香辣蓼,中国春蓼属(蓼科)一新归化植物

报道了中国春蓼属一新归化植物：香辣蓼[Persicaria odorata（Lour.） Soják],并对其形态学特征进行了详细描述,提供了形态照片,同时分析了其用途。该种原产于中南半岛,被作为香料植物在云南、广西、广东及江西等地的傣族或客家人聚居区广泛栽培,现在云南西双版纳傣族自治州及德宏傣族景颇族自治州发现大量归化居群。香辣蓼与特产于中国江西的武功山春蓼（P.wugongshanensis B.Li）最为近似,二者叶片均具有强烈的气味,叶片及花被片具腺点,二型花柱,花序基部间断,花梗长于苞片,区别在于本种为多年生草本植物,具发达的根状茎,叶片披针形至狭披针形,果实表面光滑有光泽。     

Taxonomic notes on Polygonaceae from southern tropical Afkica

As part of taxonomic studies of the family Polygonacrae For the Flora Zambesiaca project, two new species from southrrn tropical Africa are described: Persicaria nogueirae S. Ortiz & Paiva, from Zambia and Angola, and Oxygonum annuum S. Ortiz & Paiva, from Zambia. In addition, two new combinations are proposed: Polygonum glomertum Dammer is transferred to the genus Persicaria as Persicaria glomerata (Dammrr) S. Ortiz & Paiva, and Persicaria attemtata (R. Br.) Soják subsp. africana K.L. Wilson is renamed Persicaria madagascariensis (Meisn.) S. Ortiz & Paiva.     

Establishment and dispersal of the biological control weevil Rhinoncomimus latipes on mile-a-minute weed, Persicaria perfoliata

Mile-a-minute weed, Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross (Polygonaceae), is an annual vine from Asia that has invaded the eastern US where it can form dense monocultures and outcompete other vegetation in a variety of habitats. The host-specific Asian weevil Rhinoncomimus latipes Korotyaev (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was first released in the US in 2004 as part of a classical biological control program. The weevil was intensively monitored in three release arrays over 4 years, and field cages at each site were used to determine the number of generations produced. The weevil established at all three sites and produced three to four generations before entering a reproductive diapause in late summer. Weevils dispersed at an average rate of 1.5–2.9 m wk⁻¹ through the 50 m diameter arrays, which had fairly contiguous mile-a-minute cover. Weevils dispersing in the broader, more variable landscape located both large monocultures and small isolated patches of mile-a-minute 600–760 m from the release within 14 months. Weevil density ranged from fewer than 10 to nearly 200 weevils m⁻² mile-a-minute weed. Mile-a-minute cover decreased at the site with the highest weevil density. The production of P. perfoliata seed clusters decreased with increasing weevil populations at two sites, and seedling production declined over time at two sites by 75% and 87%. The ability of the weevil to establish, produce multiple generations per season, disperse to new patches, and likelihood of having an impact on plants in the field suggests that R. latipes has the potential to be a successful biological control agent.     

三峡水库消落区4种一年生植物种子的水淹耐受性及水淹对其种子萌发的影响

稗(Echinochloa crusgalli)、苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum)、合萌(Aeschynomene indica)和水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper)是三峡水库消落区常见的4种一年生植物。该研究旨在验证这4种植物的种子能否耐受三峡水库消落区的水淹环境及种子在消落区变化的环境中能否成功地萌发。将消落区按照吴淞高程标准划分为9个高程梯度(145-150 m、150-155 m、155-160 m、160-163 m、163-166 m、166-169 m、169-172 m、172-175 m和>175 m), 实地播种这4种植物的种子(或果实), 并将种子萌发划分为“有泥沙淤积于种子表面”和“无泥沙淤积于种子表面” 2组。观察在消落区水位变化(蓄水到退水)一个周期内种子能否耐受水淹及水淹对不同高程种子萌发的影响。结果发现: (1)稗、苍耳、合萌和水蓼的成熟种子(或果实)能够耐受三峡水库消落区的水淹环境并保持活力。(2)这4种一年生植物种子的萌发起始时间和萌发持续时间都随着高程的降低而逐渐缩短(p < 0.01); 高程169 m以下, 种子萌发的起始时间显著缩短(p < 0.01)。总体来看, 在同一高程区域内, 合萌种子的萌发起始时间略长一些, 苍耳次之, 水蓼最短。(3)对稗、苍耳和水蓼的种子而言, 萌发率随高程的降低总体上呈现先上升后下降的趋势。合萌的种子萌发率随高程的降低总体呈下降的趋势。(4)水淹过程中产生的泥沙淤积对种子萌发影响较小, 但是在一定程度上可以促进苍耳的种子萌发而抑制合萌的种子萌发。以上试验结果表明: 这4种一年生植物的种子(或果实)在三峡水库消落区变化环境中能够耐受水淹并成功地萌发, 可应用于三峡水库消落区的植被恢复和生态重建中。     

