Hamann-Todd Collection aging studies: osteoporosis fracture syndrome

The study presents a retrospective analysis of distal radius, proximal femur, vertebral, and sacral fractures that occurred in 938 Hamann-Todd Collection skeletons. Individuals included in the investigation were retrieved from dissecting room cadavers in Cleveland, Ohio, between the years 1910 and 1940. Demographic analysis showed that the mean ages at death for blacks and whites included in the study were 41.9 and 53.8 years, respectively. Evaluations of fracture repair status were made for all fractures that were identified. Observations that document side of involvement and unilateral/bilateral distribution were made for distal radius and hip fractures. It was found that the age-, sex-, and race-related fracture patterns which characterize the early 20th century Hamann-Todd sample strongly correspond in distribution and magnitude to those seen in modern American and European urban industrial communities. The distal radius, hip, vertebral, and sacral fractures which were identified in individuals over 60 years of age appear to be a primary result of skeletal fragility due to age progressive bone loss. However, it is suggested that the early onset and high frequency of distal radius fractures seen in climacteric Caucasian women may be more directly due to accidental falls initiated by a greater frequency, intensity, and duration of vasomotor disturbances which are known to accompanay estrogen withdrawal in perimenopausal white females.     

微创经皮钢板接骨术治疗高能量胫骨干骨折的临床疗效

目的:探讨微创经皮钢板接骨术(Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis,MIPPO)技术治疗高能量胫骨干骨折的临床疗效。方法:选择2013年7月-2015年7月在我院接受手术治疗的高能量胫骨干骨折患者57例作为研究对象,根据手术方法不同将其分为MIPPO组(34例)和对照组(23例)。MIPPO组患者应用微创经皮钢板接骨术治疗,对照组患者采用传统内固定术治疗。观察并比较两组患者的手术效果及并发症的发生情况。结果:MIPPO组患者手术优良率为85.29%(29/34),对照组患者手术优良率为69.57%(16/23);MIPPO组手术效果明显优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组比较,MIPPO组患者的手术时间短、术中出血量少、骨折愈合时间早,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者均发生内固定松动、切口感染、骨恢复畸形等并发症,其中MIPPO组并发症的发生率为5.88%(2/34),对照组并发症的发生率为8.71%(4/23),MIPPO组并发症的发生率明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:MIPPO技术治疗高能量胫骨干骨折具有明显的临床效果,且并发症的发生率较低,安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。     

64 排螺旋CT不同重建方法在桡骨下端隐匿性骨折诊断中的临床应用

目的:研究64排螺旋CT不同重建方法在桡骨下端隐匿性骨折(OFDR)诊断中的临床应用。方法:选择2012年6月至2015年6月在我院接受手术治疗的46例OFDR患者作为研究对象,所有患者均通过64层的Somatom Definition AS型CT机实施双侧腕关节的容积扫描,分别利用轴位、矢状位及冠状位MPR以及VR等重建方法评价OFDR图像,对比不同方位的多平面重建(MPR)图像与容积重建(VR)图像对于OFDR的显示率情况,CT不同重建方法的诊断情况及诊断价值。结果:四种方式联合检测对于OFDR的显示率最高,为100.00%。矢状位MPR及冠状位MPR对于OFDR的显示率均分别显著高于轴位MPR及VR,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。轴位MPR的真阳性26例,真阴性4例;矢状位MPR的真阳性41例,真阴性1例;冠状位MPR的真阳性36例,真阴性2例;VR的真阳性23例,真阴性1例;四种方式联合检测的真阳性44例,真阴性2例。四种方式联合检测的灵敏度、特异度及准确度均最高,为100.00%,其次为矢状位MPR及冠状位MPR。结论:64排螺旋CT能够较好地诊断OFDR,重建方法应用矢状位MPR及冠状位MPR可获得更为清晰的图像显示价值,效果明显,值得临床应用。     

椎体成形术治疗脊柱压缩骨折的临床疗效

目的:探讨脊柱压缩骨折患者的椎体成形术应用方法与效果。方法:脊柱压缩骨折患者150例根据随机抽签法分为治疗组与对照组各75例,对照组给予传统开放性手术,治疗组给予椎体成形术。通过比较两组手术时间,术中出血量,术后住院时间,术后疼痛评分,术后局部Cobb角的差异评价治疗效果,其中,疼痛评分采用VAS量表,局部Cobb角通过脊椎侧围X片测定。结果:所有患者都顺利完成手术,无严重并发症发生,治疗组的术中出血量与术后住院时间明显少于对照组(P0.05)。两组术前疼痛评分对比差异无统计学意义,术后疼痛评分都呈现明显下降的趋势(P0.05),同时术后治疗组的疼痛评分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。两组术前局部Cobb角对比差异无统计学意义,术后局部Cobb角都明显下降(P0.05),同时术后治疗组的局部Cobb角都明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:脊柱压缩骨折患者的椎体成形术应用能有效缓解疼痛程度,改善椎体前中部高度脊柱后凸情况,对于患者的创伤比较少,有很好的推广应用价值。     

