抗生素相关性腹泻患儿肠道菌群变化与血清细胞因子的关系

目的研究抗生素相关性腹泻(AAD)患儿肠道菌群变化与血清细胞因子的相关性及其临床意义。方法选择2018年5月至2019年5月在我院儿科住院且使用过抗生素治疗的儿童,根据是否发生AAD分为AAD组和非AAD组。另取同期进行体检的健康儿童作为对照组。检测各组对象粪便中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠球菌和肠杆菌的数量,血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)的含量,并采用Logistics回归分析AAD的相关因素。结果 AAD组儿童粪便中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量低于非AAD组及对照组,而粪便中肠球菌、肠杆菌的数量及血清中TNF-α、IL-6的水平高于非AAD组及对照组(均P0.05)。Logistics回归分析显示,抗生素使用时间≥5 d、联用抗生素、TNF-α及IL-6增多、双歧杆菌及乳杆菌减少是AAD发生的独立危险因素(均P0.05)。结论肠道菌群紊乱与AAD的发病有关并且能够增加患者炎症因子的释放,其中益生菌的减少是AAD发生的主要独立危险因素。     

双歧三联活菌胶囊对结肠癌术后化疗相关性腹泻的疗效

目的探讨双歧三联活菌胶囊对结肠癌术后化疗相关性腹泻患者的疗效,为该病的治疗提供参考。方法选择2017年5月至2019年5月在本院接受治疗的90例结肠癌术后化疗相关性腹泻患者为研究对象,回顾性分析其治疗方案并分为对照组(48例,接受常规治疗)和研究组(42例,接受双歧三联活菌胶囊联合常规治疗)。两组患者持续治疗1周后对比其治疗效果,肠黏膜屏障功能指标[二胺氧化酶(DAO)、D乳酸(DLA)、内毒素(Endotoxin)],营养相关指标[血红蛋白(Hb)、白蛋白(ALB)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、前白蛋白(PA)]水平和药物相关不良反应发生情况的差异。结果治疗1周后,研究组患者治疗总有效率(100.00%)大于对照组(89.58%)患者,同时其疗效分级差异也有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。研究组患者血清中DAO、DLA、Endotoxin的水平低于对照组,而Hb、ALB、TRF、PA的水平高于对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组患者均未发生明显药物相关不良反应。结论双歧三联活菌胶囊辅助治疗可有效增加结肠癌术后化疗相关性腹泻的治疗效果,安全性良好。     

痛泻要方对肝气乘脾泄泻小鼠肠道微生物的影响

目的探讨痛泻要方对肝气乘脾泄泻小鼠肠道微生物的影响,为肝气乘脾泄泻及中医经典药方治疗泄泻的机制提供实验依据。方法SPF级昆明小鼠随机分为正常组10只和模型组15只,造模成功后,取正常组和模型组各5只,将剩余模型组小鼠随机分为自然恢复组和痛泻要方干预组各5只,痛泻要方干预组灌胃痛泻要方治疗3 d,分别在造模成功和治疗后取肠道内容物进行微生物培养,然后记录内容物中各种菌的数量。结果造模后,模型组小鼠细菌总数、大肠埃希菌、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量均有上升趋势,与正常组相比只有细菌总数[(23.9±3.51)vs(1.35±0.30),10⁸ CFU/g]差异有统计学意义(t=-11.061,P=0.008)。治疗后,痛泻要方干预组小鼠恢复了肝气乘脾泄泻引起的肠道微生物失衡,其中与自然恢复组相比痛泻要方治疗对大肠埃希菌的影响最明显[(1.63±1.19)vs(8.47±0.84),10⁶ CFU/g;t=8.124,P=0.001],细菌总数、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量均受影响,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。肝气乘脾造模组小鼠的肠道微生物定植抗力(B/E值)降低,而痛泻要方干预组的趋近于正常组。结论肝气乘脾泄泻小鼠肠道细菌总数、大肠埃希菌、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌等的数量增加,B/E值降低,痛泻要方干预能够恢复肝气乘脾泄泻引起的肠道微生物失衡,并通过调节肠道微生物以提高B/E值来治疗泄泻。     

稀土发光材料在荧光成像中的应用

稀土发光材料由于具有荧光寿命长、发射峰半峰宽窄和Stokes位移大等发光性质,在生命科学研究的各个领域,包括荧光免疫分析、离子识别、蛋白质活性测定、核酸检测等,有着广泛而重要的应用前景.本文以稀土配合物、稀土掺杂上转换材料和长余辉材料为代表,就当前稀土发光材料的发光性质及其在生物成像标记方面的研究做一综述,并对稀土发光...     