火炭母的一个新异名及其系统位置初探

该文将铺地火炭母(Polygonum chinense L. var. procumbens Z. E. Zhao et J. R. Zhao)处理为火炭母原变种(Persicaria chinensis var. chinensis)的异名,并讨论了火炭母在命名上的问题,及其系统学位置。     

Monitored releases of Rhinoncomimus latipes (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a biological control agent of mile-a-minute weed (Persicaria perfoliata), 2004–2008

Mile-a-minute weed, Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross, is an invasive annual vine of Asian origin that has developed extensive monocultures, especially in disturbed open areas in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. A host-specific Asian weevil, Rhinoncomimus latipes Korotyaev, was approved for release in North America in 2004, and weevils have been reared at the New Jersey Department of Agriculture Beneficial Insect Laboratory since then. By the end of 2007 more than 53,000 weevils had been reared and released, mostly in New Jersey, but also in Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. The beetles established at 63 out of 65 sites (96.9%) where they were released between 2004 and 2007, with successful releases consisting of as few as 200 weevils. Weevils were recorded at 30 additional non-release sites in New Jersey, where they had dispersed at an average rate of 4.3 km/year. Standardized monitoring of fixed quadrats was conducted in paired release and control sites at eight locations. Significant differences in mile-a-minute weed populations in the presence and absence of weevils were found at three locations, with reduction in spring densities to 25% or less of what they had been at the start within 2–3 years at release sites, while weed densities at control sites were largely unchanged. Mile-a-minute weed populations at a fourth site were similarly reduced at the release site, but without control data for comparison due to rapid colonization of the paired control site. At the other four locations, all on islands, mile-a-minute weed populations were reduced at both release and control sites without large weevil populations developing, apparently due to environmental conditions such as late frost and extreme drought.     

水蓼不同提取液对一字纹稻苞虫的生物活性筛选

基于均匀设计法研究水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper L.)全草的不同提取液对一字纹稻苞虫Parnara guttata Bremenet Grey的触杀和拒食活性。结果表明,乙醇浸提液对一字纹稻苞虫具有较高的触杀活性,48h的致死中浓度(LC50)为23.18mg·mL-1;水蒸汽蒸馏液对一字纹稻苞虫具有较强的拒食活性,24和48h的拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为26.61和26.18mg·mL-1;丙酮浸提液对一字纹稻苞虫的触杀和拒食活性均不显著。54h的同时触杀和拒食活性浓度筛选的结果表明,乙醇浸提液70.02mg·mL-1和水蒸汽蒸馏液69.12mg·mL-1联合使用对一字纹稻苞虫同时触杀和拒食活性最好,死亡率达100%。     

人工湿地园沼泽植物水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper L.)的蒸腾特性日变化

对人工湿地园中沼泽植物水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper L.)蒸腾特性日变化进行了研究.结果表明: 水蓼叶片的蒸腾速率日进程在晴朗的天气呈单峰曲线变化,最高峰值出现在下午的14:00.受光量子通量密度的影响最大,相关系数为0.668.与相对湿度的变化呈正相关(r=0.607),说明水蓼的蒸腾速率日变化是受其自身所具有的特殊生理特性所决定.叶片气孔阻力直接影响蒸腾速率.