血府逐瘀汤对股骨颈骨折患者TGF-beta、VEGF及BMP-2 表达的影响

目的:探讨血府逐瘀汤对股骨颈骨折术后患者转化生长因子β(TGF-β)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、骨形成蛋白-2(BMP-2)表达的影响。方法:选择2014年2月至2014年8月于我院接受治疗的股骨颈骨折患者80例,随机分为实验组和对照组。对照组行常规治疗方案,实验组在常规治疗基础上加用血府逐瘀汤。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后自觉疼痛程度及骨折处骨组织TGF-β、VEGF及BMP-2表达的变化。结果:治疗后,两组患者harris评分均高于治疗前,实验组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者的骨折处骨组织TGF-β、VEGF、BMP-2水平均高于治疗前,实验组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:血府逐瘀汤能有效提高股骨颈骨折患者骨折处骨组织TGF-β、VEGF、BMP-2的表达,促进股骨颈骨折的恢复,值得临床应用和推广。     

倒"L"入路治疗胫骨平台后柱骨折的疗效分析及随访研究

摘要 目的：探讨倒"L"入路治疗胫骨平台后柱骨折的疗效、安全性及对膝关节功能的影响。方法：纳入2015年8月至2019年12月在我院骨科接受手术治疗的88例闭合性胫骨平台后柱骨折患者，随机平均分为观察组和对照组各44例。观察组采用倒"L"入路术式进行切开复位内固定治疗，对照组采用常规手术入路进行内固定治疗。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、骨折愈合时间、延迟愈合比例。比较两组患者膝关节功能及并发症情况。结果：观察组手术时间短于对照组（P<0.05），两组患者术中出血量、术后住院时间比较无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者在愈合时间、延迟愈合比例方面比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。观察组膝关节HSS评分、Lysholm评分及IKDC评分均高于对照组，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：对于胫骨平台后柱骨折的患者，采用倒"L"入路是一种新型的可靠入路方式，与传统术式相比，其对膝关节功能改善更佳，安全可靠。     

Temporal trends in femoral diaphyseal torsional asymmetry among the Arikara associated with postural behavior

Average femoral torsion has been reported to differ among populations, and several studies have observed a relatively high prevalence of femoral anteversion asymmetry in Native Americans, especially females. This study investigates sexual dimorphism and temporal trends in femoral torsional asymmetry among the Arikara from the seventeenth to the early nineteenth century. To establish if there are population differences, femoral torsion was first measured using a direct method on a diverse comparative sample of Native Americans from the Southwest, Midwest, and Great Plains as well as American Whites and Blacks. To examine temporal trends among the Arikara, femoral torsion was examined using the orientation of the maximum bending rigidity at subtrochanteric in 154 females and 164 males from three temporal variants of the Arikara Coalescent tradition. There is significant sexual dimorphism in femoral torsional directional and absolute asymmetry among most Native American samples, but not among American Whites and Blacks. Among the Arikara there is significant sexual dimorphism in femoral torsional asymmetry in all three temporal variants, and asymmetry in femoral torsional asymmetry increased significantly from the protohistoric to the early historic period among females. The increased femoral torsional asymmetry is likely associated with a common side‐sitting posture observed in historic photographs of Great Plains females. Historic Arikara females may have habitually sat in this compulsory position for extended periods while conducting domestic chores. The dramatic change from the protohistoric to historic period suggests a cultural change in sitting posture among females that was widespread across the Northern Plains. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:512–524, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Osteoporosis in a population from medieval Norway

Modern populations from Norway and England differ in their experience of osteoporosis, the former showing lower bone mineral density (BMD) and a higher fragility fracture rate. The aim of the present work was to investigate whether this was also the case during the Middle Ages. Age-dependent loss of BMD in the proximal femur was assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in male and female adult skeletons from a cemetery in the medieval town of Trondheim, Norway. Fracture prevalence was also investigated. Results were compared with those previously reported for a skeletal series from Wharram Percy, a deserted medieval village in England. Results indicate that peak BMD and patterns of age-related loss of BMD in the Norwegian and the English group were similar. Among females, the prevalence of osteoporotic fractures was greater in the Norwegian than in the English population. The BMD results suggest that differences in BMD between English and Norwegians are of recent origin, although given the fairly modest sample sizes, further work is needed to confirm this. Reasons for the greater prevalence of osteoporotic fractures in women in the Norwegian skeletal series are unclear, but the colder climate and greater frequency of hard surfaces may have meant that falls were more frequent, and when they occurred, were more likely to result in fractures than in the rural English group.     

The femoral route revisited: an alternative for pectoral pacing lead implantation

We describe the implantation via the femoral vein of a dual-chamber pacing system with lumenless, catheter-delivered pacing leads in a patient in whom subclavian access on both sides was obstructed. (Neth Heart J 2010;18:42-4.)