Seizure-like afterdischarges simulated in a model neuron

To explore non-synaptic mechanisms in paroxysmal discharges, we used a computer model of a simplified hippocampal pyramidal cell, surrounded by interstitial space and a “glial-endothelial” buffer system. Ion channels for Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Cl⁻ _, ion antiport 3Na/Ca, and “active” ion pumps were represented in the neuron membrane. The glia had “leak” conductances and an ion pump. Fluxes, concentration changes and cell swelling were computed. The neuron was stimulated by injecting current. Afterdischarge (AD) followed stimulation if depolarization due to rising interstitial K⁺ concentration ([K⁺]_o) activated persistent Na⁺ current (I _Na,P). AD was either simple or self-regenerating; either regular (tonic) or burst-type (clonic); and always self-limiting. Self-regenerating AD required sufficient I _Na,P to ensure re-excitation. Burst firing depended on activation of dendritic Ca²⁺ currents and Ca-dependent K⁺ current. Varying glial buffer function influenced [K⁺]_o accumulation and afterdischarge duration. Variations in Na⁺ and K⁺ currents influenced the threshold and the duration of AD. The data show that high [K⁺]_o and intrinsic membrane currents can produce the feedback of self-regenerating afterdischarges without synaptic input. The simulated discharge resembles neuron behavior during paroxysmal firing in living brain tissue. Action Editor: David Terman     

猪流行性腹泻病毒单克隆抗体及其抗原表位的研究进展

猪流行性腹泻(Porcine epidemic diarrhea,PED)是由猪流行性腹泻病毒(PED virus,PEDV)引起的一种严重危害养猪生产的常见疫病。近年来,由于新的PEDV变异毒株的出现,许多国家的养猪业遭受了巨大的经济损失。PEDV也因此受到更多关注,关于PEDV的研究报道也日渐增多。基于国内外有关PEDV的最新研究进展,本文系统归纳和分析了PEDV结构蛋白和非结构蛋白单克隆抗体以及单克隆抗体识别的特异性抗原表位,以期为开发鉴别诊断方法和表位疫苗等提供信息。     

EMOST: elimination of chronic constipation and diarrhea by low-frequency and intensity electromagnetic fields

Previously, we reported about the effectiveness of the EMOST (Electro-Magnetic-Own-Signal-Treatment) treatments in reduction of phantom limb pain as well as improvement of the quality of sleep and mood in subjects under clinical circumstances. We also presented the successful application of EMOST for mental stress management of humans under catastrophic conditions. Our some years experience indicated that the efficiency of EMOST is much greater in children than in adult subjects. In addition, in children much less treatment is needed for recovery compared to adult subjects, as well as the duration of the treatment is shorter. It is possible that this particular success is due to the large plasticity of the central and the autonomic nervous system in young patients. Thus, our research pays special attention regarding the EMOST effectiveness in the field of chronic childhood diseases. Here we report about results of routine alternative treatments carried out at Biolabor Biophysics and Laboratory Services Ltd. by EMOST device regarding to the elimination of chronic constipation and persistent diarrhea in the case of two children. We also briefly present two important possible biological mechanisms such as redox processes and the bidirectional communication between skin cells and the nervous system regarding the efficiency of low-frequency and low-intensity electromagnetic fields (LFI-EMF) treatments.     

整肠生联合常乐康治疗伴肠道菌群失调功能性腹泻的疗效观察

目的观察整肠生、常乐康联合应用治疗伴有肠道菌群失调功能性腹泻的临床疗效及其对肠道定植抗力的影响。方法选取符合入组条件的门诊患者共64例,随机分为整肠生（A）组22例、整肠生＋常乐康（B）组21例、常乐康（C）组21例。1个月后观察各组临床疗效。结果改善消化道症状有效率整肠生组为55％,联合用药组为90％,常乐康组为55％;改善肠道整体菌群有效率分别为25％、70％、30％;改善B／E值有效率分别为65％、90％、60％。联合用药组与单独使用整肠生或常乐康组差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。试验中三个治疗组均无明显不良反应事件发生。结论单独应用整肠生或常乐康、以及两药联合应用均能有效的改善功能性腹泻的症状、调整肠道菌群、增强肠道定植抗力,其中联合用药组的疗效更显著。