006年度预防医学国家自然科学基金结题情况简介

为了解预防医学学科资助项目的完成情况和学科研究进展,客观公正地做好结题项目的绩效评估,进一步加强基金项目的管理,本文从结题项目概况、结题情况分析、新理论和新技术在结题项目中的应用、连续性支持、国家需求型研究等几方面对2006年度预防医学学科结题情况作一总结和分析。     

Comparing Conservation Priorities for Useful Plants Among Botanists and Tibetan Doctors

Perspectives of diverse constituencies need to be incorporated when developing conservation strategies. In Menri (Medicine Mountains) of the Eastern Himalayas, Tibetan doctors and professional botanists were interviewed about conservation of useful plants. We compare these two perspectives and find they differ significantly in conservation priorities (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks P < 0.05), both in how they prioritized, as well as the priorities themselves. Tibetan doctors first consider which plants are most important to their medical practice and, then secondarily, the conservation status of these plants. Additionally, perceptions of threatened medicinal plants differ among Tibetan doctors who received medical training in Lhasa, who were local trained, and who were self-taught. In contrast, professional botanists came to a consensus among themselves by first considering the conservation status of plants and then considering use. We conclude that, in order to effect community based conservation, opinions from both Tibetan doctors and professional botanists should be considered in establishing conservation priorities and sustainable conservation programs. Furthermore, we set our own research agenda based on combined perspectives.